{"id":49542,"date":"2022-12-02T10:54:04","date_gmt":"2022-12-02T10:54:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49542"},"modified":"2026-05-04T09:39:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T09:39:36","slug":"disease-models-grapevine","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-grapevine\/","title":{"rendered":"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - videira"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49542\" class=\"elementor elementor-49542\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-155396b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"155396b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9fa5e63\" data-id=\"9fa5e63\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8db8300 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8db8300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49545\" alt=\"Modelos de doen\u00e7as - vinho de uva\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-grapewine-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94cf8ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94cf8ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb4b0a7\" data-id=\"bb4b0a7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2eb37e0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2eb37e0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Viticultura <\/b>modelos de doen\u00e7as<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-567e0e1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"567e0e1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5e5b67\" data-id=\"e5e5b67\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c53933d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c53933d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-grey-mould\">MOLA CINZA -<\/br><em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b6e5772\" data-id=\"b6e5772\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3cffc89 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3cffc89\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-anthracnose\">ANTHRACNOSE -<\/br><em>Ampelina de Elsinoe<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-508fc2f\" data-id=\"508fc2f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb43d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1fb43d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-black-rot\">PODRID\u00c3O NEGRA DA VIDEIRA -<\/br><em>Guignardia bidwellii<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3bcd99b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3bcd99b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1b49f1b\" data-id=\"1b49f1b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c845e56 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c845e56\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-berry-moths\">TRA\u00c7AS DE BAGAS DE VIDEIRA -<\/br><em>Botrana da lob\u00e9sia<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-883020c\" data-id=\"883020c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8f8dcc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8f8dcc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#phomopsis\">PHOMOPSIS CANE AND LEAF SPOT-<\/br><em>Phomopsis viticola<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8123214\" data-id=\"8123214\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0065f7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0065f7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-downy-mildew\">DOWNY MILDEW -<\/br><em>Plasmopara viticola<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16daeb8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16daeb8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c9b8669\" data-id=\"c9b8669\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e720c25 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e720c25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#grapewine-powdery-mildew\">O O\u00cdDIO -<\/br><em>Uncinula necator<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3c51007\" data-id=\"3c51007\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-91b699c\" data-id=\"91b699c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-69250d7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"69250d7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8763740\" data-id=\"8763740\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-069cebd elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"069cebd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Equipamento recomendado<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f7d524f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f7d524f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b87e1f8\" data-id=\"b87e1f8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-48af720 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"48af720\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2e27f85 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2e27f85\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-647e700\" data-id=\"647e700\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d846092 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d846092\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-downy-mildew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6e7baf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c6e7baf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dourado<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7cde6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c7cde6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62202\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62202\" style=\"width: 587px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62202 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Downy-mildew-of-grape.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"587\" height=\"495\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Downy-mildew-of-grape.png 587w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Downy-mildew-of-grape-300x253.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Downy-mildew-of-grape-14x12.png 14w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 587px) 100vw, 587px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 587px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 587\/495;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62202\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Ash, G. (2000). O m\u00edldio da uva. The Plant Health Instructor.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>O agente patog\u00e9nico do m\u00edldio da videira \u00e9 <em>Plasmopara viticola<\/em>. \u00c9 um parasita obrigat\u00f3rio, o que significa que os \u00f3rg\u00e3os verdes e frescos da videira s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios para o seu crescimento. Tem fases de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o assexuada e sexual -zo\u00f3sporos e o\u00f3sporos. Por conseguinte, existem duas fases de infe\u00e7\u00e3o: infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria e secund\u00e1ria.