{"id":51445,"date":"2023-01-26T14:14:36","date_gmt":"2023-01-26T14:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?p=51445"},"modified":"2023-06-21T08:02:36","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:02:36","slug":"farm-weather-talk-004-soil-moisture-the-crops-gas-tank","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/farm-weather-talk-004-soil-moisture-the-crops-gas-tank\/","title":{"rendered":"Farm Weather Talk #004 - Humidade do Solo, o Tanque de G\u00e1s das Culturas"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Escavar como uma esta\u00e7\u00e3o meteorol\u00f3gica ou dispositivo IoT com uma sonda de solo pode ser usado num exemplo de agricultura real (humidade do solo) para maximizar os retornos.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Humidade do Solo - o Tanque de G\u00e1s de Colheita<\/h2>

No\u00a0terceira parcela de Farm Weather Talk<\/a><\/span>discutimos o benef\u00edcio da previs\u00e3o de rendimento e\u00a0imagens de sat\u00e9lite<\/a><\/span>\u00a0e porque s\u00e3o uma obriga\u00e7\u00e3o para a gest\u00e3o dos nutrientes. Nesta presta\u00e7\u00e3o, vamos investigar como um\u00a0esta\u00e7\u00e3o meteorol\u00f3gica ou dispositivo IoT<\/a><\/span> com uma sonda do solo pode ser usado num exemplo real de agricultura de humidade do solo para maximizar os retornos.<\/p>

\"Humidade<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Antecedentes<\/h3>

\u00c0 medida que a esta\u00e7\u00e3o do Inverno se instala em muitos dos locais do hemisf\u00e9rio norte, as ideias n\u00e3o est\u00e3o longe de ser planeadas para a colheita do pr\u00f3ximo ano. Como j\u00e1 discutimos, saber quanta humidade do solo se tem num perfil \u00e9 muito importante, uma vez que determina quanta \"gasolina se tem no tanque\", por outras palavras, quanta humidade do solo existe para o desenvolvimento da cultura na pr\u00f3xima Primavera. Se souber que apenas tem 125 mm (5 polegadas) de \u00e1gua armazenada contra 225 mm (9 polegadas) de \u00e1gua armazenada num perfil de solo diferente, vai gerir os nutrientes e a cultura de forma diferente. Para al\u00e9m da humidade subsuperficial, o excesso\u00a0saco de neve de inverno<\/a><\/span>\u00a0pode fornecer a humidade muito necess\u00e1ria para o leito de sementes e, consequentemente, a germina\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p>

\u00c9 por isso que \u00e9 muito importante, ap\u00f3s a colheita da cultura, ter chuvas ou neve molhada, uma vez que este \u00e9 o momento de recarregar o solo (encher o dep\u00f3sito de g\u00e1s para o pr\u00f3ximo ano). Se entrar no Outono com um \"tanque de g\u00e1s baixo\", ent\u00e3o o potencial para um rendimento mais baixo no pr\u00f3ximo ano \u00e9 um risco mais elevado. \u00c9 de notar que o saco de neve em muitos locais n\u00e3o acrescenta muito para armazenar os n\u00edveis de humidade no subsolo, mas ajuda os n\u00edveis do leito das sementes e os cavacos.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ent\u00e3o, como se determina quanta humidade do solo \u00e9 armazenada nos seus v\u00e1rios campos?<\/h3>

N\u00e3o tem realmente ideia ao olhar para a superf\u00edcie dos campos, apenas chutar a terra d\u00e1-lhe um palpite. \u00c9 preciso pegar num n\u00facleo de solo e utilizar o m\u00e9todo de apertar \u00e0 m\u00e3o ou utilizar um\u00a0sonda do solo<\/a><\/span>\u00a0para determinar quanto \u00e9 armazenado no perfil.<\/p>

\"FWT4_1\"<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Tipos Comuns de Sondas de Solo<\/h3>

Para\u00a0sondas de solo<\/a><\/span>\u00a0h\u00e1 um par de boas op\u00e7\u00f5es que podem ser ligadas a um\u00a0dispositivo IoT no campo<\/a><\/span>. A primeira \u00e9 a sonda Triscan Drill & Drop da Sentek, e a segunda \u00e9 a sonda Aquacheck.<\/p>

