{"id":49909,"date":"2022-12-20T13:25:45","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T13:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49909"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:42:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:42:57","slug":"virtual-sensors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/virtual-sensors\/","title":{"rendered":"Senzori virtuali"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49909\" class=\"elementor elementor-49909\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bfe4d00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bfe4d00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a231ae5\" data-id=\"a231ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3c8e77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3c8e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">SENZORI VIRTUALI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e7d5b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e7d5b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a76537e\" data-id=\"a76537e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02b6b47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02b6b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#vpd\">DEFICIT DE PRESIUNE DE VAPORI<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09fa2b5\" data-id=\"09fa2b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af56434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af56434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#dew\">DEW POINT<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62388b8\" data-id=\"62388b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09e18d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09e18d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#delta-t\">DELTA T<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8e9f5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8e9f5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4ec0f1\" data-id=\"a4ec0f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a17ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31a17ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#pore-ec\">PORE CE<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8361b82\" data-id=\"8361b82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f50a85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f50a85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#evapotranspiration\">EVAPOTRANSPIRA\u021aIE<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebdb6de\" data-id=\"ebdb6de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07b983 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07b983\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ede99c\" data-id=\"2ede99c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a4e512 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7a4e512\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d28938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d28938\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6ff70\" data-id=\"5a6ff70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0690020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0690020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"vpd\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec8155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ec8155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VPD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd0f9c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd0f9c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans Condensed'; font-size: 17px;\">1. INTRODUCERE<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>CE ESTE DEFICITUL DE PRESIUNE DE VAPORI?<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\nDac\u0103 ave\u021bi un METOS<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> dispozitiv cu senzor hygroclip (temperatura aerului \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103) acum pute\u021bi vedea \u0219i valorile deficitului de presiune de vapori \u0219i graficul \u00een <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.FieldClimate.com\">FieldClimate<\/a>.<\/span> Deficitul de presiune de vapori (VPD) este o valoare calculat\u0103 din umiditatea relativ\u0103 \u0219i temperatura aerului \u0219i este \u00een str\u00e2ns\u0103 leg\u0103tur\u0103 cu evapotranspira\u021bia.\n<\/br><\/br>\nVPD este o indica\u021bie care ia \u00een considerare efectul temperaturilor asupra capacit\u0103\u021bii de re\u021binere a apei din aer, care este cea care determin\u0103 transpira\u021bia suprafe\u021bei frunzelor (transpira\u021bia are loc atunci c\u00e2nd presiunea apei din frunze este mai mare dec\u00e2t presiunea vaporilor de aer).\n<\/br><\/br>\nEste diferen\u021ba dintre cantitatea de umiditate din aer \u0219i cantitatea de umiditate pe care aerul o poate re\u021bine atunci c\u00e2nd este saturat (100 % RH). Atunci c\u00e2nd aerul este saturat (vaporii \u00eencep s\u0103 se condenseze) se vor forma nori, se va forma rou\u0103 \u0219i va ap\u0103rea umezeala frunzelor.\n<\/br><\/br>\nDac\u0103 avem <strong>VPD sc\u0103zut<\/strong>, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 <strong>RH<\/strong> este <strong>mare<\/strong> \u0219i <strong>transpira\u021bie<\/strong> este <strong>sc\u0103zut<\/strong>, avem \u0219i umezeal\u0103 de frunze.