<br \/>A infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria come\u00e7a com a germina\u00e7\u00e3o dos o\u00f3sporos invernantes, formando espor\u00e2ngios na primavera, quando o tempo fica quente. Os espor\u00e2ngios s\u00e3o produzidos durante a noite, uma vez que a luz solar inibe a esporula\u00e7\u00e3o. Os o\u00f3sporos de paredes espessas ajudam o agente patog\u00e9nico a sobreviver \u00e0s condi\u00e7\u00f5es rigorosas do inverno e a iniciar a infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria. Os espor\u00e2ngios s\u00e3o dispersos pela chuva ou pelo vento e libertam zo\u00f3sporos na \u00e1gua livre. Para que a infe\u00e7\u00e3o seja bem sucedida, \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio um per\u00edodo suficientemente longo de humidade nas folhas ou de precipita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>A infe\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria s\u00f3 \u00e9 poss\u00edvel na presen\u00e7a de manchas oleosas maduras e ocorre atrav\u00e9s de zo\u00f3sporos e espor\u00e2ngios. Os zo\u00f3sporos e os espor\u00e2ngios s\u00e3o muito sens\u00edveis \u00e0 baixa humidade e \u00e0 luz, o que reduz a sua viabilidade, o que significa que a maior parte da infe\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre pouco depois da liberta\u00e7\u00e3o. Os zo\u00f3sporos penetram nos tecidos vegetais atrav\u00e9s de tubos germinativos e desenvolvem hifas para posterior infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Estas hifas formam les\u00f5es oleosas ap\u00f3s um per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o que varia de 5 a 21 dias, dependendo da temperatura - quanto mais baixa a temperatura, mais tempo demora.<\/p><p>Quando o tempo volta a ficar frio, o que \u00e9 desfavor\u00e1vel para o agente patog\u00e9nico, este passa \u00e0 produ\u00e7\u00e3o sexual, produzindo o\u00f3sporos. Estes o\u00f3sporos permanecem dormentes durante o inverno e o ciclo repete-se.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62203\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62203\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62203 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mildew-symptoms.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mildew-symptoms.png 640w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mildew-symptoms-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Mildew-symptoms-16x12.png 16w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 640\/480;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62203\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: https:\/\/www.agric.wa.gov.au\/table-grapes\/downy-mildew-grapevines<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>Surgem pequenas les\u00f5es amarelas na superf\u00edcie superior das folhas, por vezes rodeadas por halos acastanhados. As manchas de \u00f3leo expandem-se e integram-se \u00e0 medida que a matura\u00e7\u00e3o e os halos desaparecem. Mais tarde, os espor\u00e2ngios produzem um m\u00edldio branco-cotonoso na parte inferior das les\u00f5es, seguindo-se a necrose. Aparecem tamb\u00e9m zonas castanhas oleosas nos rebentos, caules e bagas. Em noites quentes e h\u00famidas, podem ficar cobertas de penugem branca devido \u00e0 esporula\u00e7\u00e3o. Uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o grave provoca uma queda prematura.<\/p><h3>Modelos FieldClimate<\/h3><ul><li>Existem dois modelos no FieldClimate - infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria e secund\u00e1ria.<\/li><li>O primeiro gr\u00e1fico apresenta o tempo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s a conclus\u00e3o de uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Os gr\u00e1ficos inferiores mostram o progresso da infe\u00e7\u00e3o para um n\u00edvel de gravidade fraco, moderado e grave. Presume-se que existe uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o quando a curva ascendente do gr\u00e1fico atinge 100% - a pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o pode ser considerada se for apresentado um n\u00edvel grave de infe\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria<\/strong><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62204 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-1024x463.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"463\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-1024x463.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-768x347.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-1536x694.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/primary-infection-downy.png 1600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/463;\" \/><\/p><p>A infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria verifica se o clima \u00e9 adequado para o desenvolvimento de espor\u00e2ngios. Este \u00e9 o caso desde que as folhas estejam molhadas ou que a humidade relativa ap\u00f3s a chuva n\u00e3o des\u00e7a abaixo de 70%. Os espor\u00e2ngios podem desenvolver-se num per\u00edodo de 16 a 24 horas, dependendo da temperatura. Uma chuva cont\u00ednua de 5 mm \u00e9 interpretada como uma chuva forte que pode espalhar zo\u00f3sporos.<\/p><p><strong>Infe\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria<\/strong><\/p><p><b><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62231 size-large aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-1024x460.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"460\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-1024x460.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-768x345.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-1536x690.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Secondary-Infection.png 1600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/460;\" \/><\/b><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p>A infe\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria verifica-se se a temperatura for superior a 12 \u00b0C e a humidade relativa for superior a 95%. A taxa de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de espor\u00e2ngios aumenta com temperaturas at\u00e9 23 \u00b0C. Se esta condi\u00e7\u00e3o se prolongar por uma temperatura hor\u00e1ria acumulada superior a 50 \u00b0C, consideramos que a esporula\u00e7\u00e3o terminou e que existem novos espor\u00e2ngios na vinha. Os 50 \u00b0C acumulados correspondem a 4 horas com 13 \u00b0C ou 3 horas com 17 \u00b0C, por exemplo. Os espor\u00e2ngios morrem rapidamente quando o tempo fica mais quente e seco - quando a humidade relativa desce abaixo de 50%, o valor \u00e9 reposto a 0 e quando a temperatura excede os 29 \u00b0C, n\u00e3o pode haver esporula\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Ash, G. (2000). O m\u00edldio da uva. The Plant Health Instructor.<\/li><li>Gessler, C., Pertot, I., &amp; Perazzolli, M. (2011). Plasmopara viticola: uma revis\u00e3o do conhecimento sobre o m\u00edldio da videira e a gest\u00e3o eficaz da doen\u00e7a. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 50(1), 3-44.<\/li><li>Kennelly, M. M., Gadoury, D. M., Wilcox, W. F., Magarey, P. A., &amp; Seem, R. C. (2007). Infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria, produtividade da les\u00e3o e sobreviv\u00eancia de espor\u00e2ngios no pat\u00f3geno do m\u00edldio da videira Plasmopara viticola. Phytopathology, 97(4), 512-522.<\/li><li>Koledenkova, K., Esmaeel, Q., Jacquard, C., Nowak, J., Cl\u00e9ment, C., &amp; Ait Barka, E. (2022). Plasmopara viticola, o agente causal do m\u00edldio da videira: da sua taxonomia \u00e0 gest\u00e3o da doen\u00e7a. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 889472.