{"id":49821,"date":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49821"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","slug":"disease-models-turf-grass","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/tr\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","title":{"rendered":"Hastal\u0131k modelleri - \u00e7im \u00e7imen"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49821\" class=\"elementor elementor-49821\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-415c8b5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"415c8b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abe619a\" data-id=\"abe619a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93be70f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"93be70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49654\" alt=\"Hastal\u0131k Modelleri - \u00e7im \u00e7imen\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaf8341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaf8341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c99d4c3\" data-id=\"c99d4c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e922299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e922299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>\u00c7im \u00e7imen<\/b> hastal\u0131k modelleri\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc5aded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc5aded\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb0c2b0\" data-id=\"cb0c2b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ed3b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-cotton-blight\">PAMUK YANIKLI\u011eI -<\/br><em>Phytium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7534dc6\" data-id=\"7534dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d5cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07d5cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-dollar-spot\">DOLAR NOKTASI -<\/br><em>Sclerotinia homoeocarpa<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2db0d2b\" data-id=\"2db0d2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42f6aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42f6aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-brown-patch\">KAHVERENG\u0130 YAMA -<\/br><em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d62353 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d62353\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8ad78e\" data-id=\"a8ad78e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ff038 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ff038\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-snow-mold\">KAR KALIBI -<\/br><em>Typhula spp.<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e703c\" data-id=\"29e703c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd50176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd50176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-overseeding\">A\u015eIRI TOHUMLAMA<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0220d\" data-id=\"bb0220d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94952ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94952ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd0fb48\" data-id=\"fd0fb48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-908631f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"908631f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">\u00d6nerilen ekipman<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a38f80b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a38f80b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac9d72c\" data-id=\"ac9d72c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc779 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0dc779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc43140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc43140\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b864bd\" data-id=\"2b864bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f710c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f2f710c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-cotton-blight\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a62ff0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a62ff0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Pamuk yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba72bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ba72bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pamuk Yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ya\u011f Lekesi olarak da bilinen Phytium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na birka\u00e7 farkl\u0131 Pytium t\u00fcr\u00fc neden olur. So\u011fuk mevsim \u00e7im \u00e7imleri Pythium'a kar\u015f\u0131 hassast\u0131r. Uygun ko\u015fullar alt\u0131nda, t\u00fcm \u00e7im \u00e7imen birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn i\u00e7inde yok olabilir.