\n<\/br><\/br>\nDac\u0103 avem <strong>VPD ridicat<\/strong>, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 <strong>RH<\/strong> este <strong>sc\u0103zut<\/strong>, nu exist\u0103 umezeal\u0103 \u00een frunze, iar plantele trebuie s\u0103 atrag\u0103 mai mult\u0103 ap\u0103 cu r\u0103d\u0103cinile - <strong>transpira\u021bie ridicat\u0103<\/strong>.\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-table.jpg\" alt=\"Tabelul VPD\" width=\"521\" height=\"599\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\nTabelul 1: Presiunea de vapori (mBar) la diferite temperaturi (\u00b0C) \u0219i umidit\u0103\u021bi relative ale aerului (%).\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>DE CE ESTE NEVOIE PENTRU CALCUL?<\/strong><\/br>\n- Temperatura aerului (de la HC)<\/br>\n- Umiditate relativ\u0103 (de la HC)\n<\/br><\/br>\nApoi putem calcula presiunea de satura\u021bie. Presiunea de satura\u021bie poate fi consultat\u0103 \u00eentr-o diagram\u0103 psihrometric\u0103 sau derivat\u0103 din ecua\u021bia lui Arrhenius, o modalitate de a o calcula direct din temperatur\u0103 este:\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-chart.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-chart\" width=\"622\" height=\"456\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 622px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 622\/456;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>Figura 1:<\/strong> Graficul psihrometric\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>CUM SE ARAT\u0102 \u00ceN FieldClimate?<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/VPD-graph.jpg\" alt=\"Grafic VPD \u00een FieldClimate\" width=\"1575\" height=\"458\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1575px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1575\/458;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>Figura 2:<\/strong> Diagrama VPD pe FieldClimate care indic\u0103 deficitul de presiune de vapori (mBar), temperatura aerului (\u00b0C) \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103 (%).\n<\/br><\/br>\n&nbsp;\n<h4><strong>2. CAZURI DE UTILIZARE<\/strong><\/h4>\n<strong>2.1 VPD Prea mare (umiditate prea mic\u0103)<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\nRata de evapotranspira\u021bie a frunzelor poate dep\u0103\u0219i aportul de ap\u0103 prin r\u0103d\u0103cini - stomatele se vor \u00eenchide, iar fotosinteza va \u00eencetini sau se va opri. Frunzele risc\u0103 s\u0103 fie r\u0103nite de temperaturi ridicate, deoarece r\u0103cirea prin evaporare este redus\u0103.\n<\/br><\/br>\nPentru a evita r\u0103nirea \u0219i moartea din cauza ofilirii, multe specii de plante \u00ee\u0219i vor curba frunzele sau le vor orienta \u00een jos, \u00een \u00eencercarea de a expune o suprafa\u021b\u0103 mai mic\u0103 la soare. Acest lucru poate deprecia calitatea plantelor \u00een ghiveci \u0219i a celor cu frunze \u0219i poate reduce, de asemenea, rata de cre\u0219tere \u0219i calitatea culturilor de legume.\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-ranges-rh-temp.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-ranges-rh-temp\" width=\"430\" height=\"361\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 430px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 430\/361;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-ranges.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-ranges\" width=\"388\" height=\"167\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 388px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 388\/167;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.2 VPD Prea mic (umiditate prea mare)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Plantele nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 evapore suficient\u0103 ap\u0103 pentru a permite transportul mineralelor (calciu) c\u0103tre celulele plantelor \u00een cre\u0219tere, chiar dac\u0103 stomatele sunt complet deschise.<\/li>\n \t<li>La un VPD extrem de sc\u0103zut, apa se poate condensa pe frunze, fructe \u0219i alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale plantelor. Acest lucru poate constitui un mediu propice pentru dezvoltarea ciupercilor \u0219i a bolilor.<\/li>\n \t<li>La un VPD sc\u0103zut poate ap\u0103rea \u0219i guta\u021bia (plantele exud\u0103 ap\u0103 din celulele frunzelor).<\/li>\n \t<li>Atunci c\u00e2nd plantele nu reu\u0219esc s\u0103 evapore apa, presiunea excesiv\u0103 a turgescen\u021bei \u00een interiorul celulelor poate provoca ruperea \u0219i cr\u0103parea fructelor (de exemplu, a ro\u0219iilor).<\/li>\n \t<li>\u00cen cazurile \u00een care VPD alterneaz\u0103 \u00eentre un nivel prea ridicat \u0219i unul prea sc\u0103zut, calitatea fructelor poate fi afectat\u0103 negativ prin cr\u0103p\u0103turi de contrac\u021bie la nivelul pieli\u021bei fructului, deoarece presiunea de turgescen\u021b\u0103 extinde \u0219i contract\u0103 alternativ celulele pline de ap\u0103 din fruct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.3 UTILIZAREA VPD \u00ceN GR\u0102DINI\u021a\u0102<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>1.