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2b689e7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2b689e7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5b48a13\" data-id=\"5b48a13\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4d98b47 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"4d98b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c9ae0e6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c9ae0e6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-99d66fc\" data-id=\"99d66fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f23d714 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f23d714\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-powdery-mildew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e1178c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0e1178c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">O\u00eddio em p\u00f3<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c5b554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c5b554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62209\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62209\" style=\"width: 850px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62209 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/powdery-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"590\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/powdery-1.png 850w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/powdery-1-300x208.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/powdery-1-768x533.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/powdery-1-18x12.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 850px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 850\/590;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62209\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Pirrello, C., Mizzotti, C., Tomazetti, T. C., Colombo, M., Bettinelli, P., Prodorutti, D., ... &amp; Vezzulli, S. (2019). Ascomicetes emergentes na viticultura: uma vis\u00e3o geral interdisciplinar. Frontiers in plant science, 10, 1394).<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>O agente patog\u00e9nico do o\u00eddio da videira \u00e9 Uncinula necator. Existem duas fontes principais de in\u00f3culo - mic\u00e9lio invernal e asc\u00f3sporos de cleistotecas - que podem variar em import\u00e2ncia consoante a regi\u00e3o.<\/p><p>O mic\u00e9lio d\u00e1 origem aos rebentos bandeira na primavera. Os rebentos bandeira s\u00e3o rebentos parcial ou totalmente cobertos de m\u00edldio, formados a partir de gomos infectados latentes. Como se formam col\u00f3nias no interior, estes rebentos s\u00e3o bem vis\u00edveis e t\u00eam frequentemente folhas deformadas.<\/p><p>A Cleistothecia liberta asc\u00f3sporos no in\u00edcio da primavera. A precipita\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 um fator importante para a liberta\u00e7\u00e3o dos asc\u00f3sporos. Com o aumento da temperatura, a deisc\u00eancia \u00e9 mais frequente. Os asc\u00f3sporos germinam em 12 horas, formando tubos germinativos e apress\u00f3rios nos tecidos das plantas, levando \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o de col\u00f3nias dispersas.<\/p><p>A infe\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria ocorre atrav\u00e9s de con\u00eddios produzidos nas col\u00f3nias. Tal como os asc\u00f3sporos, germinam e desenvolvem tubos germinativos e apress\u00f3rios. O U. necator n\u00e3o necessita de \u00e1gua livre para a infe\u00e7\u00e3o nem de humidade relativa elevada para a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de con\u00eddios. Quando as condi\u00e7\u00f5es climat\u00e9ricas se tornam menos favor\u00e1veis, o fungo forma cleistotecas. O fungo sobrevive na cleistoteca ou como mic\u00e9lio vegetativo em gomos infectados e dormentes e o ciclo repete-se.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62210\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62210\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62210 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Symptoms-powdery.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Symptoms-powdery.png 640w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Symptoms-powdery-300x225.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Symptoms-powdery-16x12.png 16w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 640px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 640\/480;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62210\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: https:\/\/agric.wa.gov.au\/n\/2449<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>Os sintomas podem ser encontrados em todas as partes verdes da videira. Os rebentos desenvolvem col\u00f3nias e ficam cobertos de mic\u00e9lio branco-acinzentado, conhecidos como \"rebentos bandeira\". As folhas ficam distorcidas. Tamb\u00e9m se encontram col\u00f3nias de m\u00edldio nas folhas - na parte inferior ou em ambos os lados. Os bagos desenvolvem manchas cinzentas-acinzentadas e, nos casos mais graves, fendem-se. As canas apresentam manchas vermelho-acastanhadas escuras e podem morrer a partir das pontas.<\/p><h3>Modelos FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Infe\u00e7\u00e3o por asc\u00f3sporos<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62211 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-1024x435.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"435\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-1024x435.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-300x127.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-768x326.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-1536x652.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Ascospore-Infection.png 1553w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/435;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Molhagem de Folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p>Este modelo \u00e9 recomendado quando os asc\u00f3sporos s\u00e3o formados durante o inverno frio (portanto, n\u00e3o s\u00e3o infectados pelo mic\u00e9lio). A infe\u00e7\u00e3o por asc\u00f3sporos prev\u00ea a liberta\u00e7\u00e3o de asc\u00f3sporos e a infe\u00e7\u00e3o inicial com base nas temperaturas m\u00e9dias durante per\u00edodos prolongados de humidade das folhas. Para o c\u00e1lculo, s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios cerca de 2,5 mm de precipita\u00e7\u00e3o para libertar asc\u00f3sporos, seguidos de um m\u00ednimo de 8 a 12 horas de humidade nas folhas e temperaturas entre 10 e 15\u00b0C. Uma vez ocorrida a infe\u00e7\u00e3o, o modelo passa a uma fase de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do risco de doen\u00e7a (modelo de risco californiano) e baseia-se nos efeitos da temperatura sobre a taxa de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o do agente patog\u00e9nico.<\/p><p><strong>Modelo de risco californiano<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62212 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-1024x231.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"231\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-1024x231.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-768x173.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-1536x346.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Californian-Risk-Model.png 1557w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/231;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo baseia-se em estudos laboratoriais efectuados na Calif\u00f3rnia. Ap\u00f3s a liberta\u00e7\u00e3o e germina\u00e7\u00e3o dos asc\u00f3sporos (modelo), o desenvolvimento e a reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o subsequentes do o\u00eddio s\u00e3o influenciados pelas temperaturas. O modelo avalia as temperaturas e avalia o risco de desenvolvimento do o\u00eddio atrav\u00e9s de um \u00edndice de 0 a 100 pontos.<\/p><p>S\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios tr\u00eas dias seguidos com um m\u00ednimo de seis horas consecutivas de temperatura entre 21 e 30'c para iniciar o \u00edndice de avalia\u00e7\u00e3o do risco. Ganha-se 20 pontos por cada dia que cumpra 6 ou mais horas consecutivas entre 21 e 32\u00b0C e perde-se 10 pontos por aqueles que n\u00e3o o fa\u00e7am ou quando a temperatura ultrapassa os 32\u00b0C ou desce abaixo dos 21\u00b0C.