<\/p><h3>Semptomlar<\/h3><p>Pythium semptomlar\u0131 ilk olarak k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, d\u00fczensiz \u015fekilli lekeler olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar ve bunlar bir araya gelerek genellikle uzun \u00e7izgiler halinde olan b\u00fcy\u00fck yamalar olu\u015fturur. Pythium genellikle bu \u00e7izgilerde geli\u015fir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc su hareketinin (drenaj) y\u00f6n\u00fc \u00e7o\u011funlukla golf arabalar\u0131 ve bi\u00e7me ekipmanlar\u0131ndan kaynaklanan izlerdir. \u00c7im yapraklar\u0131 ilk ba\u015fta su ile \u0131slanm\u0131\u015f, ya\u011fl\u0131 veya s\u00fcm\u00fcks\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcnecek ve hissedilecektir. \u00c7iy veya nem kuruduktan sonra yapraklar b\u00fcz\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr ve \u00e7\u00f6ker, bu da genellikle kahverengi bir \u00e7imin ke\u00e7ele\u015fmesine neden olur. \u00c7im \u00e7imen, a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi veya gri renge d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fen yamalar geli\u015ftirmeye ba\u015flayacakt\u0131r. Sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde veya g\u00fcn boyunca y\u00fcksek nemle birlikte, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 yapraklar beyaz, \u00f6r\u00fcmcek a\u011f\u0131na benzer, k\u00fcf benzeri miselyum b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle kaplanabilir.<\/p><h3>Biyoloji<\/h3><p>Pythium toprakta uzun s\u00fcre hayatta kalabilir, genellikle ge\u00e7mi\u015fte enfekte olmu\u015f bitkilerin d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinden veya toprakta ya\u015fayan sporlardan gelir. Pythium, miselyum ve sporlar\u0131n bitkiden bitkiye hareketi ve b\u00fcy\u00fcmesiyle yay\u0131l\u0131r. Pythium s\u0131cak ve nemli havalarda, tipik olarak 27\u00b0C ila 35\u00b0C'lik g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda, hava hareketinin az ancak nem i\u00e7eri\u011finin y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu alanlarda geli\u015fir. 13\u00b0C ila 18\u00b0C aras\u0131ndaki daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ve uzun s\u00fcreli ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 havalarda Pythium hala yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/p><p>Pythium en \u00e7ok g\u00fcnd\u00fcz + gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n 66\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerinde oldu\u011fu \"150 kural\u0131\" s\u0131ras\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Pythium en \u00e7ok \u00e7iyin \u00e7im \u00fczerinde 14 saat veya daha uzun s\u00fcre kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 durumlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 azot ve g\u00fcr b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye sahip \u00e7im standlar\u0131 Pythiuum'a kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ok savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r ve y\u00fcksek azot seviyeleri nedeniyle h\u0131zla yay\u0131lacakt\u0131r.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkali\">Alkali<\/a>\u00a0topraklar (pH 7'nin \u00fczerinde) ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calcium\">Kalsiyum<\/a>\u00a0eksikli\u011fi olan topraklar da Pythium'u destekleme e\u011filimindedir.3 Pythium k\u0131\u015f boyunca\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oospore\">oosporlar<\/a>\u00a0toprakta bulunur. Bu nedenle patojen, hastal\u0131kl\u0131 bitkilerin hareketiyle, toprak hareketiyle, y\u00fczey suyuyla ve hatta ayakkab\u0131larla kolayca yay\u0131l\u0131r. Pythium ayr\u0131ca \u00e7im \u00e7imenlerde \"s\u00f6n\u00fcmlenme\", \"tohum \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmesi\" veya \"fide yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na\" neden olur. Bu durum en \u00e7ok \u00c7ok Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00c7im \u00c7iminde (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">Lolium perenne<\/a>) ve \u00f6nerilen ekim oranlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde olan alanlarda g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Pythium sadece \u00e7im \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc tahrip etmekle kalmaz, ayn\u0131 zamanda oomycete k\u00f6klere ve ta\u00e7lara da sald\u0131rabilir, bu da b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi azalt\u0131r, renksizle\u015fir ve \u00e7imin incelmesine neden olur.<\/p><h3>Ko\u015fullar<\/h3><ul><li>Enfeksiyon ve hastal\u0131k geli\u015fimi 30\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerindeki g\u00fcnd\u00fcz hava s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ile ili\u015fkilidir<\/li><li>gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 20\u00b0C'nin \u00fczerindedir<\/li><li>90%'nin \u00fczerinde 15 saat veya daha uzun s\u00fcre ba\u011f\u0131l nem.<\/li><li>Y\u00fcksek azotla beslenen fideler, gen\u00e7\/\u00e7imlenmekte olan fideler gibi hastal\u0131\u011fa kar\u015f\u0131 daha hassas g\u00f6r\u00fcnmektedir, bu nedenle s\u0131cak havalarda ekim veya tesis s\u0131ras\u0131nda dikkatli olunmal\u0131d\u0131r<\/li><\/ul><p>Model 27 Temmuz'da bir riks d\u00f6nemi g\u00f6stermektedir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc o g\u00fcn 90%'nin \u00fczerinde 15 saatten fazla ba\u011f\u0131l nem tespit edilmi\u015ftir ve s\u0131cakl\u0131k 20 ila 35\u00b0C aras\u0131ndad\u0131r. Bu tarihten sonraki \u0131slak d\u00f6nem, s\u0131cakl\u0131k \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in risk g\u00f6stermemektedir.