{"id":46982,"date":"2022-08-05T11:39:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T11:39:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=46982"},"modified":"2023-06-21T08:02:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:02:58","slug":"disease-models-blackberry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/disease-models-blackberry\/","title":{"rendered":"Modele de boli - mure"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"46982\" class=\"elementor elementor-46982\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba804d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba804d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7939599\" data-id=\"7939599\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f28039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f28039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-46984\" alt=\"Tufi\u0219 de mure\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry-300x55.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry-1024x187.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry-768x140.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Blackberry-1536x280.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2188fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2188fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7979a52\" data-id=\"7979a52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a5554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47a5554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Blackberry<\/b> modele de boli\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1d4b03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1d4b03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bfb4bf\" data-id=\"4bfb4bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c379d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02c379d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#blackberry-ripe-rot\">PUTREGAIUL COPT AL MURELOR -<\/br><em>Colletotrichum acutatum<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb116ba\" data-id=\"fb116ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3749fdb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3749fdb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grey-mould\">MOULD GREY -<\/br><em>B. cinerea<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4df9cff\" data-id=\"4df9cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b63825 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b63825\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3a6b8a\" data-id=\"f3a6b8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92458b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f92458b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Echipament recomandat<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d20f7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d20f7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43255f3\" data-id=\"43255f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35615a5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"35615a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c958cf6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c958cf6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-beef7ba\" data-id=\"beef7ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe505f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"fe505f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"blackberry-ripe-rot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2a120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d2a120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Blackberry Ripe rot<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c16d255 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c16d255\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Agentul patogen fungic\u00a0<em>Colletotrichum acutatum<\/em>\u00a0cauze\u00a0<strong>Antracnoza afinului (putregaiul maturit\u0103\u021bii)<\/strong>\u00a0pe fructele de pre \u0219i post-recolt\u0103 ale afinului de tip Highbush. Boala este prezent\u0103 \u00een toate zonele de produc\u021bie de afine \u0219i are un impact important \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te reducerea duratei de conservare a fructelor \u0219i calitatea slab\u0103 a fructelor proaspete de pe pia\u021b\u0103.