{"id":49821,"date":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49821"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","slug":"disease-models-turf-grass","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","title":{"rendered":"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - relva de relvado"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49821\" class=\"elementor elementor-49821\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-415c8b5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"415c8b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abe619a\" data-id=\"abe619a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93be70f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"93be70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49654\" alt=\"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - relva\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaf8341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaf8341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c99d4c3\" data-id=\"c99d4c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e922299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e922299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Relva de relva<\/b> modelos de doen\u00e7as\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc5aded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc5aded\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb0c2b0\" data-id=\"cb0c2b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ed3b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-cotton-blight\">FERRUGEM DO ALGOD\u00c3O -<\/br><em>Phytium blight<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7534dc6\" data-id=\"7534dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d5cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07d5cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-dollar-spot\">DOLLAR SPOT -<\/br><em>Sclerotinia homoeocarpa<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2db0d2b\" data-id=\"2db0d2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42f6aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42f6aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-brown-patch\">BROWN PATCH -<\/br><em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d62353 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d62353\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8ad78e\" data-id=\"a8ad78e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ff038 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ff038\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-snow-mold\">SNOW MOLD -<\/br><em>Typhula spp.<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e703c\" data-id=\"29e703c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd50176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd50176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-overseeding\">SOBREVIVENDO<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0220d\" data-id=\"bb0220d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94952ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94952ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd0fb48\" data-id=\"fd0fb48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-908631f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"908631f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Equipamento recomendado<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a38f80b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a38f80b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac9d72c\" data-id=\"ac9d72c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc779 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0dc779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc43140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc43140\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b864bd\" data-id=\"2b864bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f710c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f2f710c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-cotton-blight\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a62ff0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a62ff0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Algod\u00e3o em p\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba72bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ba72bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A doen\u00e7a Phytium blight, tamb\u00e9m conhecida como Cotton Blight, Grease Spot \u00e9 causada por v\u00e1rias esp\u00e9cies diferentes de Pytium. As gram\u00edneas da esta\u00e7\u00e3o fria s\u00e3o suscept\u00edveis ao Pythium. Em condi\u00e7\u00f5es favor\u00e1veis, toda a relva pode ser destru\u00edda em poucos dias.