<\/p><h3>Kontrol<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poa_pratensis\">Kentucky bluegrass<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festuca\">\u00c7ay\u0131r otu<\/a>\u00a0Pythium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 daha az duyarl\u0131d\u0131r\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">\u00c7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu<\/a>\u00a0ve\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agrostis\">Bentgrass<\/a>. Yeterli drenaj, iyi hava hareketi ve dengeli do\u011furganl\u0131k i\u00e7eren bir ortam yaratmak hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dew\">\u00e7iy<\/a>\u00a0s\u0131cak ve nemli havalarda da Pythium'un \u00f6nlenmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. \u00c7im bi\u00e7me, s\u0131rt tipi bir \u00fcfleyici kullanma veya \u00e7im \u00fczerinde bir hortum s\u00fcr\u00fckleme yoluyla \u00e7imden \u00e7i\u011f \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131labilir. Ciddi drenaj sorunlar\u0131n\u0131z varsa bir i\u00e7 drenaj sistemi kurun. Hava sirk\u00fclasyonunu iyile\u015ftirin (Fan takmak, a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 veya \u00e7al\u0131lar\u0131 kald\u0131rmak) ve \u00e7im b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fczerinde uzun s\u00fcre nem b\u0131rakacak sulama uygulamalar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n. Yeterli bir\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeration\">havaland\u0131rma program\u0131<\/a>\u00a0s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 azaltacak ve drenaj\u0131 iyile\u015ftirecektir. Havaland\u0131rma her y\u0131l toplam y\u00fczey alan\u0131n\u0131n 15-20%'sini bozmal\u0131d\u0131r. Topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131za a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 azot uygulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131zdan emin olun. H\u0131zl\u0131 sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 g\u00fcbreler kullanmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n, yava\u015f sal\u0131n\u0131ml\u0131 amonyum kaynaklar\u0131 kullanmay\u0131 deneyin. Toprak pH'\u0131n\u0131z 6,5'in \u00fczerindeyse\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ammonium_sulfate%22\">amonyum s\u00fclfat<\/a>Bu da topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131z\u0131 asitle\u015ftirecektir. Kentucky Bluegrass \u00e7imleri i\u00e7in en dengeli g\u00fcbreleme programlar\u0131, y\u0131lda iki ila be\u015f lbs azot\/1000 sq.ft. uygulanmas\u0131ndan olu\u015facakt\u0131r.<\/p><p><em>Referanslar:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.missouribotanicalgarden.org\/gardens-gardening\/your-garden\/help-for-the-home-gardener\/advice-tips-resources\/pests-and-problems\/diseases\/rot\/pythium-blight-of-turf.aspx\">Missouri Botanik Bah\u00e7esi<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/pythium\">\u00c7im \u00c7imen Hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n Y\u00f6netimi<\/a><\/span><em><br \/><\/em><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/turfgrass\/pythium-blight-grease-spot\/\">UC IPM<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09c04bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09c04bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a45f45f\" data-id=\"a45f45f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688dc58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"688dc58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e0bdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e0bdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae04247\" data-id=\"ae04247\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b42a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c4b42a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-dollar-spot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a693459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a693459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dolar spotu<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbdd717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbdd717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dolar Lekesi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na patojenik mantar t\u00fcr\u00fc Sclerotinia homoeocarpa neden olur ve s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk mevsim \u00e7imlerinin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 enfekte eder.<\/p><p>Etkilenen \u00e7imlerde yaprak ucundan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru veya yaprak b\u0131\u00e7aklar\u0131 boyunca yanlara do\u011fru ilerleyen beyaz ila saman renkli lezyonlar g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Genellikle her lezyonu kahverengi bir s\u0131n\u0131r \u00e7evreler. Daha y\u00fcksek bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f \u00e7imlerdeki daha eski lezyonlar s\u0131kl\u0131kla kum saati \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr ve ortada \u00fcst veya alt k\u0131s\u0131mdan daha dard\u0131r. Tek bir yaprak yapra\u011f\u0131 bir\u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck lezyon ya da tek bir b\u00fcy\u00fck lezyon i\u00e7erebilir veya yaprak yapra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 yan\u0131k hale gelebilir. Enfekte yapraklar yan\u0131kla\u015f\u0131r, lezyonlar geni\u015fledik\u00e7e ve birle\u015ftik\u00e7e beyazdan saman rengine d\u00f6ner. Yan\u0131k yapraklar, \u00e7ap\u0131  10 cm ( 4 in\u00e7) aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen dairesel, \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fck lekeler \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u00fcmeler halinde olu\u015fur. Golf sahalar\u0131nda ve di\u011fer s\u0131k\u0131 bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f alanlarda, yamalar g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f bir dolara benzer \u00e7apta beyaz ila saman renkli lekeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr, bu nedenle dolar lekesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p><p>Dolar lekeleri, \u00e7ap\u0131 15 cm - 3 metre (6 in\u00e7 ila yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 fit) aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fen saman renginde geni\u015f yan\u0131k \u00e7im alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015febilir. Dolar lekesinden etkilenen \u00e7im alanlar\u0131 genellikle yapraklardan incelir ve yabani ot t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan istila edilir.<\/p><p>Dolar lekesi, Pythium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kahverengi yama semptomlar\u0131n\u0131n hastal\u0131k geli\u015fiminin belirli a\u015famalar\u0131nda benzer olabilece\u011fini unutmay\u0131n. Genellikle dolar lekesi, Pythium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 veya Rhizoctonia kahverengi yama gibi \u00e7im bitkilerinin h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesiyle ili\u015fkili de\u011fildir. Dolar lekesi ve kahverengi yamaya neden olan mantarlar genellikle enfekte yapraklarda belirgin lezyonlar olu\u015fturur, ancak Pythium yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaz. Dolar lekesi semptomlar\u0131 \u00e7im bitkilerinin hava k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131yla s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olsa da Sclerotinia homoeocarpa, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7im k\u00f6kleri i\u00e7in toksik olan bir metabolit \u00fcretir. Toksin, k\u00f6klerin kal\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131na, uzamas\u0131n\u0131n durmas\u0131na ve k\u00f6k t\u00fcylerinden yoksun hale gelmesine neden olur.<\/p><h3>Biyoloji ve Hastal\u0131k D\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h3><p>Fungal patojen yapraklara do\u011frudan bir appressoirum olu\u015fturarak ya da stomalardan veya kesilmi\u015f yaprak u\u00e7lar\u0131ndan girerek n\u00fcfuz eder. Hifler b\u00fcy\u00fcr ve epidermal ve mezofil h\u00fccrelerini kolonize eder. Fungal patojen ayr\u0131ca dokular\u0131n nekrotik olmas\u0131na neden olan enzimler ve toksinler salg\u0131lar. Fungus, enfekte olmu\u015f bitkilerde miselyum veya stromata olarak hayatta kal\u0131rken spor \u00fcretmez.<\/p><h3>Hastal\u0131k i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar<\/h3><ul><li>15\u00b0C ile 32\u00b0C aras\u0131nda optimum s\u0131cakl\u0131klar<\/li><li>\u00e7iy, ya\u011fmur, sulama nedeniyle uzun s\u00fcreli yaprak \u0131slakl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/li><li>en \u00e7ok ilkbahar ve sonbahar aylar\u0131nda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r.<\/li><li>d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck toprak nemi (bitkiyi strese sokar ve patojene kar\u015f\u0131 daha duyarl\u0131 hale getirir)<\/li><li>D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck azot verimlili\u011fi alt\u0131ndaki \u00e7imler, optimum verimlili\u011fe sahip \u00e7imlere g\u00f6re daha az dolar lekesi g\u00f6sterir.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Referanslar:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Allen, T.W., A. Martinez, ve L.L. Burpee. 2005. \u00c7imlerde dolar lekesi. Bitki Sa\u011fl\u0131\u011f\u0131 E\u011fitmeni. DOI:10.1094\/PHI-I-2005-0217-02)<\/li><li>Couch, H.B. 1995. \u00c7im \u00c7imlerinin Hastal\u0131klar\u0131. Krieger Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k \u015eirketi, Malabar, FL.<\/li><li>Detweiler, A.R., J.M. Vargas, Jr. ve T.K. Danneberger. 1983. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa'n\u0131n iprodione ve benomyl'e kar\u015f\u0131 direnci. Plant Dis. 67: 627-630.<\/li><li>Endo, R.M. 1966. \u00c7im alanlardaki dolar lekesinin azotla kontrol\u00fc ve bunun olas\u0131 temeli. Fitopatoloji 56: 877<\/li><li>Golembiewski, R.C., J.M. Vargas, Jr., A.L. Jones ve A.R. Detweiler. 1995. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131nda demetilasyon inhibit\u00f6r\u00fc (DMI) direncinin saptanmas\u0131. Plant Dis. 79: 491-493.<\/li><li>Goodman, D.M. ve L.L. Burpee. 1991. S\u00fcr\u00fcnen bentgrass'\u0131n dolar lekesi hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n biyolojik kontrol\u00fc. Phytopathology 81: 1438-1446.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. ve C.M. Craft 1991. Dolar lekesinin biyolojik kontrol\u00fc i\u00e7in Enterobacter cloacae su\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n golf sahas\u0131 \u00e7imlerine tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131 ve yerle\u015ftirilmesi. Plant Dis. 75: 510-514.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. ve C.M. Craft. 1992. S\u00fcr\u00fcnen bentgrass ve y\u0131ll\u0131k bluegrass \u00e7imlerinde dolar lekesinin kompost katk\u0131l\u0131 \u00fcst g\u00fcbre ile bast\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131. Plant Dis. 76: 954-958.<\/li><li>Smiley, R.W., P.H. Dernoeden, ve B.B. Clarke. 1992. Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases 2. bask\u0131. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<\/li><li>Smith, J.D., N. Jackson ve A.R. Woolhouse. 1989. \u00c7evre \u00c7im \u00c7imlerinin Mantar Hastal\u0131klar\u0131. E. &amp; F.N. Spon, Ltd. New York, NY.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr. 1994. \u00c7im hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00f6netimi. 2. bask\u0131. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr., R. Golembiewski, ve A.R. Detweiler. 1992. DMI fungisitlerine kar\u015f\u0131 dolar lekesi direnci. Golf Sahas\u0131 Y\u00f6netimi 60: 50-54.<\/li><li>Williams, D.W., A.J. Powell, P. Vincelli ve C.T. Dougherty. 1996. Yaprak y\u00fczey neminin yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, azot ve k\u0131rpman\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131ndan etkilenen bentgrass \u00fczerinde dolar lekesi. Crop Sci. 36: 1304-1309.<\/li><li>Zhou, T. ve G.J. Boland. 1998. Sclerotinia homoeocarpa'n\u0131n hipovir\u00fclent izolatlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan dolar lekesinin bask\u0131lanmas\u0131. Phytopathology 88: 788-794.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e225391 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e225391\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0dca6cb\" data-id=\"0dca6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80ffb8d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"80ffb8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2f3134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2f3134\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-610faa8\" data-id=\"610faa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285ae75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"285ae75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-brown-patch\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d540f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33d540f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kahverengi yama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-777faed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"777faed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sens\u00f6rler:<\/span> Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve Hava s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gerekli<\/p><p>Kahverengi Yama hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131na mantar patojeni neden olur\u00a0<em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>\u00a0ve yaz aylar\u0131nda golf sahalar\u0131nda ve \u00e7imlerde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. En duyarl\u0131 \u00e7im t\u00fcrleri \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu, b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7imler ve\u00a0<em>Festuca arundinacea<\/em>(uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r otu veya Rohrschwingel).<\/p><h3>Belirtiler ve bulgular<\/h3><p>Sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde \u00e7i\u011fle kapl\u0131 \u00e7imde, etken mantar\u0131n beyaz miselyumu genellikle yamadaki \u00e7im yapraklar\u0131 ve saplar\u0131 \u00fczerinde ve aras\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Bazen, yama i\u00e7indeki t\u00fcm \u00e7imler \u00f6l\u00fcr ve bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fc veya \"cep\" etkisi yarat\u0131r. Daha s\u0131k olarak, bu yamalardaki \u00e7im tamamen \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmek yerine inceltilir. Bazen dairesel bir desen g\u00f6r\u00fclmez ve hastal\u0131k yayg\u0131n bir yan\u0131kl\u0131k olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p><p>Uzun boylu \u00e7ay\u0131r otunda, kahverengi yama belirtileri tek tek yapraklarda g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve yamalar halinde olmas\u0131 gerekmez. Yapraklardaki belirtiler, koyu kahverengi s\u0131n\u0131rlarla \u00e7evrili d\u00fczensiz ten rengi veya a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi lezyonlar \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u015eiddetli vakalarda, t\u00fcm me\u015fcere renksiz ve incelmi\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52970 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg\" alt=\"Turf-grass_patch-1\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Ye\u015fil s\u00fcr\u00fcnen bentgrass \u00fczerinde kahverengi yama belirtileri; yaman\u0131n \u00e7evresindeki koyu halkalara dikkat edin (duman halkalar\u0131). Resim kayna\u011f\u0131:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/brown-patch).\">Bitki Bilimi<\/a><\/em><\/p><p>Golf sahas\u0131ndaki kahverengi yaman\u0131n ay\u0131rt edici bir \u00f6zelli\u011fi, yaman\u0131n \u00e7evresinde koyu morumsu halkalar\u0131n bulunmas\u0131d\u0131r. Bunlara duman halkalar\u0131 denir. Duman halkalar\u0131 sabah\u0131n erken saatlerinde daha belirgindir ve genellikle g\u00fcn ortas\u0131nda kaybolur.