<\/p><h3>Simptomele<\/h3><p>Afinele sunt sensibile la acest agent patogen fungic. Boabele nu dezvolt\u0103 simptome p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd nu sunt mature sau coapte. Primele simptome sunt observate aproape de sf\u00e2r\u0219itul \u00eenfloritului pe fructele coapte, sub forma unor zone \u00eentunecate, ad\u00e2ncite. Aceast\u0103 zon\u0103 infectat\u0103 se poate \u00eencre\u021bi cu timpul. \u00cen c\u00e2teva zile, pe aceste zone scufundate se observ\u0103 mase de spori umede, de culoare portocalie-somonic\u0103 str\u0103lucitoare, umede. Masele lipicioase de spori se r\u0103sp\u00e2ndesc la alte fructe de p\u0103dure prin ploaie, irigare, stropire cu ap\u0103, v\u00e2nt \u0219i contacte \u00een timpul recolt\u0103rii. Ciuperca patogen\u0103 infecteaz\u0103 toate etapele plantei: frunze, muguri, crengu\u021be \u0219i trestii. L\u0103starii \u0219i frunzele noi pot deveni v\u0103t\u0103mate \u00een prim\u0103var\u0103. Crengu\u021bele se infecteaz\u0103 prin transferul sporilor de la mugurii infecta\u021bi. Pe trestiile tinere se dezvolt\u0103 leziuni de culoare maro \u00eenchis, asem\u0103n\u0103toare unor canistre, cu corpuri de fructe.<\/p><h3>Ciclul bolii<\/h3><p>Ciuperca patogen\u0103 ierneaz\u0103 \u00een crengi \u0219i \u00een mugurii de flori, \u00een muguri \u0219i \u00een ciorchini. Prim\u0103vara, ciuperca produce spori, care sunt \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tia\u021bi prin ploaie, iriga\u021bii \u0219i stropi de ap\u0103. Infec\u021biile apar la o temperatur\u0103 optim\u0103 de 12-27\u00b0C \u0219i la o perioad\u0103 de umezeal\u0103 a frunzelor mai mare de 12 ore. Fructul poate fi infectat \u00een orice moment, de\u0219i infec\u021biile sunt vizibile (simptome observate) abia atunci c\u00e2nd fructul este matur. Ciuperca p\u0103trunde \u00een fruct \u0219i r\u0103m\u00e2ne latent\u0103 p\u00e2n\u0103 c\u00e2nd boabele \u00eencep s\u0103 se coac\u0103. \u00cen acest moment, ciuperca \u00eencepe s\u0103 colonizeze zona infectat\u0103 \u0219i s\u0103 produc\u0103 enzime cu distrugerea pere\u021bilor celulari ai plantei. Aceste celule deteriorate \u00ee\u0219i pierd con\u021binutul \u0219i integritatea (simptomele se v\u0103d ca zone scufundate \u0219i zb\u00e2rcite). Ciorchinii de fructe consumate ar putea fi infecta\u021bi dup\u0103 recoltare. \u00cen FieldClimate.com infec\u021biile slabe, moderate \u0219i severe sunt calculate \u00een func\u021bie de parametrii temperatur\u0103, umezeal\u0103 foliar\u0103 \u0219i precipita\u021bii. Ori de c\u00e2te ori sunt atinse 100 % de infec\u021bii, condi\u021biile pentru o infec\u021bie slab\u0103\/moderat\u0103 sau sever\u0103 au fost \u00eendeplinite.<\/p><p><em>Literatur\u0103:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Peres N.A., Timmer L.W., Adaskaveg J.E., Correll J.C. (2005): Lifestyles of Colletotrichum acutatum. Plant Disease, Vol.89 (8), 784-796.<\/li><li>Wharton P.S., Di\u00e8guez-Uribeondo(2004): Biologia Colletotricum acutatum. Anales del Jardin Botanicode Madrid 61(1).<\/li><li>Gillett J.M., Schilder A. C. (2009): Cerin\u021be de mediu pentru infectarea fructelor de afine de c\u0103tre Colletotricum acutatum. Proc. IxthIS on Vaccinium.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-683ba3d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"683ba3d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b2a0a8\" data-id=\"1b2a0a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f4f823 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6f4f823\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8665dd5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8665dd5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31b9654\" data-id=\"31b9654\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9943085 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"9943085\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grey-mould\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12bc497 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"12bc497\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mucegai gri<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdf8052 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fdf8052\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Botrytis cinerea este o ciuperc\u0103 necrotrof\u0103 care afecteaz\u0103 multe specii de plante, de\u0219i cele mai importante gazde ale sale sunt strugurii.<\/p><p>\u00cen viticultur\u0103, este cunoscut\u0103 sub numele de putregaiul botrytis al ciorchinilor; \u00een horticultur\u0103, este denumit\u0103 de obicei mucegai cenu\u0219iu sau mucegai cenu\u0219iu.