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><p>Os sintomas de pitium aparecer\u00e3o primeiro como pequenas manchas irregulares, que se unir\u00e3o para formar grandes manchas que ser\u00e3o frequentemente longas estrias. O Pythium desenvolve-se frequentemente nestas manchas porque \u00e9 a direc\u00e7\u00e3o do movimento da \u00e1gua (drenagem), na maioria das vezes, a partir de carrinhos de golfe e equipamento de corte de relva. As folhas de relva ir\u00e3o, \u00e0 primeira vista, olhar e sentir-se molhadas de \u00e1gua, gordurosas, ou viscosas. Assim que o orvalho ou a humidade secar, a l\u00e2mina enrugar-se-\u00e1 e desmoronar-se-\u00e1, causando frequentemente um relvado castanho fosco. A relva come\u00e7ar\u00e1 a desenvolver manchas que se desvanecem para uma cor castanha clara ou cinzenta. Com elevada humidade de manh\u00e3 cedo ou ao longo do dia, as folhas doentes podem ser cobertas com o crescimento de mic\u00e9lio branco, de teia de aranha, em forma de bolor.<\/p><h3>Biologia<\/h3><p>O Pythium pode sobreviver no solo durante longos per\u00edodos de tempo, muitas vezes provenientes de detritos de plantas infectadas no passado ou esporos que vivem no solo. O Pythium espalha-se pelo movimento e crescimento de mic\u00e9lio e esporos de planta para planta. O Pythium prospera em clima quente e h\u00famido, tipicamente com temperaturas diurnas de 27\u00b0C a 35\u00b0C em \u00e1reas com pouco movimento de ar, mas com elevado teor de humidade. Em temperaturas mais baixas de 13\u00b0C a 18\u00b0C e per\u00edodos prolongados de tempo h\u00famido, o Pythium ainda \u00e9 predominante.<\/p><p>O Pythium aparecer\u00e1 mais frequentemente durante a \"regra 150\", que \u00e9 quando as temperaturas dia + noite s\u00e3o superiores a 66\u00b0C. O Pythium \u00e9 mais comum quando o orvalho permanece na l\u00e2mina da relva durante 14 horas ou mais. Os relvados que t\u00eam excesso de azoto e crescimento luxuriante s\u00e3o muito vulner\u00e1veis ao Pythiuum e propagar-se-\u00e3o rapidamente devido aos altos n\u00edveis de azoto.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkali\">Alcalino<\/a>\u00a0solos (acima de um pH de 7) e\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calcium\">c\u00e1lcio<\/a>\u00a0os solos deficientes tamb\u00e9m tendem a favorecer Pythium.3 Pythium sobrevive durante o Inverno como\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oospore\">oospores<\/a>\u00a0encontrados no solo. O patog\u00e9neo, portanto, \u00e9 facilmente espalhado com o movimento de plantas doentes, movimento do solo, \u00e1guas superficiais, ou mesmo de sapatos. O Pythium tamb\u00e9m causa \"amortecimento\", \"decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o das sementes\", ou \"ferrugem das pl\u00e2ntulas\" das gram\u00edneas. Isto \u00e9 mais comum em Perennial ryegrass (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">Lolium perenne<\/a>) e acontece em \u00e1reas que est\u00e3o muito acima das taxas de sementeira recomendadas. O Pythium n\u00e3o s\u00f3 devasta a copa da relva como tamb\u00e9m o oomycete pode atacar as ra\u00edzes e as coroas, o que reduzir\u00e1 o crescimento, tornar-se-\u00e1 descolorido, e causar\u00e1 o desbaste da relva.<\/p><h3>Condi\u00e7\u00f5es<\/h3><ul><li>O desenvolvimento de infec\u00e7\u00f5es e doen\u00e7as est\u00e1 associado a temperaturas diurnas do ar superiores a 30\u00b0C<\/li><li>as temperaturas nocturnas s\u00e3o superiores a 20\u00b0C<\/li><li>humidade relativa durante 15 ou mais horas acima de 90%.<\/li><li>a nutri\u00e7\u00e3o com elevado teor de azoto parece ser mais suscept\u00edvel \u00e0 doen\u00e7a do que as pl\u00e2ntulas jovens\/ germinativas, pelo que devem ser tomadas precau\u00e7\u00f5es durante a supervis\u00e3o ou o estabelecimento em tempo quente<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo mostra um per\u00edodo de riks no dia 27 de Julho porque nesse dia foram determinadas mais de 15 horas de humidade relativa acima de 90% e a temperatura estava entre 20 e 35\u00b0C. O per\u00edodo h\u00famido aferido a essa data n\u00e3o mostra risco, porque a temperatura era demasiado baixa.<\/p><h3>Controlo<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poa_pratensis\">Azev\u00e9m do Kentucky<\/a>\u00a0e\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festuca\">Fescue<\/a>\u00a0s\u00e3o menos suscept\u00edveis ao Pythium blight do que\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">Azev\u00e9m perene<\/a>\u00a0e\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agrostis\">Bentgrass<\/a>. A cria\u00e7\u00e3o de um ambiente que inclua drenagem adequada, boa circula\u00e7\u00e3o de ar, e fertilidade equilibrada ajudar\u00e1 a prevenir a doen\u00e7a. Remo\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dew\">orvalho<\/a>\u00a0durante o tempo quente e h\u00famido tamb\u00e9m ajudar\u00e1 a prevenir o Pythium. O orvalho pode ser removido da relva a partir do corte, usando um ventilador de mochila, ou arrastando uma mangueira atrav\u00e9s da relva. Instale um sistema de drenagem interna se tiver graves problemas de