<\/p><p>Valores baixos de \u00edndice de 0~30 indicam que o agente patog\u00e9nico n\u00e3o se est\u00e1 a reproduzir. Um \u00edndice de 40~50 \u00e9 considerado moderado e implica uma taxa de reprodu\u00e7\u00e3o do o\u00eddio de aproximadamente 15 dias. Valores de \u00edndice superiores a 60 indicam que o agente patog\u00e9nico se est\u00e1 a reproduzir rapidamente (de 5 em 5 dias) e que o risco de uma epidemia da doen\u00e7a \u00e9 grande.<\/p><p><strong>Modelo de risco Pessl Instruments<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62213 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-1024x233.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"233\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-1024x233.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-768x175.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-1536x350.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model-18x4.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pessl-model.png 1555w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/233;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><\/ul><p>Para al\u00e9m da temperatura do ar, a humidade das folhas pode ser um fator orientador, uma vez que longos per\u00edodos de humidade das folhas conduzem ao estabelecimento de um fungo antagonista (Ampelomyces quisqualis), que leva a uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o de U. necator. Os fundamentos do modelo s\u00e3o equivalentes aos do modelo de risco californiano, mas a humidade das folhas tamb\u00e9m \u00e9 considerada neste modelo. Uma humidade das folhas superior a 8 horas leva a uma diminui\u00e7\u00e3o de 10 pontos.<\/p><p>Valores baixos de \u00edndice de 0~20 indicam que o agente patog\u00e9nico n\u00e3o se est\u00e1 a reproduzir. Um \u00edndice de 20~60 \u00e9 considerado moderado e \u00e9 v\u00e1lido um intervalo de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o normal. Valores de \u00edndice superiores a 60 indicam que o agente patog\u00e9nico se est\u00e1 a reproduzir rapidamente (de 5 em 5 dias) e que o risco de uma epidemia da doen\u00e7a \u00e9 grande, pelo que se recomenda a redu\u00e7\u00e3o do intervalo de pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Gadoury, D. M., &amp; Pearson, R. C. (1990). Ascocarp dehiscence and ascospore discharge in Uncinula necator. Phytopathology, 80(4), 393-401.<\/li><li>Gadoury, D. M., &amp; Pearson, R. C. (1990). Germina\u00e7\u00e3o de asc\u00f3sporos e infe\u00e7\u00e3o de Vitis por Uncinula necator. Phytopathology, 80(11), 1198-1203.<\/li><li>Hall, T. W. (2000). Epidemiologia do o\u00eddio da videira, Uncinula necator, em Willamette Valley.<\/li><li>Halleen, F., &amp; Holz, G. (2001). An Overview of the Biology, Epidemiology and Control of Uncinula Necator (Powdery Mildew) on Grapevine, with Ref Ere Nee to South Africa. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 22(2), 111-121.<\/li><li>R\u00fcgner, A., Rumbolz, J., Huber, B., Bleyer, G., Gisi, U., Kassemeyer, H. H., &amp; Guggenheim, R. (2002). Forma\u00e7\u00e3o de estruturas de invernada de Uncinula necator e coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o da videira em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de campo. Plant pathology, 51(3), 322-330.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a360749 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a360749\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52ee364\" data-id=\"52ee364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f3cfdd elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"1f3cfdd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cf80a32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cf80a32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-186ec52\" data-id=\"186ec52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc9d3a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"cc9d3a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-black-rot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b369f2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b369f2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Podrid\u00e3o negra<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06c792f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06c792f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62174\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62174\" style=\"width: 850px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62174 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black-rot-pathogen.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"583\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black-rot-pathogen.png 850w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black-rot-pathogen-300x206.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black-rot-pathogen-768x527.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Black-rot-pathogen-18x12.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 850px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 850\/583;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62174\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Szab\u00f3 et al<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>A podrid\u00e3o negra da videira \u00e9 causada pelo fungo Guignardia bidwellii. O fungo sobrevive em v\u00e1rias partes da videira e pode sobreviver durante mais de dois anos nas les\u00f5es dos rebentos infectados.<\/p><p>Na primavera, os picn\u00eddios produzem con\u00eddios (esporos assexuados) e os pseudot\u00e9cios geram asc\u00f3sporos (esporos sexuais). Os con\u00eddios s\u00e3o normalmente dispersos a curtas dist\u00e2ncias, enquanto os asc\u00f3sporos podem infetar a dist\u00e2ncias maiores. Estes esporos s\u00e3o transportados pelo vento e pela chuva para infetar tecidos jovens de hospedeiros suscept\u00edveis, dando in\u00edcio a infec\u00e7\u00f5es prim\u00e1rias. Os con\u00eddios tamb\u00e9m servem de in\u00f3culo secund\u00e1rio, contribuindo para a propaga\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida e repetida da doen\u00e7a.<\/p><p>Durante o m\u00eas de agosto, os picn\u00eddios transformam-se numa fase de invernada que produz pseudotecas, que geram asc\u00f3sporos. Estes asc\u00f3sporos s\u00e3o fontes importantes de infec\u00e7\u00f5es prim\u00e1rias na primavera seguinte.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62176\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62176\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62176 size-medium lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/brown-spots-250x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"300\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/brown-spots-250x300.jpg 250w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/brown-spots-10x12.jpg 10w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/brown-spots.jpg 600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 250px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 250\/300;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62176\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Jardim Bot\u00e2nico do Missouri<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>Desenvolvem-se manchas castanho-avermelhadas que acabam por se fundir, muitas vezes rodeadas por pequenos pontos pretos, que s\u00e3o estruturas f\u00fangicas conhecidas como picn\u00eddios que produzem con\u00eddios. As folhas jovens e de crescimento r\u00e1pido s\u00e3o particularmente mais suscept\u00edveis a esta infe\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>As infec\u00e7\u00f5es nos frutos ocorrem tipicamente ap\u00f3s a queda do c\u00e1lice, com a maioria dos sintomas a manifestarem-se quando o fruto est\u00e1 com metade do tamanho ou quase cheio. Inicialmente, surgem pequenas manchas, rodeadas por um anel castanho, que depois aumentam e escurecem, acabando por cobrir toda a baga \u00e0 medida que a doen\u00e7a se desenvolve. Em poucos dias, os bagos infectados podem ficar mumificados, partir-se ou cair prematuramente.