<\/p><p>Ciuperca d\u0103 na\u0219tere la dou\u0103 tipuri diferite de infec\u021bii ale strugurilor. Prima, putregaiul cenu\u0219iu, este rezultatul unor condi\u021bii de umezeal\u0103 constant\u0103 \u0219i, de obicei, duce la pierderea ciorchinilor afecta\u021bi. Cel de-al doilea, putregaiul nobil, apare atunci c\u00e2nd condi\u021biile mai uscate urmeaz\u0103 celor mai umede \u0219i poate avea ca rezultat vinuri dulci de desert deosebite, precum Sauternes sau Asz\u00fa de Tokaj. Numele speciei Botrytis cinerea provine din latin\u0103 \u0219i \u00eenseamn\u0103 \"struguri ca cenu\u0219a\"; de\u0219i este poetic, \"strugurii\" se refer\u0103 la ciorchinele de spori de ciuperci pe conidioforii lor, iar \"cenu\u0219a\" se refer\u0103 doar la culoarea cenu\u0219ie a maselor de spori. Ciuperca este denumit\u0103 de obicei prin numele de anamorf\u0103 (form\u0103 asexuat\u0103), deoarece faza sexual\u0103 este rar observat\u0103. Teleomorful (forma sexual\u0103) este un ascomicete, Botryotinia cinerea.<\/p><h4>Biologia lui B. cinerea<\/h4><p>\u00cen cazul fructelor \u0219i strugurilor, infec\u021biile din flori urmate de laten\u021b\u0103 au un mare impact asupra epidemiologiei mucegaiului cenu\u0219iu. Pot fi separate mai multe c\u0103i de infec\u021bie de la floare la fruct. La struguri, kiwi \u0219i zmeur\u0103, s-a emis ipoteza unei infec\u021bii prin intermediul stiletului \u00een ovule. \u00cen ovulul, agentul patogen r\u0103m\u00e2ne latent, ceea ce pare a fi rezultatul unei strategii de ap\u0103rare preformate a gazdei (similar cu con\u021binutul de resveratrol din boabele tinere de struguri). La struguri, kiwi \u0219i c\u0103p\u0219uni, infec\u021biile prin stamine, petale sau septalii au fost considerate importante. \u00cen cazul strugurilor, studiile au ar\u0103tat c\u0103 B. cinerea poate infecta staminele \u0219i se dezvolt\u0103 bazipetal pentru a infecta receptaculul \u0219i apoi se dezvolt\u0103 sistemic p\u00e2n\u0103 la pedicel \u0219i \u021besuturile vasculare din boabe.<\/p><p>Un proiect de cercetare de 6 ani \u00een zona Cape a ar\u0103tat c\u0103 boabele de struguri pot fi infectate prin stoma \u0219i lenticelii pedicelului \u0219i, \u00eentr-o m\u0103sur\u0103 mai mic\u0103, prin rahis. Infec\u021biile pedicelului sunt posibile \u0219i \u00een timpul perioadei de \u00eenflorire. Ulterior, acest \u021besut cre\u0219te rezisten\u021ba \u00eempotriva<\/p><p>Alte c\u0103i de infec\u021bie care postuleaz\u0103 dezvoltarea saprofit\u0103 a agentului patogen pe resturile florale \u0219i infectarea ulterioar\u0103 a boabelor atunci c\u00e2nd sensibilitatea cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu maturarea sau \u00een urma distrugerii boabelor de c\u0103tre insecte sau grindin\u0103. O alt\u0103 tez\u0103 este cea a acumul\u0103rii de conidii \u00een fructe \u00een timpul verii \u0219i infectarea boabelor sensibile mai t\u00e2rziu \u00een sezon. Infec\u021bia conidial\u0103 a fructelor \u00een curs de coacere este posibil\u0103 din orice surs\u0103 de inoculum. Cel mai probabil, se formeaz\u0103 un num\u0103r mic de boabe infectate \u00een mod latent, care prezint\u0103 o sporula\u021bie extins\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd sensibilitatea boabelor cre\u0219te odat\u0103 cu maturitatea. Se poate presupune c\u0103 boabele devin sensibile \u00eencep\u00e2nd cu un con\u021binut de zah\u0103r de 6%.<\/p><p>\u00cen cazul kiwi, condi\u021biile de recoltare au un mare impact asupra apari\u021biei B. cinerea. Fructele culese cu o suprafa\u021b\u0103 umed\u0103 pot fi infectate de B. cinerea la nivelul microleziunilor stabilite de degetele culeg\u0103torilor.<\/p><p>\u00cen controlul practic al\u00a0<em>B. cinerea<\/em>\u00a0trebuie s\u0103 separ\u0103m dou\u0103 perioade importante de infec\u021bie: \u00eenflorirea \u0219i senescen\u021ba. \u00cen timpul \u00eenfloririi avem fructe tinere sensibile, unde infec\u021bia este urmat\u0103 de o perioad\u0103 de laten\u021b\u0103. \u00cen timp ce infec\u021bia pe fructele ajunse la maturitate (senescente) va duce la simptome f\u0103r\u0103 perioad\u0103 de laten\u021b\u0103. Importan\u021ba infec\u021biei \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi la struguri se poate schimba de la un sezon la altul \u0219i de la o regiune la alta. \u00cen cazul fructelor la care trebuie s\u0103 ne a\u0219tept\u0103m la o anumit\u0103 durat\u0103 de via\u021b\u0103 (struguri de mas\u0103, kiwi sau c\u0103p\u0219uni), simptomele apar atunci c\u00e2nd sunt depozitate \u00een condi\u021bii r\u0103coroase \u00een magazine sau depozite. Un control chimic al strugurilor de vi\u021b\u0103-de-vie care prezint\u0103 o bun\u0103 rezisten\u021b\u0103 la B. cinerea \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi nu va avea rezultate economice. Prin urmare, toate condi\u021biile de risc \u0219i de probabilitate de infectare, sensibilitatea fructelor \u0219i durata de conservare, condi\u021biile de depozitare trebuie luate \u00een considerare \u00een decizia de aplicare a unui tratament \u00eempotriva Botrytis cinerea \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi.<\/p><p>La fructele cu s\u00e2mburi, infec\u021bia cu B. cinerea apare mai ales \u00een timpul \u00eenfloririi. \u00cen aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 se iau \u00een considerare tratamentele \u00eempotriva Monilina spp. care infecteaz\u0103 \u0219i ea\u00a0<em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>\u00a0infec\u021bie.<\/p><h4>Model de B. cinerea \u0219i utilizare practic\u0103<\/h4><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Senzori: Umiditatea frunzelor, temperatura, umiditatea relativ\u0103<\/span><\/p><p>\u00cen FieldClimate folosim urm\u0103toarea corela\u021bie \u00eentre durata umezelii frunzelor \u0219i temperatur\u0103 pentru a modela boala.<\/p><p>este un parazit facultativ. Se dezvolt\u0103 \u0219i pe material vegetal mort. Din acest motiv, este \u00eentotdeauna prezent \u00een podgorii \u0219i livezi. Botrytis cinerea este legat\u0103 de un climat umed. Pentru a se infecta, are nevoie de o umiditate relativ\u0103 foarte ridicat\u0103 sau de prezen\u021ba apei libere (senzor: umezeala frunzelor, umiditate relativ\u0103). Ciuperca nu este capabil\u0103 s\u0103 infecteze materialul vegetal adult s\u0103n\u0103tos prin spori. Infec\u021bia are loc pe l\u0103starii tineri ai vi\u021bei de vie \u00een timpul perioadelor umede mai lungi sau pe l\u0103starii deteriora\u021bi de furtunile de grindin\u0103.<\/p><p>Modelul de risc FieldClimate Botrytis are ca rezultat o valoare a riscului de la 0 la 100%. Aceast\u0103 valoare indic\u0103 presiunea exercitat\u0103 de B. cinerea la momentul respectiv. Dac\u0103 avem o valoare de 100% \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 a existat de mai multe ori o perioad\u0103 de umezeal\u0103 suficient de lung\u0103 pentru a infecta \u021besutul sensibil (se calculeaz\u0103 a\u0219a-numitele \"puncte umede\" (matrice \u00eentre umezeala frunzelor, temperatura cu un maxim ini\u021bial de 38400 de puncte (\u00eenceputul sezonului, care afi\u0219eaz\u0103 un risc de 30%). Dup\u0103 aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103, fiecare perioad\u0103 umed\u0103 cu aproximativ 4000 de puncte umede (matrice) cre\u0219te riscul cu 10% sau, pe de alt\u0103 parte, fiecare perioad\u0103 uscat\u0103 reduce riscul cu 1\/5 din valoarea anterioar\u0103.<\/p><p>O aplicare \u00eempotriva B. cinerea depinde de fruct \u0219i de obiectivul de produc\u021bie.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30a41ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30a41ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-562082c\" data-id=\"562082c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241204a elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"241204a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa1dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa1dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Echipament recomandat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac85886 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac85886\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be427fc\" data-id=\"be427fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a8712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86a8712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Verifica\u021bi ce set de senzori este necesar pentru monitorizarea bolilor poten\u021biale ale acestei culturi.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8e509\" data-id=\"5d8e509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feace53 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"feace53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DESC\u0102RCA\u021aI FOAIA DE CALCUL<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Blackberry disease models BLACKBERRY RIPE ROT \u2013Colletotrichum acutatum GREY MOULD \u2013B. cinerea Recommended equipment Blackberry Ripe rot The fungal pathogen\u00a0Colletotrichum acutatum\u00a0causes\u00a0Blueberry Anthracnose (Ripe Rot)\u00a0on pre and post harvest fruit of highbush blueberry. The disease occurrs in all blueberry production areas and has a great impact of reducing shelf life of fruits and having a poor [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46982","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46982"}],"version-history":[{"count":79,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53352,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46982\/revisions\/53352"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}