drenagem. Melhorar a circula\u00e7\u00e3o do ar (instala\u00e7\u00e3o de ventiladores, remo\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1rvores ou arbustos) e evitar pr\u00e1ticas de irriga\u00e7\u00e3o que deixem humidade nas l\u00e2minas da relva durante longos per\u00edodos de tempo. Um sistema adequado de\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeration\">programa de aera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>\u00a0ir\u00e1 aliviar a compacta\u00e7\u00e3o e melhorar a drenagem. A aera\u00e7\u00e3o dever\u00e1 perturbar anualmente entre 15-20% da \u00e1rea total de superf\u00edcie. Certifique-se de que n\u00e3o est\u00e1 a aplicar excesso de azoto no seu solo. Evite usar fertilizantes de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida, tente usar fontes de amon\u00edaco de liberta\u00e7\u00e3o lenta. Se o pH do seu solo for superior a 6,5, ent\u00e3o use\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ammonium_sulfate%22\">sulfato de am\u00f3nio<\/a>que ir\u00e1 acidificar o seu solo. A maioria dos programas de fertilidade equilibrados para relvados de Kentucky Bluegrass consistir\u00e3o na aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de duas a cinco libras de azoto\/1000 p\u00e9s quadrados por ano.<\/p><p><em>Refer\u00eancias:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.missouribotanicalgarden.org\/gardens-gardening\/your-garden\/help-for-the-home-gardener\/advice-tips-resources\/pests-and-problems\/diseases\/rot\/pythium-blight-of-turf.aspx\">Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Missouri<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/pythium\">Gest\u00e3o de gramados e doen\u00e7as<\/a><\/span><em><br \/><\/em><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/turfgrass\/pythium-blight-grease-spot\/\">UC IPM<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09c04bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09c04bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a45f45f\" data-id=\"a45f45f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688dc58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"688dc58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e0bdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e0bdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae04247\" data-id=\"ae04247\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b42a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c4b42a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-dollar-spot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a693459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a693459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mancha de d\u00f3lar<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbdd717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbdd717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A doen\u00e7a da Mancha do D\u00f3lar \u00e9 causada pela esp\u00e9cie patog\u00e9nica Sclerotinia homoeocarpa e infecta o foliar das gram\u00edneas das esta\u00e7\u00f5es quentes e frias.<\/p><p>As gram\u00edneas afectadas mostram les\u00f5es de cor branca a palha que progridem para baixo a partir da ponta da folha ou lateralmente atrav\u00e9s das l\u00e2minas da folha. Uma borda castanha geralmente rodeia cada les\u00e3o. Les\u00f5es mais antigas em relva cortada mais alta aparecem frequentemente em forma de ampulheta, sendo mais estreitas no meio do que na parte superior ou inferior. As folhas individuais podem conter muitas les\u00f5es pequenas ou uma grande les\u00e3o ou a l\u00e2mina inteira da folha pode ficar danificada. As folhas infectadas tornam-se prejudicadas, ficando brancas \u00e0 medida que as les\u00f5es se expandem e coalescem. As folhas deterioradas s\u00e3o formadas em agregados que aparecem como manchas circulares, afundadas, medindo de  10 cm ( 4 polegadas) de di\u00e2metro. Nos greens de golfe e outras \u00e1reas bem segadas, as manchas aparecem como manchas de cor branca a palha que s\u00e3o semelhantes em di\u00e2metro a um d\u00f3lar de prata, da\u00ed o nome mancha de d\u00f3lar.<\/p><p>As manchas de d\u00f3lar podem coalescer em grandes \u00e1reas cor de palha de relva mal iluminada com 15 cm - 3 metros (6 polegadas a cerca de 10 p\u00e9s) de di\u00e2metro. As \u00e1reas de relva afectadas pelo d\u00f3lar tornam-se muitas vezes desbastadas de folhagem e invadidas por esp\u00e9cies de ervas daninhas.<\/p><p>Esteja ciente de que os sintomas de mancha de d\u00f3lar, Pythium blight, e a mancha castanha podem ser semelhantes em certas fases de desenvolvimento da doen\u00e7a. Normalmente, a mancha de d\u00f3lar n\u00e3o est\u00e1 associada a uma morte r\u00e1pida de plantas de relva como o Pythium blight ou a mancha castanha de Rhizoctonia. Os fungos que causam a mancha dolorosa e a mancha castanha produzem frequentemente les\u00f5es distintas nas folhas infectadas, mas o Pythium blight n\u00e3o. Embora os sintomas da mancha d\u00f3lar estejam confinados \u00e0s partes a\u00e9reas das plantas de relva, a Sclerotinia homoeocarpa produz um metabolito que \u00e9 t\u00f3xico para as ra\u00edzes de relva dobradas. A toxina faz com que as ra\u00edzes engrossem, deixem de se alongar, e fiquem desprovidas de p\u00ealos radiculares.