<\/p><p>Al\u00e9m disso, outras partes da planta, como rebentos, caules e gavinhas, tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o afectadas. Desenvolvem-se les\u00f5es de forma ovalada, de cor p\u00farpura a preta, e os picn\u00eddios espalham-se pela superf\u00edcie dessas les\u00f5es.<\/p><h3>Modelo FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Viticultura Modelo de podrid\u00e3o negra<\/strong><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62177 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1402\" height=\"794\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model.png 1402w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model-300x170.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model-1024x580.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model-768x435.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Black-Rot-Model-18x10.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1402px) 100vw, 1402px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1402px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1402\/794;\" \/><\/p><p>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo baseia-se originalmente na literatura publicada por Spotts, mas com a modifica\u00e7\u00e3o de Daniel Molitor. A revis\u00e3o introduziu tr\u00eas classes de gravidade (ligeira, moderada e grave) semelhantes \u00e0 conce\u00e7\u00e3o dos modelos da sarna da macieira. A temperaturas quentes, o per\u00edodo de humidade das folhas de 8 horas \u00e9 suficiente para favorecer as infec\u00e7\u00f5es e considera-se que uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o est\u00e1 conclu\u00edda quando um gr\u00e1fico atinge 100%.<br \/>A gravidade da infe\u00e7\u00e3o depende do tempo de dura\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura \u00f3ptima e do per\u00edodo de humidade do fungo.  As infec\u00e7\u00f5es que cumprem os crit\u00e9rios Spotts s\u00e3o classificadas como infec\u00e7\u00f5es ligeiras. As infec\u00e7\u00f5es que satisfazem os crit\u00e9rios Spott nos 150% e 200% s\u00e3o classificadas como infec\u00e7\u00f5es moderadas e graves, respetivamente.<\/p><p>Dependendo da press\u00e3o da infe\u00e7\u00e3o, as infec\u00e7\u00f5es devem ser cobertas de forma preventiva ou deve ser aplicada uma pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o curativa pouco depois da infe\u00e7\u00e3o. No clima semi-\u00e1rido moderado do Mosel ou da maioria das zonas vit\u00edcolas austr\u00edacas, n\u00e3o se recomenda a pulveriza\u00e7\u00e3o ap\u00f3s a dete\u00e7\u00e3o de uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o ligeira.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Wilcox, Wayne F. \"Podrid\u00e3o negra Guignardia bidwellii\". Ficha de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o de doen\u00e7as n.\u00ba 102GFSG-D4. 2003. Cornell. 24 de outubro de 2010<\/li><li>http:\/\/www.nysipm.cornell.edu\/factsheets\/grapes\/diseases\/grape_br.pdf<\/li><li>Ellis, Michael A. \"Fact sheet Agricultural and Natural Resources: Podrid\u00e3o negra da uva\". Departamento de Patologia Vegetal. Extens\u00e3o da Universidade do Estado de Ohio. 2008<\/li><li>http:\/\/ohioline.osu.edu\/hyg-fact\/3000\/pdf\/HYG_3004_08.pdf<\/li><li>Molitor, D. (2009). Untersuchungen zur Biologie und Bek\u00e4mpfung der Schwarzf\u00e4ule (Guignardia bidwellii) an Weinreben. Gesellschaft zur F\u00f6rderung der Forschungsanstalt Geisenheim.<\/li><li>Ries, S. M. (1999). Relat\u00f3rios sobre doen\u00e7as de plantas: Podrid\u00e3o negra da uva. Integrated Pest Management at the Uni. of Illinois. http:\/\/ipm. illinois. edu\/diseases\/series700\/rpd703.<\/li><li>Spotts, R. A. (1977). Efeito da dura\u00e7\u00e3o da humidade foliar e da temperatura na infecciosidade de Guignardia bidwellii em folhas de videira. Phytopathology, 67(11), 1378-1381.<\/li><li>Szab\u00f3, M., Csik\u00e1sz-Krizsics, A., Dula, T., Farkas, E., Roznik, D., Kozma, P., &amp; De\u00e1k, T. (2023). Podrid\u00e3o negra das uvas (Guignardia bidwellii)-Uma vis\u00e3o global. Horticulturae, 9(2), 130.<\/li><li>http:\/\/extension.cropsciences.illinois.edu\/fruitveg\/pdfs\/771-BlackRotOfGrape.pdf<\/li><li>https:\/\/www.missouribotanicalgarden.org\/gardens-gardening\/your-garden\/help-for-the-home-gardener\/advice-tips-resources\/insects-pests-and-problems\/diseases\/fruit-spots\/black-rot-of-grapes<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d2d675 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d2d675\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-924f587\" data-id=\"924f587\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6ecb3bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6ecb3bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c69b29f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c69b29f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0895013\" data-id=\"0895013\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-766af37 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"766af37\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-berry-moths\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23ff1eb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23ff1eb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Tra\u00e7as da baga<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7f309c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b7f309c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62181\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62181\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62181 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Lobesia.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"497\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Lobesia.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Lobesia-300x248.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Lobesia-768x636.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Lobesia-14x12.jpg 14w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/497;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62181\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: EPPO<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><em><br \/>Botrana da lob\u00e9sia<\/em> A tra\u00e7a-do-tomateiro completa tipicamente duas a tr\u00eas gera\u00e7\u00f5es por ano, dependendo da regi\u00e3o. A primeira gera\u00e7\u00e3o (maio e junho) afecta apenas as flores, pelo que o tratamento s\u00f3 \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio se as popula\u00e7\u00f5es de tra\u00e7a forem particularmente elevadas. A segunda gera\u00e7\u00e3o (julho e agosto) e a terceira gera\u00e7\u00e3o s\u00e3o as que causam mais danos, sendo a terceira especialmente prejudicial, pois coincide com a matura\u00e7\u00e3o das uvas. A quarta gera\u00e7\u00e3o pode ocorrer em climas mais quentes, mas o tratamento geralmente n\u00e3o \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio, pois coincide com a colheita da uva.