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52974 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c7im \u00c7im Yamas\u0131\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Uzun \u00e7ay\u0131r yapraklar\u0131nda kahverengi yama belirtileri; koyu kahverengi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 olan d\u00fczensiz, a\u00e7\u0131k kahverengi lezyonlara dikkat edin. Resim kayna\u011f\u0131: <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/managing-turfgrass-diseases\">Bitki Bilimi<\/a><\/em><\/p><h3>Hastal\u0131k d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc<\/h3><p><em>R. solanii<\/em>\u00a0Enfekte \u00e7im dokusu i\u00e7inde ya da toprakta sklerotia ad\u0131 verilen dinlenme organlar\u0131 \u015feklinde k\u0131\u015f\u0131 ge\u00e7irir. Mantar, duyarl\u0131 bir \u00e7imin yoklu\u011funda y\u0131llarca toprakta hayatta kalabilir. Hastal\u0131k aktivitesi \u015fu durumlarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r\u00a0<em>y\u00fczey nemi ve nem oran\u0131 y\u00fcksek<\/em>gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 yukar\u0131da\u00a0<em>20\u00b0C ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 ortalama 27\u00b0C<\/em>\u00a0veya \u00fczeri. Ya\u011fmurlu hava ve doymu\u015f atmosfer (100% ba\u011f\u0131l nem) hastal\u0131k geli\u015fimini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde h\u0131zland\u0131r\u0131r. Hastal\u0131k \u015fiddeti, y\u00fcksek nitrojen seviyeleri ile muhafaza edilen g\u00fcr, etli \u00e7imlerde, orta seviyelerde muhafaza edilen \u00e7imlere g\u00f6re daha fazlad\u0131r.<\/p><h3>K\u00fclt\u00fcrel kontrol<\/h3><p>Kahverengi yama ge\u00e7mi\u015fi bilinen \u00e7imlere s\u0131cak ve nemli havalarda azotlu g\u00fcbre uygulanmas\u0131, hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 kontrol alt\u0131na almak i\u00e7in fungisit uygulamalar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmas\u0131na neden olabilir. Her sabah \u00e7im yapraklar\u0131 \u00fczerinde biriken \u00e7iy veya guttasyon suyunun uzakla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n kahverengi yaman\u0131n azalt\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olarak etkili oldu\u011fu kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu uzakla\u015ft\u0131rma bi\u00e7erek ya da bir su hortumunu alan boyunca s\u00fcr\u00fckleyerek ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilebilir. \u00c7imlerin ak\u015fam karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u00f6nce kurumas\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli sulama zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131lmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p><h3>Kimyasal kontrol<\/h3><p>Mantar ilac\u0131 uygulamas\u0131na yaln\u0131zca y\u00fcksek de\u011ferli \u00e7avdar veya b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f \u00e7im sahalarda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulmal\u0131d\u0131r. Fungisit tedavisi genellikle iyile\u015ftirici olarak yap\u0131l\u0131r; \u00f6zellikle uzun s\u00fcreli s\u0131cak ve nemli hava bekleniyorsa, ilk sprey semptomlar\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan hemen sonra uygulanmal\u0131d\u0131r. Kahverengi yaman\u0131n ye\u015fil alanlarda ciddi incelmeye neden oldu\u011fu b\u00f6lgelerde, \u00f6nleyici fungisit uygulamalar\u0131 hakl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p><p>Hastal\u0131klar i\u00e7in gerekli ko\u015fullar gece 20\u00b0C ve g\u00fcnd\u00fcz 25\u00b0C civar\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar ve y\u00fcksek ba\u011f\u0131l nemdir (ya\u011fmur, \u00e7i\u011f).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aae4c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aae4c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb9d3b8\" data-id=\"eb9d3b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74df0a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d74df0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-768d484 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"768d484\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4774e36\" data-id=\"4774e36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c298dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c298dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-snow-mold\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf7a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbf7a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Kar k\u00fcf\u00fc<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e46e453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e46e453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Kar k\u00fcf\u00fc mantar hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 karlar\u0131n erimesinden sonra erken ilkbaharda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar. \u0130ki t\u00fcr kar k\u00fcf\u00fc (gri ve pembe) kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc alt\u0131nda aktif hale gelir ve mantar\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu\u00a0<em>Typhula spp.<\/em>(gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fc) ve Microdochium nivalis (pembe kar k\u00fcf\u00fc).<\/p><p>Gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fc, toprakta veya enfekte olmu\u015f bitki d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde sklerotia, diren\u00e7li mantar yap\u0131lar\u0131 olarak s\u0131cak yaz s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131nda hayatta kal\u0131rken, pembe kar k\u00fcf\u00fc enfekte olmu\u015f bitki d\u00f6k\u00fcnt\u00fclerinde miselyum veya sporlar olarak hayatta kal\u0131r.