<\/p><h3>Biologia e Ciclo das Doen\u00e7as<\/h3><p>O agente patog\u00e9nico f\u00fangico penetra nas folhas directamente, formando um appressoirum ou entrando atrav\u00e9s de estomas ou pontas de folhas cortadas. Os hypae crescem e colonizam as c\u00e9lulas epid\u00e9rmicas e mesof\u00edlicas. O agente patog\u00e9nico f\u00fangico tamb\u00e9m segrega enzimas e toxinas, que resultam em tecidos necr\u00f3ticos. O fungo sobrevive como mic\u00e9lio ou estromata em plantas infectadas, enquanto que os esporos n\u00e3o s\u00e3o produzidos.<\/p><h3>Condi\u00e7\u00f5es para a doen\u00e7a<\/h3><ul><li>temperaturas \u00f3ptimas entre 15\u00b0C e 32\u00b0C<\/li><li>longos per\u00edodos de humidade foliar do orvalho, chuva, irriga\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><li>mais prevalecentes durante a Primavera e o Outono.<\/li><li>baixa humidade do solo (que stressam a planta e a tornam mais suscept\u00edvel ao agente patog\u00e9nico)<\/li><li>A relva sob baixa fertilidade de nitrog\u00e9nio mostra uma mancha de d\u00f3lar cortada do que onces com uma fertilidade \u00f3ptima.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Refer\u00eancias:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Allen, T.W., A. Martinez, e L.L. Burpee. 2005. Mancha de relva em d\u00f3lares. O instrutor fitossanit\u00e1rio. DOI:10.1094\/PHI-I-2005-0217-02)<\/li><li>Sof\u00e1, H.B. 1995. Doen\u00e7as das gram\u00edneas. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL.<\/li><li>Detweiler, A.R., J.M. Vargas, Jr., e T.K. Danneberger. 1983. Resist\u00eancia da Sclerotinia homoeocarpa \u00e0 iprodiona e ao benomil. Dis. vegetal. 67: 627-630.<\/li><li>Endo, R.M. 1966. Controlo da mancha de d\u00f3lar da relva por azoto e a sua prov\u00e1vel base. Fitopatologia 56: 877<\/li><li>Golembiewski, R.C., J.M. Vargas, Jr., A.L. Jones, e A.R. Detweiler. 1995. Detection of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) resistance in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa populations. Desmetaniza\u00e7\u00e3o de plantas. 79: 491-493.<\/li><li>Goodman, D.M. e L.L. Burpee. 1991. Controlo biol\u00f3gico da doen\u00e7a da \"mancha d\u00f3lar\" da relva curva rastejante. Fitopatologia 81: 1438-1446.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. e C.M. Craft 1991. Introdu\u00e7\u00e3o e estabelecimento de estirpes de Enterobacter cloacae na relva do campo de golfe para o controlo biol\u00f3gico da mancha do d\u00f3lar. Dis. vegetal. 75: 510-514.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. e C.M. Craft. 1992. Supress\u00e3o da mancha de d\u00f3lar na relva torta rastejante e na relva anual de azev\u00e9m com topdressings com adornos em composto. Dis. 76: 954-958.<\/li><li>Smiley, R.W., P.H. Dernoeden, e B.B. Clarke. 1992. Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases 2nd ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<\/li><li>Smith, J.D., N. Jackson, e A.R. Woolhouse. 1989. Fungal Diseases of Amenity Turf Grasses (Doen\u00e7as F\u00fangicas da Relva da Amenidade). E. &amp; F.N. Spon, Ltd. Nova Iorque, NY.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr. 1994. Gest\u00e3o das doen\u00e7as do relvado. 2\u00aa ed., J.M., Jr. 1994. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr., R. Golembiewski, e A.R. Detweiler. 1992. Resist\u00eancia do d\u00f3lar \u00e0 mancha de fungicidas DMI. Gest\u00e3o de Campos de Golfe 60: 50-54.<\/li><li>Williams, D.W., A.J. Powell, P. Vincelli, e C.T. Dougherty. 1996. Mancha de d\u00f3lar na relva dobrada influenciada pelo deslocamento da humidade da superf\u00edcie da folha, azoto e remo\u00e7\u00e3o de clipping. Crop Sci. 36: 1304-1309.<\/li><li>Zhou, T. e G.J. Boland. 1998. Supress\u00e3o da mancha de d\u00f3lar por isolados hipovirulentos de Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Fitopatologia 88: 788-794.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e225391 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e225391\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0dca6cb\" data-id=\"0dca6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80ffb8d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"80ffb8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2f3134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2f3134\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-610faa8\" data-id=\"610faa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285ae75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"285ae75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-brown-patch\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d540f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33d540f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mancha