<\/p><p>A tra\u00e7a passa o inverno como pupas em casulos e, quando as temperaturas sobem na primavera, os adultos da primeira gera\u00e7\u00e3o emergem, com os machos a aparecerem normalmente antes das f\u00eameas. O voo da primeira gera\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7a perto da abertura dos bot\u00f5es e dura 4 a 5 semanas, durante as quais ocorre o acasalamento. Um a dois dias ap\u00f3s o acasalamento, as f\u00eameas p\u00f5em entre 80 a 160 ovos.<\/p><p>Os ovos, com 0,6 a 0,8 mm de di\u00e2metro, s\u00e3o vis\u00edveis a olho nu. Inicialmente de cor branca cremosa, tornam-se amarelos \u00e0 medida que o embri\u00e3o se desenvolve, com a cor preta da cabe\u00e7a da larva. Os ovos eclodem ap\u00f3s 66 graus-dia Celsius (DDC), aproximadamente 7 a 11 dias. As larvas unem as partes da flor, com um desenvolvimento que dura 20 a 30 dias. Segue-se a pupa\u00e7\u00e3o e os adultos emergem 6 a 14 dias depois.<\/p><p>O \"grau-dia\" \u00e9 calculado medindo o quanto a temperatura m\u00e9dia di\u00e1ria excede um determinado limiar de temperatura de base necess\u00e1rio para o desenvolvimento. \u00c0 medida que as temperaturas sobem acima da base, os graus-dia acumulam-se.<\/p><p>As tra\u00e7as adultas t\u00eam cerca de 6 a 8 mm de comprimento e uma envergadura de 11 a 13 mm. As f\u00eameas s\u00e3o ligeiramente maiores do que os machos, embora ambos tenham asas semelhantes com padr\u00e3o de mosaico.<\/p><p>Os ovos da segunda e terceira gera\u00e7\u00f5es eclodem mais rapidamente, num prazo de 3 a 5 dias. As f\u00eameas p\u00f5em os ovos individualmente em bagas \u00e0 sombra e, ap\u00f3s a eclos\u00e3o, as larvas entram nas bagas e esvaziam-nas. No outono, as noites com mais de 11 horas desencadeiam a diapausa, uma fase de repouso que permite que as pupas tolerem melhor o frio, permitindo-lhes passar o inverno.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><p>As lagartas da primeira gera\u00e7\u00e3o alimentam-se das infloresc\u00eancias da videira, esvaziando os bot\u00f5es florais e enrolando-os para os proteger, o que provoca danos no interior do cacho. Na segunda gera\u00e7\u00e3o, as larvas atacam os bagos em desenvolvimento, criando pontos de entrada para agentes patog\u00e9nicos f\u00fangicos, tais como <em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>. Esta alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o direta causa danos vis\u00edveis, normalmente marcados por manchas escuras \u00e0 volta dos locais de alimenta\u00e7\u00e3o. A terceira gera\u00e7\u00e3o causa os danos mais significativos, uma vez que as larvas penetram e se alimentam dos bagos em amadurecimento.<\/p><p>Ficam bagas murchas e excrementos de larvas. Os peda\u00e7os de tecido epid\u00e9rmico dos bagos permanecem soltos nos pedicelos, juntamente com a \"pele\" seca e oca dos bagos.<\/p><h3>Modelo FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Tra\u00e7a das bagas da videira Modelo<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62185 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1440\" height=\"516\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model.png 1440w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model-300x108.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model-1024x367.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model-768x275.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grapevine-Berry-Moth-Model-18x6.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1440px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1440\/516;\" \/><\/p><p>Sensor necess\u00e1rio:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo calcula o risco em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da temperatura do ar. O primeiro gr\u00e1fico mostra os per\u00edodos de atividade de voo com postura de ovos e boas actividades de postura de ovos para o inseto. O segundo gr\u00e1fico mostra qual a gera\u00e7\u00e3o expet\u00e1vel nesse per\u00edodo. No terceiro gr\u00e1fico, s\u00e3o apresentados os dados clim\u00e1ticos, que mostram a acumula\u00e7\u00e3o de graus-dia (temperaturas &gt; 8\u00b0C at\u00e9 24\u00b0C por hora dividida por 24).<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Varela, L. G., Smith, R. J., Cooper, M. L., &amp; Hoenisch, R. W. (2010). Tra\u00e7a da videira europeia, Lobesia botrana. Vinhas de Napa Valley. Pract. Winery Vineyard, 2010, 1-5.<\/li><li>https:\/\/ipm.ucanr.edu\/invasive-and-exotic-pests\/european-grapevine-moth\/<\/li><li>https:\/\/www.ages.at\/en\/plant\/plant-health\/pests-from-a-to-z\/grape-berry-moth<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8a12612 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8a12612\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebeafd9\" data-id=\"ebeafd9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-076ec6c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"076ec6c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76d8c92 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"76d8c92\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0cc7248\" data-id=\"0cc7248\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0798a8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0798a8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-grey-mould\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77a908f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"77a908f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Bolor cinzento<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc27c19 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bc27c19\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62159\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62159\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62159 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grey-mould.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"514\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grey-mould.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grey-mould-300x257.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grey-mould-768x658.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grey-mould-14x12.jpg 14w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 600px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 600\/514;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62159\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: https:\/\/metos.global\/en\/disease-models-pulses\/<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>O agente patog\u00e9nico do bolor cinzento na videira \u00e9 <em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>.<\/p><p>A epidemiologia do mofo cinzento \u00e9 significativamente influenciada por infec\u00e7\u00f5es latentes iniciadas por infec\u00e7\u00f5es florais. Foram identificadas v\u00e1rias vias de transmiss\u00e3o da flor para o fruto: O fungo infecta o estilete da flor e atinge o \u00f3vulo, onde permanece latente devido ao mecanismo de defesa pr\u00e9-formado da planta. As infec\u00e7\u00f5es atrav\u00e9s dos estames, p\u00e9talas e s\u00e9palas tamb\u00e9m s\u00e3o cr\u00edticas. A B. cinerea pode infetar os estames e crescer sistematicamente em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao recet\u00e1culo, espalhando-se para o pedicelo e para os tecidos vasculares dos bagos. Outras vias tamb\u00e9m envolvem o crescimento saprof\u00edtico do agente patog\u00e9nico.