\"Sensores<\/p>

Ligeiramente mais avan\u00e7ada que um pluvi\u00f3metro e o teste de arranque, a sonda Sentek Drill & Drop utiliza tecnologia baseada na capacidade para fornecer uma medi\u00e7\u00e3o volum\u00e9trica da humidade do solo, temperatura e conte\u00fado volum\u00e9trico de i\u00f5es (VIC) ou sais a m\u00faltiplas profundidades ao longo de um perfil do solo. Est\u00e1 dispon\u00edvel em comprimentos de 10-cm, 30-cm, 60-cm, 90-cm e 120-cm, com sensores fixados a cada incremento de 10-cm. A sonda Aquacheck utiliza a mesma tecnologia mas fornece apenas medi\u00e7\u00f5es da humidade e da temperatura do solo.<\/p>

Obviamente, uma sonda do solo fornece uma leitura muito mais precisa de todo o seu perfil de humidade do solo do que os m\u00e9todos tradicionais. Ao dispor desta informa\u00e7\u00e3o, pode tomar decis\u00f5es informadas sobre as entradas de culturas ao longo da esta\u00e7\u00e3o e em per\u00edodos cr\u00edticos das fases de sementeira e de fertiliza\u00e7\u00e3o, al\u00e9m de conhecer a salinidade e temperatura do seu solo o ajudar com outras decis\u00f5es agron\u00f3micas.<\/p>

Na ilustra\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo, que utiliza uma sonda Triscan Sentek de 90cm, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel ver claramente quando a chuva se infiltra em cada camada de solo desde a camada superficial at\u00e9 \u00e0 mais profunda, quanto aumentou cada camada e o tempo que levou desde o in\u00edcio do evento da chuva at\u00e9 chegar a cada camada. Tamb\u00e9m se pode \"ver\" de onde as ra\u00edzes est\u00e3o a extrair a humidade do solo, referida como degrau de escada ou evapotranspira\u00e7\u00e3o dia\/noite, e como as ra\u00edzes crescem ao longo do tempo para atingir uma humidade mais profunda do solo.<\/p>

\"Medi\u00e7\u00e3o<\/p>

Se estiver a utilizar uma esta\u00e7\u00e3o meteorol\u00f3gica no campo para ligar a sua sonda de solo, ent\u00e3o a\u00a0Dispositivo IoT<\/a><\/span>\u00a0pode ser utilizado para muitas aplica\u00e7\u00f5es espec\u00edficas de campo. \u00c9 uma abordagem hol\u00edstica: monitoriza\u00e7\u00e3o da precipita\u00e7\u00e3o em tempo real, humidade relativa, humidade das folhas, velocidade\/direc\u00e7\u00e3o do vento, condi\u00e7\u00f5es de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00edvel de campo\u00a0previs\u00f5es meteorol\u00f3gicas<\/a><\/span>, alertando,\u00a0modelos de doen\u00e7as<\/a><\/span>,\u00a0previs\u00e3o de rendimento<\/a><\/span>\u00a0e a lista continua a crescer. Com tantos novos produtos de utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de dados a sair, os produtores t\u00eam acesso a muitas solu\u00e7\u00f5es que simplesmente n\u00e3o existiam antes.<\/p>

medida que mais dados agr\u00edcolas s\u00e3o recolhidos, a informa\u00e7\u00e3o precisa de ser transformada em lucros ou num maior ROI, e isto pode ser feito atrav\u00e9s de solu\u00e7\u00f5es avan\u00e7adas de apoio \u00e0 decis\u00e3o f\u00e1ceis de usar para cada campo, como a previs\u00e3o de rendimento que discutimos em\u00a0Fala sobre o tempo na quinta #003<\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Voz de um cultivador<\/h3>

Uma opera\u00e7\u00e3o com mais de 20.000 acres de cereais em Saskatchewan \u00e9 um exemplo de uma quinta que est\u00e1 a transformar dados de sonda de solo (humidade) directamente num ROI mais elevado.<\/p>

Esta quinta utiliza sondas de solo para compreender quanta humidade do solo tem em qualquer altura. Num exemplo, a quinta tinha muito menos precipita\u00e7\u00e3o do que o normal, e todas as quintas \u00e0 sua volta tinham basicamente desistido de aumentar os rendimentos devido \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es secas. Mas com base na m\u00e9dia a longo prazo, a probabilidade de chuva durante o m\u00eas seguinte era boa, e a sonda de humidade do solo mostrou que ainda havia muita \u00e1gua no solo para um rendimento mais elevado.<\/p>