<\/strong> Buta\u0219i nou \u00eenr\u0103d\u0103cina\u021bi, r\u0103saduri abia germinate sau plante tinere, cu frunzi\u0219 limitat \u0219i un sistem radicular mic. Aceste plante ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 o transpira\u021bie redus\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t trebuie s\u0103 le men\u021binem la un VPD sc\u0103zut (4 - 8 mbar), pentru a ob\u021bine o umiditate relativ\u0103 ridicat\u0103 (\u00een func\u021bie de temperatur\u0103).\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.<\/strong> Plante bine stabilite, cu frunzi\u0219 \u0219i sistem radicular dezvoltat. Aceste plante ar trebui s\u0103 aib\u0103 un VPD mai mare (8 - 12 mbar), ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 men\u021binem o umiditate relativ\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 (\u00een func\u021bie de temperatur\u0103) \u0219i c\u0103 avem o transpira\u021bie ridicat\u0103. Cu asta am reu\u0219it:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Plante mai s\u0103n\u0103toase, din cauza presiunii mai sc\u0103zute a bolilor (umiditate relativ\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103).<\/li>\n \t<li>Absorb\u021bie mai mare de nutrien\u021bi, datorit\u0103 unei activit\u0103\u021bi mai intense a sistemului radicular (transpira\u021bie ridicat\u0103), precum \u0219i absorb\u021bie mai mare de ap\u0103.<\/li>\n \t<li>Dac\u0103 men\u021binem un VPD ridicat la o temperatur\u0103 mai sc\u0103zut\u0103 (umiditate relativ\u0103 mai mare), vom evita stresul de transpira\u021bie.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64c5074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64c5074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7155275\" data-id=\"7155275\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcfbd53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bcfbd53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"dew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dfb758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6dfb758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DEW POINT<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ba4b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ba4b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Punctul de rou\u0103 este temperatura la care aerul este saturat cu vapori de ap\u0103. Atunci c\u00e2nd aerul a atins temperatura punctului de rou\u0103 la o anumit\u0103 presiune, vaporii de ap\u0103 din aer se afl\u0103 \u00een echilibru cu apa lichid\u0103, ceea ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 vaporii de ap\u0103 se condenseaz\u0103 cu aceea\u0219i vitez\u0103 cu care se evapor\u0103 apa lichid\u0103.<\/p><p>Sub punctul de rou\u0103, apa lichid\u0103 va \u00eencepe s\u0103 se condenseze pe suprafe\u021be solide (cum ar fi firele de iarb\u0103) sau \u00een jurul particulelor solide din atmosfer\u0103 (cum ar fi praful sau sarea), form\u00e2nd nori sau cea\u021b\u0103. Dac\u0103 umiditatea relativ\u0103 este 100%, temperatura punctului de rou\u0103 este aceea\u0219i cu temperatura aerului. Astfel, aerul este saturat. Dac\u0103 temperatura scade, dar cantitatea de vapori de ap\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne constant\u0103, apa va \u00eencepe s\u0103 se condenseze. Aceast\u0103 ap\u0103 condensat\u0103 se nume\u0219te rou\u0103 de \u00eendat\u0103 ce se formeaz\u0103 pe o suprafa\u021b\u0103 solid\u0103. Se exprim\u0103 \u00een grade Celsius (\u00b0C), precum \u0219i \u00een grade Fahrenheit (\u00b0F).<\/p><p><strong><em>Aplica\u021bii<\/em><\/strong><br \/>Temperatura punctului de rou\u0103 poate fi utilizat\u0103 pentru a prezice c\u00e2nd un\u00a0<strong>\u00eenghe\u021b radiant<\/strong>\u00a0va avea loc. De exemplu, dac\u0103 cerul este senin, v\u00e2ntul sufl\u0103 u\u0219or, iar temperatura aerului la ora 18:00 este de 7,2 \u00b0C (45\u00b0F), dar punctul de rou\u0103 este de -2,2\u00b0C (28\u00b0F), atunci exist\u0103 posibilitatea apari\u021biei unui \u00eenghe\u021b ucig\u0103tor. Din nou, acesta este poten\u021bialul p\u00e2n\u0103 la care temperatura poate sc\u0103dea \u00een condi\u021bii ideale, dar cel mai probabil nu este temperatura minim\u0103 real\u0103.<\/p><p>Punctele de rou\u0103 ridicate pot fi folosite ca un\u00a0<strong>predic\u021bia vremii severe<\/strong>. Cu c\u00e2t punctul de rou\u0103 este mai ridicat, cu at\u00e2t mai mult\u0103 umiditate \u00een aer pentru dezvoltarea de vreme sever\u0103. Dac\u0103 punctele de rou\u0103 sunt sub 13\u00b0C (55\u00b0F), condi\u021biile sunt \u00een general\u00a0<strong>stabil<\/strong>, dac\u0103 temperaturile sunt \u00een jur de 18\u00b0C (\u00eentre 55 \u0219i 64\u00b0F) semiumede \u0219i\u00a0<strong>semi instabil<\/strong>, \u00een jur de 18\u00b0C (65 - 74\u00b0F) umed\u0103 \u0219i\u00a0<strong>instabil\u0103<\/strong>\u00a0\u0219i la peste 23\u00b0C (74\u00b0F) foarte umed \u0219i\u00a0<strong>foarte instabil<\/strong>. Exist\u0103 o serie de al\u021bi factori necesari pentru vremea sever\u0103, dar temperatura punctului de rou\u0103 este un factor important.