<\/p><p>Os mic\u00e9lios ou escler\u00f3cios que passam o inverno s\u00e3o as principais fontes de infe\u00e7\u00e3o na primavera. Os con\u00eddios (esporos assexuados) s\u00e3o produzidos e dispersos pelo vento e pela chuva. Ao aterrar, os con\u00eddios germinam, formando tubos germinativos e apress\u00f3rios que penetram e infectam a planta. O fungo pode permanecer latente at\u00e9 que o fruto amadure\u00e7a e o teor de a\u00e7\u00facar aumente. Os con\u00eddios gerados a partir de fontes de in\u00f3culo prim\u00e1rio seguem um ciclo diurno de inicia\u00e7\u00e3o, produ\u00e7\u00e3o e dissemina\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>Embora a fase sexual de B. cinerea seja raramente observada, o agente patog\u00e9nico torna-se mais ativo \u00e0 medida que os bagos amadurecem. O aumento do teor de a\u00e7\u00facar nos bagos aumenta a suscetibilidade \u00e0 infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Da mesma forma, as flores s\u00e3o altamente suscept\u00edveis quando entram em senesc\u00eancia, com o p\u00f3len abundante a aumentar a gravidade da infe\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_53009\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-53009\" style=\"width: 208px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-53009 size-medium lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Grey-mould-208x300.png\" alt=\"Bolor cinzento na uva\" width=\"208\" height=\"300\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Grey-mould-208x300.png 208w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Grey-mould-8x12.png 8w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Grey-mould.png 237w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 208px) 100vw, 208px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 208px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 208\/300;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-53009\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: https:\/\/metos.global\/en\/disease-models-pulses\/<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>O bolor cinzento infecta principalmente os bagos de uva maduros, que inicialmente parecem moles e encharcados de \u00e1gua. Com o tempo, os bagos tornam-se castanho-avermelhados e murcham. Em condi\u00e7\u00f5es favor\u00e1veis, ficam cobertos de massas cinzentas de mic\u00e9lios e con\u00eddios do fungo. As bagas saud\u00e1veis tamb\u00e9m podem ser infectadas atrav\u00e9s do contacto direto com as bagas doentes.<\/p><p>O fungo pode tamb\u00e9m causar uma praga na flor, que pode levar a perdas significativas de colheitas no in\u00edcio da \u00e9poca. Embora as infec\u00e7\u00f5es foliares sejam raras, quando ocorrem, come\u00e7am como manchas verdes ba\u00e7as ao longo das nervuras, que acabam por se transformar em les\u00f5es necr\u00f3ticas.<\/p><h3>Modelo FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Modelo de molde cinzento geral<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62160 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1452\" height=\"708\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model.png 1452w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model-1024x499.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model-768x374.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Grey-Mould-Model-18x9.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1452px) 100vw, 1452px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1452px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1452\/708;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><\/ul><p><em>B. cinerea<\/em> est\u00e1 relacionado com o clima h\u00famido. O fungo requer uma humidade relativa elevada ou a presen\u00e7a de \u00e1gua livre para a infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Os per\u00edodos quentes com um per\u00edodo prolongado de humidade das folhas conduzem a um aumento do risco de B. cinerea, enquanto os per\u00edodos secos o reduzem. A infe\u00e7\u00e3o ocorre em rebentos jovens durante per\u00edodos h\u00famidos prolongados ou tempestades de granizo prejudiciais.<\/p><p>O modelo calcula o risco num valor de 0 a 100%. Este valor indica a press\u00e3o de <em>B. cinerea<\/em> na altura - se tivermos um valor de 100%, isso significa que houve v\u00e1rias vezes um per\u00edodo de humidade suficientemente longo para infetar o tecido suscet\u00edvel. Calculamos os chamados \"pontos h\u00famidos\" entre a humidade das folhas e a temperatura com um m\u00e1ximo de 38400 pontos inicialmente (in\u00edcio da esta\u00e7\u00e3o, que apresenta um risco de 30%). Ap\u00f3s este per\u00edodo, cada per\u00edodo h\u00famido com cerca de 4000 pontos h\u00famidos aumenta o risco em 10%, ou, por outro lado, cada per\u00edodo seco reduz o risco em \u2155 do valor anterior.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Broome, J. C., English, J. T., Marois, J. J., Latorre, B. A., &amp; Aviles, J. C. (1995). Desenvolvimento de um modelo de infe\u00e7\u00e3o para a podrid\u00e3o cinzenta do cacho da uva baseado na dura\u00e7\u00e3o da humidade e na temperatura. Phytopathology, 85(1), 97-102.<\/li><li>Elmer, P. A., &amp; Michailides, T. J. (2007). Epidemiologia de Botrytis cinerea em culturas de pomar e vinha. Em Botrytis: biology, pathology and control (pp. 243-272). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.<\/li><li>Williamson, B., Tudzynski, B., Tudzynski, P., &amp; Van Kan, J. A. (2007). Botrytis cinerea: a causa da doen\u00e7a do bolor cinzento. Molecular plant pathology, 8(5), 561-580.<\/li><li>Ciliberti, N., Fermaud, M., Roudet, J., &amp; Rossi, V. (2015). As condi\u00e7\u00f5es ambientais afectam a infe\u00e7\u00e3o por Botrytis cinerea em bagos de uva maduros mais do que a estirpe ou o gen\u00f3tipo do transpos\u00e3o. Phytopathology, 105(8), 1090-1096.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-089f3a9 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"089f3a9\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09cec7f\" data-id=\"09cec7f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b0ff096 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"b0ff096\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c545fa3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c545fa3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f0c9d8\" data-id=\"6f0c9d8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-28276f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"28276f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"grapewine-anthracnose\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4871b21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"4871b21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Antracnose<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f7f22d2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f7f22d2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><strong>Pathogen<\/strong><\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62164\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62164\" style=\"width: 700px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62164 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-1024x982.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"700\" height=\"671\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-1024x982.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-300x288.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-768x736.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-1536x1473.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose-13x12.jpg 13w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Pathogen-anthracnose.jpg 1600w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 700px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 700\/671;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62164\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Zhi et al<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>A antracnose da videira \u00e9 causada pelo agente patog\u00e9nico <em>Ampelina de Elsinoe<\/em>.