castanha<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-777faed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"777faed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sensores:<\/span> Temperatura do solo, Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o e Temperatura do ar necess\u00e1ria<\/p><p>A doen\u00e7a Brown Patch \u00e9 causada pelo agente patog\u00e9nico f\u00fangico\u00a0<em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>\u00a0e ocorre durante o Ver\u00e3o em campos de golfe e relvados. As esp\u00e9cies de erva mais suscept\u00edveis s\u00e3o o azev\u00e9m perene, a erva curva e\u00a0<em>Festuca arundinacea<\/em>(festuca alta ou Rohrschwingel).<\/p><h3>Sintomas e sinais<\/h3><p>De manh\u00e3 cedo na relva coberta de orvalho, o mic\u00e9lio branco do fungo causal pode muitas vezes ser visto sobre e entre as folhas e caules da relva no remendo. Por vezes, toda a relva dentro do remendo \u00e9 morta, criando um efeito de afundamento ou \"bolso\". Mais frequentemente, a relva nestes remendos \u00e9 afinada em vez de ser completamente morta. Ocasionalmente, n\u00e3o se pode ver nenhum padr\u00e3o circular, e a doen\u00e7a aparece como uma mancha difusa.<\/p><p>Na festuca alta, os sintomas de mancha castanha podem ser observados em folhas individuais e n\u00e3o necessariamente em manchas. Os sintomas nas folhas aparecem como les\u00f5es irregulares bronzeadas ou castanhas claras rodeadas por margens castanhas escuras. Em casos graves, todo o povoamento pode parecer descolorido e afinado.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52970 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg\" alt=\"Turf-grass_patch-1\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Sintomas de mancha castanha na relva dobrada rastejante pondo verde; notar an\u00e9is escuros em torno da periferia da mancha (an\u00e9is de fumo). Fonte da imagem:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/brown-patch).\">Fitossanidade<\/a><\/em><\/p><p>Uma caracter\u00edstica distintiva do remendo castanho no campo de golfe \u00e9 a presen\u00e7a de an\u00e9is arroxeados escuros em torno da periferia dos remendos. Estes s\u00e3o chamados an\u00e9is de fumo. Os an\u00e9is de fumo s\u00e3o mais pronunciados nas primeiras horas da manh\u00e3, normalmente desvanecendo-se ao meio-dia.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52974 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg\" alt=\"Mancha de relva\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Sintomas de mancha castanha em folhas altas de festuca; notar les\u00f5es irregulares, castanhas claras com margens castanhas escuras. Fonte da imagem: <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/managing-turfgrass-diseases\">Fitossanidade<\/a><\/em><\/p><h3>Ciclo da doen\u00e7a<\/h3><p><em>R. solanii<\/em>\u00a0sob a forma de corpos em repouso chamados escler\u00f3cio, quer dentro do tecido de relva infectado, quer no solo. O fungo \u00e9 capaz de sobreviver no solo durante anos na aus\u00eancia de uma erva suscept\u00edvel. A actividade da doen\u00e7a \u00e9 prevalecente quando\u00a0<em>a humidade e humidade da superf\u00edcie s\u00e3o elevadas<\/em>, as temperaturas nocturnas s\u00e3o superiores\u00a0<em>20\u00b0C e temperaturas diurnas em m\u00e9dia 27\u00b0C<\/em>\u00a0ou acima. O tempo chuvoso e uma atmosfera saturada (100% de humidade relativa) aceleram grandemente o desenvolvimento de doen\u00e7as. A gravidade da doen\u00e7a \u00e9 maior na relva luxuriante e suculenta mantida com altos n\u00edveis de azoto do que na relva mantida com n\u00edveis moderados.<\/p><h3>Controlo cultural<\/h3><p>A aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de fertilizantes azotados na relva com uma hist\u00f3ria conhecida da mancha castanha durante o tempo quente e h\u00famido pode criar a necessidade de aplica\u00e7\u00f5es de fungicidas para controlar a doen\u00e7a. A remo\u00e7\u00e3o do orvalho ou da \u00e1gua da gutta\u00e7\u00e3o que se acumula nas folhas da relva todas as manh\u00e3s provou ser eficaz como ajuda na redu\u00e7\u00e3o da mancha castanha. Esta remo\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser conseguida atrav\u00e9s do corte ou do arrastamento de uma mangueira de \u00e1gua pela \u00e1rea. A irriga\u00e7\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria deve ser feita a tempo de a relva secar antes do anoitecer.<\/p><h3>Controlo qu\u00edmico<\/h3><p>O tratamento com fungicida s\u00f3 deve ser necess\u00e1rio em relva de alto valor de azev\u00e9m ou relva torta. O tratamento com fungicidas \u00e9 geralmente feito numa base curativa; o primeiro spray deve ser aplicado imediatamente ap\u00f3s o in\u00edcio dos sintomas, especialmente se for esperado um tempo quente e h\u00famido prolongado. Em \u00e1reas onde a mancha castanha causa um desbaste grave ao colocar os verdes, as aplica\u00e7\u00f5es preventivas de fungicidas podem ser justificadas.