Ent\u00e3o, o que \u00e9 que eles fizeram?<\/strong>\u00a0Sa\u00edram e vestiram-se de cima - v\u00e1rios quilos de N por toda a quinta. Fazendo isto num per\u00edodo muito seco, levantam as sobrancelhas de muitos.<\/p>

Na altura da colheita as suas tiras de controlo produziram v\u00e1rios alqueires um acre a menos do que o resto do campo, e com o N adicional, os n\u00edveis de prote\u00ednas aumentaram, ganhando-lhes um pr\u00e9mio.<\/p>

Neste caso, receberam $1,25 um bushel mais baseado apenas em prote\u00ednas, al\u00e9m de terem conseguido 11 bushels por acre a mais devido ao ganho de rendimento. Em termos de custo de entrada: $15 para o N e $6 para as taxas do aplicador - $21 um acre - mas o rendimento l\u00edquido foi $162 um acre a mais. A\u00a0retorno do investimento de sete para um<\/strong>\u00a0devido a uma solu\u00e7\u00e3o de IoT de humidade do solo no campo.<\/p>

Este tipo de gest\u00e3o encaixa muito bem com os 4 r's de\u00a0gest\u00e3o dos nutrientes<\/a><\/span>\u00a0e, neste caso, a taxa e o tempo certos, que minimizam as perdas devidas a lixivia\u00e7\u00e3o, escorrimento, ou perdas atmosf\u00e9ricas.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Sobre o Autor:<\/em>
Guy Ash tem trabalhado como agro-meteorologista e especialista em ci\u00eancia da observa\u00e7\u00e3o da terra durante os \u00faltimos 30 anos. Actualmente, \u00e9 o Global Training and Key Accounts Manager no Canad\u00e1 para o Pessl Instruments, \u00c1ustria. Pessl Instrument \u00e9 uma empresa de IoT que fabrica hardware (registadores e sensores) e solu\u00e7\u00f5es de software que se concentram no sector agr\u00edcola. Trabalhamos em mais de 85 pa\u00edses e temos mais de 70.000 dispositivos e 700.000 sensores implantados para uma vasta gama de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es agr\u00edcolas: gest\u00e3o de doen\u00e7as, irriga\u00e7\u00e3o, humidade do solo, armadilhas para insectos, c\u00e2maras de colheitas, esta\u00e7\u00f5es meteorol\u00f3gicas, fertilidade do solo, etc. Uma das suas fun\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 fornecer forma\u00e7\u00e3o global para uma extensa lista de solu\u00e7\u00f5es de IOT para uma grande variedade de culturas - arroz, trigo, soja, laranjas, milho, canola, forragens, uvas, frutas e vegetais, etc.<\/p>

\"Avatar-Guy\"<\/p>

Guy Ash,<\/center>
METOS\u00ae<\/sup> Gestor de Forma\u00e7\u00e3o Global<\/center>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Dig into how a weather station or IoT device with a soil probe can be used in a real farming example (soil moisture) to maximize returns. Soil Moisture \u2013 the Crops Gas Tank In the\u00a0third installment of Farm Weather Talk, we discussed the benefit of yield prediction and\u00a0satellite imagery\u00a0and why they are a must for […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":51450,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,154],"tags":[438,439,313,422,147,440,441,32,427,259,392,442,16,393,391,443,133,444,445,316,446,432,447,402],"class_list":["post-51445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","category-pessl-blog","tag-alerting","tag-aquacheck-probe","tag-crop-development","tag-crop-management","tag-disease-models","tag-drill-drop-triscan-probe","tag-field-level-weather-forecasts","tag-iot-solutions","tag-iot-technology","tag-iot-weather-solutions","tag-leaf-wetness","tag-nutrient-management","tag-pessl-instruments","tag-precipitation","tag-relative-humidity","tag-satellite-imagery","tag-soil-moisture","tag-soil-moisture-levels","tag-soil-profile","tag-soil-temperature","tag-spray-conditions","tag-weather-stations","tag-wind-speed-direction","tag-yield-prediction","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nFarm Weather Talk #004 \u2013 Soil Moisture, the Crops Gas Tank - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.at\/pt\/farm-weather-talk-004-soil-moisture-the-crops-gas-tank\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Farm Weather Talk #004 \u2013 Soil Moisture, the Crops Gas Tank - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Dig into how a weather station or IoT device with a soil probe can be used in a real farming example (soil moisture) to maximize returns. 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