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b37f89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b37f89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-460ee1f\" data-id=\"460ee1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db2aee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"db2aee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"delta-t\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f791dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f791dbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DELTA T<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47bd91d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47bd91d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a name=\"overview\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>1.PREZENTARE GENERAL\u0102<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>CE ESTE DELTA T?<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Calculul Delta T necesit\u0103 un senzor hygroclip (temperatura aerului \u0219i umiditate relativ\u0103) instalat pe METOS.<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> sta\u021bie: datele pot fi vizualizate pe FieldClimate \u00een diagrame \u0219i tabele cu o rezolu\u021bie detaliat\u0103.<\/li><li>Este o m\u0103sur\u0103 care ia \u00een considerare efectele combinate ale temperaturii \u0219i umidit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i care indic\u0103 dac\u0103 condi\u021biile climatice sunt adecvate pentru pulverizare, pentru a maximiza performan\u021ba pesticidelor (A. MacGregor, 2010).<\/li><li>Intervalul optim Delta T este cuprins \u00eentre 2\u00b0C \u0219i 8\u00b0C.<\/li><li>De\u0219i se poate aplica pe tot parcursul anului, se utilizeaz\u0103 \u00een special vara, deoarece temperaturile ridicate \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103 sc\u0103zut\u0103 limiteaz\u0103 timpul de pulverizare.<\/li><li>Continua\u021bi s\u0103 monitoriza\u021bi citirea Delta T \u0219i stabili\u021bi un program eficient de pulverizare. Condi\u021biile meteorologice se pot schimba rapid \u00een timpul zilei, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t posibilitatea de a monitoriza delta T poate contribui la \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021birea performan\u021bei pesticidelor.<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40727 size-medium aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip-300x244.png\" alt=\"Pessl Instruments Hygroclip (temperatura aerului \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103)\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip.png 716w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/244;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Figura 1:<\/strong> Temperatura aerului \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103 Senzor Hygroclip<\/p><p><a name=\"delta-t-calculations\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>2. CALCULELE DELTA T<\/strong><\/h4><h4>Senzori necesari:<\/h4><ul><li>Temperatura aerului (de la clema higroscopic\u0103)<\/li><li>Umiditatea relativ\u0103 (de la higroclip)<\/li><\/ul><p>Delta T se calculeaz\u0103 prin sc\u0103derea temperaturii de bulb umed din temperatura de bulb uscat.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-49932 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations.png\" alt=\"Calculele Delta T\" width=\"550\" height=\"484\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations.png 770w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-768x676.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-14x12.png 14w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/484;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Figura 2:<\/strong> Rela\u021bia dintre Delta T \u0219i temperatura \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103. O recomandare obi\u0219nuit\u0103 de pulverizare este de a pulveriza atunci c\u00e2nd Delta T este cuprins\u0103 \u00eentre 2 \u0219i 8, cu pruden\u021b\u0103 sub 2 sau peste 10 (zone galbene). O valoare Delta T de peste 8\u00b0C este asociat\u0103 cu temperaturi mai ridicate \u0219i umiditate mai sc\u0103zut\u0103, iar dac\u0103 este mai mic\u0103 de 2\u00b0C este legat\u0103 de valori ridicate ale umidit\u0103\u021bii relative. Sursa: Adaptat de Gramae Tepper (2012), provenit ini\u021bial din graficul de decizii privind pulveriz\u0103rile de la Nufarm.<\/p><p><a name=\"delta-t-in-fieldclimate\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>3. DELTA T \u00ceN C\u00c2MPUL CLIMATIC<\/strong><\/h4><p>Delta T este integrat\u0103 \u00een <strong>Pulverizarea ferestrei climatice<\/strong>. Este disponibil\u0103 ca o prognoz\u0103 precis\u0103 pe 7 zile, calculat\u0103 pe baz\u0103 orar\u0103 \u0219i calibrat\u0103 cu date on-side de la METOS.<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> sta\u021bie.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49934 lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t.jpg\" alt=\"FieldClimate-delta t\" width=\"1608\" height=\"464\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t.jpg 1608w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-1024x295.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-768x222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-1536x443.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-18x5.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1608px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1608\/464;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Figura 3:<\/strong> Tendin\u021ba Delta T \u00een raport cu temperatura aerului \u0219i umiditatea relativ\u0103 \u00een <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fieldclimate.com\/\">FieldClimate<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><a name=\"how-to-use-it\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>4. CUM SE UTILIZEAZ\u0102<\/strong><\/h4><p>\u00cenainte de fiecare stropire, este necesar\u0103 o citire la fa\u021ba locului a condi\u021biilor meteorologice, \u00een special se recomand\u0103 \u00eentotdeauna o citire \u00een timp real a Delta T.