<\/p><p>As condi\u00e7\u00f5es para as doen\u00e7as s\u00e3o temperaturas de cerca de 20\u00b0C durante a noite e de dia cerca de 25\u00b0C e elevada humidade relativa (chuva, orvalho).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aae4c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aae4c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb9d3b8\" data-id=\"eb9d3b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74df0a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d74df0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-768d484 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"768d484\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4774e36\" data-id=\"4774e36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c298dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c298dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-snow-mold\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf7a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbf7a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mofo de neve<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e46e453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e46e453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A doen\u00e7a f\u00fangica O bolor da neve ocorre no in\u00edcio da Primavera ap\u00f3s o derretimento da neve. Os dois tipos de bolores de neve (cinzento e rosa) tornam-se activos sob a cobertura de neve e s\u00e3o causados pelo fungo\u00a0<em>Typhula spp.<\/em>(molde de neve cinzento) e Microdochium nivalis (molde de neve rosa).<\/p><p>O bolor cinzento da neve sobrevive \u00e0s temperaturas quentes do ver\u00e3o no solo ou em detritos vegetais infectados como escler\u00f3cio, estruturas f\u00fangicas resistentes, enquanto o bolor rosa da neve sobrevive como mic\u00e9lio ou esporos em detritos vegetais infectados.<\/p><p>O crescimento f\u00fangico come\u00e7a no Inverno, sob uma cobertura de neve em solo n\u00e3o congelado. O crescimento pode ter lugar a temperaturas ligeiramente abaixo de zero e pode continuar ap\u00f3s o derretimento da neve, desde que a erva permane\u00e7a fresca e h\u00famida. A actividade do bolor cinzento da neve p\u00e1ra quando a temperatura excede os 7\u00b0C ou quando a superf\u00edcie seca. A actividade de bolor de neve rosa pode continuar durante o tempo h\u00famido no Outono e Primavera, desde que a temperatura se situe entre 0\u00b0C e 15\u00b0C.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><p>Os sintomas s\u00e3o vistos pela primeira vez no relvado como manchas circulares, de cor palha, quando a neve derrete na Primavera. Estas manchas continuam a aumentar enquanto a relva permanecer fria e h\u00famida. A relva dentro do remendo tem frequentemente uma apar\u00eancia fosca e um crescimento f\u00fangico colorido. O crescimento f\u00fangico pode cobrir todo o manto ou desenvolver-se ao longo das margens, sendo o bolor cinzento da neve de cor branca a cinzenta e o bolor rosa da neve de cor branca a rosa. Ocasionalmente, os corpos de frutifica\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00fangica (cogumelos) podem ser vistos a emergir da relva infectada. Estruturas duras, chamadas escler\u00f3cio, podem tamb\u00e9m desenvolver-se nas folhas e coroas de plantas infectadas pelo bolor cinzento da neve, e n\u00e3o rosa. Os escler\u00f3cios s\u00e3o de forma esf\u00e9rica e aproximadamente do tamanho de uma cabe\u00e7a de alfinete. A sua presen\u00e7a ajuda a distinguir o bolor cinzento da neve do bolor cor-de-rosa da neve.<\/p><p>Os moldes de neve n\u00e3o ocorrem todos os anos no relvado dom\u00e9stico, mas s\u00e3o mais comuns durante anos em que uma cobertura de neve precoce e profunda impede o solo de congelar. Um Inverno frio e aberto n\u00e3o promove o bolor da neve, mas pode causar les\u00f5es no Inverno. Os danos causados pelos bolores de neve raramente s\u00e3o graves. Geralmente, as \u00e1reas infectadas s\u00e3o apenas um pouco mais lentas a esverdear. As \u00e1reas do relvado afectadas por rake gentilmente para promover a secagem e impedir o crescimento de fungos. Os fungicidas n\u00e3o s\u00e3o geralmente recomendados, mas em casos graves um spray preventivo pode ser \u00fatil.<\/p><p>As seguintes medidas podem ser tomadas para minimizar os danos em anos futuros:<\/p><ul><li>Evitar as aplica\u00e7\u00f5es excessivas de fertilizantes azotados na queda.<\/li><li>Continuar a cortar a relva \u00e0 altura recomendada at\u00e9 deixar de crescer activamente. Quanto mais alta for a relva, maior ser\u00e1 a probabilidade de esta se acasalar e encorajar o desenvolvimento de bolor de neve.<\/li><li>Rake up folhas no Outono.<\/li><li>Gerir a camada de thatch para evitar acumula\u00e7\u00f5es de mais de \u00bd polegadas.