<\/p><p>Mantar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi k\u0131\u015f\u0131n, donmam\u0131\u015f zemindeki kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn alt\u0131nda ba\u015flar. B\u00fcy\u00fcme donma noktas\u0131n\u0131n biraz alt\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda ger\u00e7ekle\u015febilir ve \u00e7im serin ve \u0131slak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece kar eridikten sonra da devam edebilir. Gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fc aktivitesi, s\u0131cakl\u0131k 7\u00b0C'yi a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya y\u00fczey kurudu\u011funda durur. Pembe kar k\u00fcf\u00fc aktivitesi, s\u0131cakl\u0131k 0\u00b0C ile 15\u00b0C aras\u0131nda oldu\u011fu s\u00fcrece sonbahar ve ilkbahardaki ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 havalarda devam edebilir.<\/p><h3>Semptomlar<\/h3><p>Belirtiler ilkbaharda karlar eridi\u011finde \u00e7imlerde dairesel, saman renkli lekeler olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. \u00c7im so\u011fuk ve \u0131slak kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00fcrece bu lekeler b\u00fcy\u00fcmeye devam eder. Yama i\u00e7indeki \u00e7im genellikle ke\u00e7ele\u015fmi\u015f bir g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcme ve renkli mantar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesine sahiptir. Mantar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesi t\u00fcm yamay\u0131 kaplayabilir veya kenarlar boyunca geli\u015febilir, gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fc beyaz ila gri renkte ve pembe kar k\u00fcf\u00fc beyaz ila pembe renktedir. Bazen enfekte olmu\u015f \u00e7imlerden mantar meyve g\u00f6vdeleri (mantarlar) \u00e7\u0131kabilir. Pembe de\u011fil gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fc ile enfekte olmu\u015f bitkilerin yapraklar\u0131nda ve ta\u00e7lar\u0131nda sklerotia ad\u0131 verilen sert yap\u0131lar da geli\u015febilir. Sklerotia k\u00fcre \u015feklindedir ve kabaca bir toplu i\u011fne ba\u015f\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcndedir. Bunlar\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gri kar k\u00fcf\u00fcn\u00fc pembe kar k\u00fcf\u00fcnden ay\u0131rt etmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p><p>Kar k\u00fcfleri her y\u0131l ev \u00e7imlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmez, ancak en \u00e7ok erken ve derin bir kar \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn zeminin donmas\u0131n\u0131 engelledi\u011fi y\u0131llarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. So\u011fuk, a\u00e7\u0131k bir k\u0131\u015f kar k\u00fcf\u00fcn\u00fc te\u015fvik etmez, ancak k\u0131\u015f hasar\u0131na neden olabilir. Kar k\u00fcflerinin neden oldu\u011fu hasar nadiren ciddidir. Genel olarak, enfekte olmu\u015f alanlar\u0131n ye\u015fermesi biraz daha yava\u015f olur. Kurumay\u0131 te\u015fvik etmek ve daha fazla mantar b\u00fcy\u00fcmesini \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u00e7imin etkilenen alanlar\u0131n\u0131 hafif\u00e7e t\u0131rm\u0131klay\u0131n. Mantar ila\u00e7lar\u0131 genellikle tavsiye edilmez, ancak ciddi vakalarda \u00f6nleyici bir sprey yararl\u0131 olabilir.<\/p><p>Gelecek y\u0131llarda hasar\u0131 en aza indirmek i\u00e7in a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar at\u0131labilir:<\/p><ul><li>Sonbaharda a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 azotlu g\u00fcbre uygulamalar\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131n.<\/li><li>\u00c7imler art\u0131k aktif olarak b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyene kadar tavsiye edilen y\u00fckseklikte bi\u00e7meye devam edin. \u00c7im ne kadar uzun olursa, matla\u015fma ve kar k\u00fcf\u00fc geli\u015fimini te\u015fvik etme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 o kadar artar.<\/li><li>Sonbaharda yapraklar\u0131 toplay\u0131n.<\/li><li>in\u00e7ten daha fazla birikimleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in saz tabakas\u0131n\u0131 y\u00f6netin.<\/li><li>H\u0131zl\u0131 erimeyi te\u015fvik etmek i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck kar y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131n\u0131 da\u011f\u0131t\u0131n. Sorunlu noktalarda kar birikimini en aza indirmek i\u00e7in kar \u00e7iti kullan\u0131n.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Referans:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Lamey, H. Arthur, Cynthia L. Ash, ve Ward C. Stienstra. 1988. \u00c7im Hastal\u0131klar\u0131, PP-950(ND) veya AG- FO-3386(MN). NDSU Uzatma Servisi, Kuzey Dakota Eyalet \u00dcniversitesi. MN Yay\u0131m Servisi, Minnesota \u00dcniversitesi<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0e15ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0e15ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8821a8\" data-id=\"c8821a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493e9c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"493e9c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-021e9f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"021e9f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa77b81\" data-id=\"fa77b81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c2b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a7c2b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-overseeding\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287b18e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"287b18e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 Tohumlama<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a13f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35a13f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 bir a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tohumlama i\u00e7in \u015funlar\u0131 yapman\u0131z gerekir:<\/p><ul><li>Uygun tohumu se\u00e7in.