<\/p><ul><li>Seta\u021bi un prag minim sau maxim pentru avertizarea prin SMS. Citirea \u00een timp real Delta T este actualizat\u0103 la fiecare 5 minute.<\/li><li>Pentru o aplicare mai eficient\u0103 a pulveriz\u0103rii, combina\u021bi Delta T cu mai mul\u021bi parametri meteorologici, de exemplu viteza \u0219i direc\u021bia v\u00e2ntului: evita\u021bi v\u00e2ntul variabil, \u00een rafale sau prea calm.<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49935 lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1393\" height=\"579\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t.jpg 1393w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-1024x426.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-768x319.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-18x7.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1393px) 100vw, 1393px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1393px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1393\/579;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Figura 4:<\/strong> Introduce\u021bi valorile marginale Delta T \u00een FieldClimate.<\/p><p><strong><a>DELTA T PREA MIC\u0102<\/a><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Supravie\u021buirea pic\u0103turilor va fi foarte lung\u0103, ceea ce duce la un poten\u021bial crescut de deriv\u0103 - evita\u021bi pulverizarea cu RH&gt;95%.<\/li><li>Pulverizarea nu se va scurge de pe frunze din cauza roua sau a ce\u021bii.<\/li><li>Evita\u021bi pulverizarea \u00een condi\u021bii de v\u00e2nt lini\u0219tit - stratul de inversiune se ridic\u0103 \u00een deriv\u0103.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><a>DELTA T PREA MARE<\/a><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Evita\u021bi valorile mai mari de 10\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Evita\u021bi pulverizarea la temperaturi ale aerului de peste 28\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Impactul poten\u021bial at\u00e2t asupra supravie\u021buirii pic\u0103turilor, c\u00e2t \u0219i asupra ratei de evaporare: pic\u0103turile de pulverizare se vor evapora de pe frunza plantei \u00eenainte de a avea timp s\u0103 p\u0103trund\u0103 \u00een \u021besutul plantei.<\/li><li>Situa\u021bii stresante pentru aplicarea erbicidelor.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d205af1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d205af1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15ba5c9\" data-id=\"15ba5c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcc9518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bcc9518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"pore-ec\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed35da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ed35da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PORE CE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5306f92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5306f92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pentru senzorul Decagon 5TE, este acum posibil s\u0103 se calculeze \u00een FieldClimate CE a porilor \u00een conformitate cu metoda ilustrat\u0103 \u00een <em>Operatori 5TE. Manual versiunea 3 - Decagon<\/em>, form\u0103 derivat\u0103 Hilhorst, M.A. 2000. Pentru a activa calculul, trebuie s\u0103 \u00eel activa\u021bi \u00een <em>Configura\u021bia umidit\u0103\u021bii solului<\/em> a\u0219a cum este indicat \u00een figura 1. Calculul necesit\u0103 un termen de decalaj, pe care Decagon recomand\u0103 s\u0103 se stabileasc\u0103 la valoarea 6. Aceasta este, de asemenea, valoarea implicit\u0103 inserat\u0103 \u00een FieldClimate, dar este posibil s\u0103 o modifica\u021bi \u00een caseta relativ\u0103 indicat\u0103 \u00een Fig. 1, deoarece Hilhorst aplic\u0103 pentru diferite soluri \u0219i medii valori \u00eentre 1,9 \u0219i 7,6 \u0219i sugereaz\u0103 s\u0103 se utilizeze o valoare medie de 4,1.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49942 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"214\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec.png 625w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec-18x6.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 625px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 625\/214;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Figura 1<\/strong> - Numai pentru senzorul Decagon 5TE: activarea calculului CE a porilor \u0219i setarea termenului de compensare.<\/p><p><strong>NOT\u0102 IMPORTANT\u0102:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Nu uita\u021bi c\u0103 CE \u00een vrac, CE \u00een pori \u0219i CE \u00een solu\u021bie sunt variabile diferite.<\/li><li>Modelul aplicat nu poate fi utilizat pe sol uscat. Ca regul\u0103 general\u0103, modelul se aplic\u0103 pentru majoritatea solurilor normale \u0219i a altor substraturi, dac\u0103 VWC &gt; 10% . \u00cen orice caz, calculul este valabil numai \u00een cazul unei permitivit\u0103\u021bi aparente mai mari dec\u00e2t termenul de compensare.