<\/li><li>Espalhar grandes pilhas de neve para encorajar o derretimento r\u00e1pido. Utilizar esgrima de neve para minimizar a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de neve em pontos problem\u00e1ticos.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Refer\u00eancia:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Lamey, H. Arthur, Cynthia L. Ash, e Ward C. Stienstra. 1988. Lawn Diseases, PP-950(ND) ou AG- FO-3386(MN). NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University. MN Servi\u00e7o de Extens\u00e3o, Universidade do Minnesota<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0e15ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0e15ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8821a8\" data-id=\"c8821a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493e9c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"493e9c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-021e9f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"021e9f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa77b81\" data-id=\"fa77b81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c2b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a7c2b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-overseeding\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287b18e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"287b18e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overseeding<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a13f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35a13f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Para uma supervis\u00e3o bem sucedida, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio que o fa\u00e7a:<\/p><ul><li>Escolher a semente adequada.<\/li><li>Preparar adequadamente e cronometrar a supervis\u00e3o.<\/li><li>Cuidadosamente manter a relva supervisionada.<\/li><li>E gerir atentamente a transi\u00e7\u00e3o da Primavera de volta para a erva da esta\u00e7\u00e3o quente.<\/li><\/ul><p>Tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio manter um relvado saud\u00e1vel e quente durante todo o ano. \u00c9 particularmente importante manter o solo f\u00e9rtil, aliviar a compacta\u00e7\u00e3o do solo e prevenir o excesso de colmo.<\/p><p>A semente adequada \u00e9 a erva com as caracter\u00edsticas mais adequadas \u00e0s suas necessidades particulares. O azev\u00e9m anual foi rapidamente substitu\u00eddo por azev\u00e9m perene devido \u00e0 sua melhor qualidade, stress e toler\u00e2ncia a pragas e capacidade de gest\u00e3o. Utilize tamb\u00e9m sementes tratadas com fungicidas, tais como Avental ou Koban. Isto \u00e9 particularmente verdade no in\u00edcio do Outono, uma vez que as doen\u00e7as do m\u00edldio das pl\u00e2ntulas podem ser um problema neste momento.<\/p><p>A taxa de sementeira correcta depende da sua apar\u00eancia e da quantidade de tr\u00e1fego que a relva ir\u00e1 suportar. As \u00e1reas com maior tr\u00e1fego necessitam de taxas de sementeira mais elevadas. No entanto, taxas de sementeira mais elevadas podem tamb\u00e9m significar uma transi\u00e7\u00e3o primaveril mais dif\u00edcil.<\/p><h3>Condi\u00e7\u00f5es para o controlo<\/h3><ul><li>Temperaturas do solo a uma profundidade de 4 polegadas aproximando-se aos 24\u00b0C.<\/li><li>As temperaturas nocturnas rondam consistentemente os 10\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Temperatura m\u00e9dia ao meio-dia inferior a 21\u00b0C, ou duas a quatro semanas antes da primeira geada m\u00e9dia anual de morte.<\/li><\/ul><p>A melhor maneira de fazer com que a supervis\u00e3o efectiva seja bem sucedida \u00e9 obter um bom contacto terra-a-semente. A prepara\u00e7\u00e3o da sementeira consiste geralmente em cortar ou escalpelizar de perto, com algum corte vertical ligeiro, e varrer ou aspirar os detritos vegetais soltos.<\/p><p>No Fieldclimate mostramos as datas \u00f3ptimas para a supervis\u00e3o com esp\u00e9cies de gram\u00edneas da esta\u00e7\u00e3o WARM (GPW) ou COLD (GPC).<\/p><p><em>Fontes:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Gil Landry, PhD, Coordenador - The Center for Urban Agriculture, The University of Georgia.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0f966b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0f966b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51d79e7\" data-id=\"51d79e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e28ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d6e28ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69b49bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69b49bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equipamento recomendado<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00c11ec elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00c11ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2cbb57\" data-id=\"b2cbb57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442579e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442579e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Verificar que conjunto de sensores \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para monitorizar as potenciais doen\u00e7as desta cultura.