<\/li><li>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tohumlama i\u00e7in uygun \u015fekilde haz\u0131rlan\u0131n ve zamanlay\u0131n.<\/li><li>Ekilen \u00e7imlerin bak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 dikkatlice yap\u0131n.<\/li><li>Ve ilkbaharda s\u0131cak mevsim \u00e7imlerine geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fc dikkatle y\u00f6netin.<\/li><\/ul><p>Ayr\u0131ca t\u00fcm y\u0131l boyunca sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir s\u0131cak mevsim \u00e7imi muhafaza etmeniz gerekir. Topra\u011f\u0131 verimli tutmak, toprak s\u0131k\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 hafifletmek ve a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 saz olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nlemek \u00f6zellikle \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p><p>Do\u011fru tohum, \u00f6zel ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131za en uygun \u00f6zelliklere sahip \u00e7imdir. Y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otu, geli\u015fmi\u015f kalitesi, stres ve ha\u015fere tolerans\u0131 ve y\u00f6netilebilirli\u011fi nedeniyle yerini h\u0131zla \u00e7ok y\u0131ll\u0131k \u00e7avdar otuna b\u0131rakm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Apron veya Koban gibi fungisitlerle i\u015flenmi\u015f tohumlar da kullan\u0131n. Bu \u00f6zellikle erken sonbahar i\u00e7in ge\u00e7erlidir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc fide yan\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131klar\u0131 bu d\u00f6nemde bir sorun olabilir.<\/p><p>Do\u011fru ekim oran\u0131, nas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnmesini istedi\u011finize ve \u00e7imin ne kadar trafi\u011fe dayanaca\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Trafi\u011fin daha yo\u011fun oldu\u011fu alanlar daha y\u00fcksek tohumlama oranlar\u0131na ihtiya\u00e7 duyar. Ancak, daha y\u00fcksek ekim oranlar\u0131 daha zor bir bahar ge\u00e7i\u015fi anlam\u0131na da gelebilir.<\/p><h3>A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tohumlama i\u00e7in ko\u015fullar<\/h3><ul><li>Toprak s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 4 in\u00e7 derinlikte 24\u00b0C'ye yakla\u015f\u0131yor.<\/li><li>Gece s\u0131cakl\u0131klar\u0131 s\u00fcrekli olarak 10\u00b0C civar\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/li><li>Ortalama g\u00fcn ortas\u0131 s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131 21\u00b0C'nin alt\u0131nda veya y\u0131ll\u0131k ortalama ilk \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc dondan iki ila d\u00f6rt hafta \u00f6nce.<\/li><\/ul><p>Ger\u00e7ek a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 ekimi ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 k\u0131lman\u0131n en iyi yolu iyi bir toprak-tohum temas\u0131 sa\u011flamakt\u0131r. Tohum yata\u011f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131 genellikle hafif dikey bi\u00e7me ve gev\u015fek bitki art\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcp\u00fcr\u00fclmesi veya vakumlanmas\u0131yla birlikte yak\u0131n bi\u00e7me veya t\u0131rpanlamadan olu\u015fur.<\/p><p>Fieldclimate'te SICAK (GPW) veya SO\u011eUK mevsim ot t\u00fcrleriyle (GPC) a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 tohumlama i\u00e7in optimum tarihleri g\u00f6steriyoruz.<\/p><p><em>Kaynaklar:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Gil Landry, PhD, Koordinat\u00f6r - Kentsel Tar\u0131m Merkezi, Georgia \u00dcniversitesi.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0f966b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0f966b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51d79e7\" data-id=\"51d79e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e28ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d6e28ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69b49bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69b49bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u00d6nerilen ekipman<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00c11ec elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00c11ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2cbb57\" data-id=\"b2cbb57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442579e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442579e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Bu \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn potansiyel hastal\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 izlemek i\u00e7in hangi sens\u00f6r setinin gerekli oldu\u011funu kontrol edin.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1f8908\" data-id=\"b1f8908\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34de458 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34de458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">ELEKTRONIK TABLOYU INDIR<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. 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