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e1b814 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e1b814\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba636a8\" data-id=\"ba636a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a34794e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a34794e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"evapotranspiration\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf9f80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bf9f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EVAPOTRANSPIRA\u021aIE<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d19f3cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d19f3cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Evapotranspira\u021bia zilnic\u0103 ET0 este calculat\u0103 cu ajutorul ecua\u021biei FAO-56 Penman-Monteith \u0219i necesit\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103tori (senzori) pentru:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura aerului<\/li><li>Umiditatea aerului<\/li><li>Radia\u021bia solar\u0103<\/li><li>Viteza v\u00e2ntului<\/li><\/ul><p>ET0 ne permite s\u0103 \u0219tim de c\u00e2t\u0103 ap\u0103 are nevoie planta pentru a cre\u0219te \u00een fiecare zi, pe baza cererii atmosferice. Aceast\u0103 ap\u0103 provine din umiditatea solului din zona r\u0103d\u0103cinilor \u0219i\/sau din precipita\u021bii. \u00centr-o zi cald\u0103 obi\u0219nuit\u0103, o cultur\u0103 de porumb poate folosi \u00eentre 7 \u0219i 9 mm sau aproximativ 1\/3 de inch de ap\u0103. \u00centr-o s\u0103pt\u0103m\u00e2n\u0103, aceasta ar putea folosi \u00eentre 30 \u0219i 50 mm de ap\u0103. Acest lucru ne permite s\u0103 planific\u0103m c\u00e2t de mult\u0103 ap\u0103 poten\u021bial\u0103 este necesar\u0103 pentru a men\u021bine s\u0103n\u0103tatea \u0219i randamentul culturii.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49949 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration.jpg\" alt=\"ET-evapotranspira\u021bie zilnic\u0103\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-18x9.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/511;\" \/><\/p><p>O alt\u0103 metod\u0103 de evaluare a ratelor de evapotranspira\u021bie este utilizarea de t\u0103vi de evapotranspira\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VIRTUAL SENSORS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT DEW POINT DELTA T PORE EC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VPD 1. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT? If you have a METOS\u00ae device with hygroclip sensor (air temperature and relative humidity) now you can also see Vapour pressure deficit values and chart in FieldClimate. Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a value calculated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49909","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/virtual-sensors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ro_RO\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VIRTUAL SENSORS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT DEW POINT DELTA T PORE EC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VPD 1. 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Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a value calculated [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/virtual-sensors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-04T10:42:57+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-table.jpg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Timp estimat pentru citire\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"10 minute\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/\",\"name\":\"Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/vpd-table.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-20T13:25:45+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-04T10:42:57+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/vpd-table.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/vpd-table.jpg\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/virtual-sensors\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Virtual sensors\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"description\":\"Turning Information into profits since 1984.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"METOS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"alternateName\":\"Pessl Instruments\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ro-RO\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png\",\"width\":2652,\"height\":795,\"caption\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Senzori virtuali - METOS de Pessl Instruments","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/virtual-sensors\/","og_locale":"ro_RO","og_type":"article","og_title":"Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments","og_description":"VIRTUAL SENSORS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT DEW POINT DELTA T PORE EC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VPD 1. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT? If you have a METOS\u00ae device with hygroclip sensor (air temperature and relative humidity) now you can also see Vapour pressure deficit values and chart in FieldClimate. 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