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1f8908\" data-id=\"b1f8908\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34de458 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34de458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DESCARREGAR FOLHA DE C\u00c1LCULO<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. Under favourable conditions, the whole turfgrass [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49821","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-turf-grass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. Under favourable conditions, the whole turfgrass [&hellip;]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-turf-grass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-05-04T10:34:18+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Tempo estimado de leitura\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"13 minutos\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/\",\"name\":\"Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-13T09:58:57+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-05-04T10:34:18+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/12\\\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/disease-models-turf-grass\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Disease models &#8211; turf grass\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/\",\"name\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"description\":\"Turning Information into profits since 1984.\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#organization\"},\"alternateName\":\"METOS\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\",\"alternateName\":\"Pessl Instruments\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"pt-PT\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.global\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2022\\\/02\\\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png\",\"width\":2652,\"height\":795,\"caption\":\"METOS by Pessl Instruments\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/metos.at\\\/en\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - relva de relvado - METOS por Pessl Instruments","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","og_locale":"pt_PT","og_type":"article","og_title":"Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments","og_description":"Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. Under favourable conditions, the whole turfgrass [&hellip;]","og_url":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","og_site_name":"METOS by Pessl Instruments","article_modified_time":"2026-05-04T10:34:18+00:00","og_image":[{"url":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png","type":"","width":"","height":""}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Tempo estimado de leitura":"13 minutos"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","url":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","name":"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - relva de relvado - METOS por Pessl Instruments","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png","datePublished":"2022-12-13T09:58:57+00:00","dateModified":"2026-05-04T10:34:18+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"pt-PT","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/metos.global\/disease-models-turf-grass\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/metos.global\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Disease models &#8211; turf grass"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#website","url":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/","name":"METOS por Pessl Instruments","description":"Transformar informa\u00e7\u00e3o em lucros desde 1984.","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#organization"},"alternateName":"METOS","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"pt-PT"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#organization","name":"METOS por Pessl Instruments","alternateName":"Pessl Instruments","url":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"pt-PT","@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/cropped-METOS-by-Pessl-Instruments-white-PNG.png","width":2652,"height":795,"caption":"METOS by Pessl Instruments"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/metos.at\/en\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49821","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49821"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49821\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120506,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49821\/revisions\/120506"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49821"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}