<\/p><p>As canas infectadas s\u00e3o a principal fonte da doen\u00e7a. Os escler\u00f3cios e os mic\u00e9lios que sobrevivem nas les\u00f5es e nas bagas durante o inverno tornam-se activos na primavera e produzem asc\u00f3sporos (esporos sexuais) e con\u00eddios (esporos assexuais) em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de humidade (chuva ou orvalho durante 24 horas) dentro da gama de temperaturas de 2~40\u00b0C.<\/p><p>Estes esporos s\u00e3o dispersos para novos tecidos por salpicos de chuva e pelo vento e, uma vez pousados, germinam e formam tubos germinativos e apress\u00f3rios, iniciando uma nova infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Podem infetar novas folhas, rebentos, gavinhas e bagas jovens. O tempo quente reduz a dura\u00e7\u00e3o da humidade necess\u00e1ria para a infe\u00e7\u00e3o inicial e o per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o. A germina\u00e7\u00e3o \u00f3ptima dos esporos ocorre a 25~30\u00b0C, sendo necess\u00e1rio um m\u00ednimo de 3~4 horas de humidade nas folhas. Nas infec\u00e7\u00f5es a uma temperatura de cerca de 10\u00b0C, o per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 de cerca de 14 dias.<\/p><p>\u00c0 medida que a coloniza\u00e7\u00e3o progride, surgem ac\u00e9rvulos e s\u00e3o produzidos novos con\u00eddios, que servem de in\u00f3culo de infe\u00e7\u00e3o secund\u00e1ria. S\u00e3o respons\u00e1veis por uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o r\u00e1pida e posterior na esta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><p><em>E. ampelina<\/em> ataca as partes a\u00e9reas e suculentas da videira, incluindo rebentos, folhas, pec\u00edolos, gavinhas, r\u00e1quis e bagos; as les\u00f5es nos rebentos e nos bagos s\u00e3o as mais comuns. As uvas t\u00eam uma resist\u00eancia ontog\u00e9nica aos fungos, pelo que os tecidos jovens s\u00e3o mais suscept\u00edveis.<\/p><p>No in\u00edcio aparecem pequenas manchas castanho-avermelhadas que aumentam com o tempo h\u00famido, tornando-se ligeiramente afundadas com um centro cinzento rodeado por uma margem escura. Por vezes, os sintomas podem assemelhar-se a ferimentos causados pelo granizo. O centro necr\u00f3tico das folhas geralmente cai, criando um aspeto de \"buraco de tiro\".<\/p><p>Em caso de infe\u00e7\u00e3o grave, as plantas podem apresentar desfolia\u00e7\u00e3o precoce, atraso no crescimento da cana, quebra do caule, queda dos bagos e atraso no desenvolvimento e amadurecimento dos bagos.<\/p><h3>Modelo FieldClimate<\/h3><p><b>Modelo de antracnose na viticultura<\/b><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62165 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1363\" height=\"798\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1.png 1363w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1-1024x600.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1-768x450.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-1-18x12.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1363px) 100vw, 1363px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1363px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1363\/798;\" \/> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-62166 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1444\" height=\"460\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2.png 1444w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2-300x96.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2-1024x326.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2-768x245.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Grape-anthracnose-2-18x6.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1444px) 100vw, 1444px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1444px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1444\/460;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo calcula o risco de antracnose tendo em conta a temperatura do ar, a humidade relativa, a humidade das folhas e a precipita\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>O poss\u00edvel desenvolvimento de uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o fraca, moderada e grave \u00e9 apresentado em gr\u00e1ficos separados. Uma infe\u00e7\u00e3o deve ser considerada completa quando a curva crescente atinge 100%. O \u00faltimo gr\u00e1fico mostra a esporula\u00e7\u00e3o de <em>E. ampelina<\/em>se o valor a\u00ed atingir 100%, presume-se que os esporos de <em>E. ampelina<\/em> est\u00e3o presentes.<\/p><p>Para que os esporos de inverno se desenvolvam, as condi\u00e7\u00f5es devem corresponder a um intervalo de temperatura de 2 a 40\u00b0C, humidade relativa superior a 90% ou humidade foliar. Quando o desenvolvimento dos esporos atinge 100%, a infe\u00e7\u00e3o come\u00e7a a ser calculada. A gravidade da infe\u00e7\u00e3o depende das condi\u00e7\u00f5es de humidade (eventos de chuva). No entanto, se a humidade descer abaixo de 50%, tanto o desenvolvimento dos esporos como a infe\u00e7\u00e3o deixam de ser calculados.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Li, Z., Dos Santos, R. F., Gao, L., Chang, P., &amp; Wang, X. (2021). Situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual e perspectivas futuras da antracnose da videira causada por Elsinoe ampelina: Uma doen\u00e7a importante em regi\u00f5es \u00famidas de cultivo de uvas. Patologia Molecular das Plantas, 22(8), 899-910<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0073a18 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0073a18\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dec96e2\" data-id=\"dec96e2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9982c88 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"9982c88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-974e96b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"974e96b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bfd2ab4\" data-id=\"bfd2ab4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-494bdcc elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"494bdcc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"phomopsis\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3834cb9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3834cb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PHOMOPSIS MANCHA DA CANA E DA FOLHA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-da51ff5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"da51ff5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Pathogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62193\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62193\" style=\"width: 713px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62193 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis-1024x718.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"713\" height=\"500\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis-1024x718.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis-300x210.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis-768x539.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Phomopsis.png 1031w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 713px) 100vw, 713px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 713px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 713\/500;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62193\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fonte: Pscheidt et al.<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>A mancha de Phomopsis da cana e da folha na videira \u00e9 causada por <em>Phomopsis viticola<\/em>.<\/p><p>O fungo hiberna nas partes lenhosas da videira e volta a estar ativo na primavera seguinte. Quando as temperaturas sobem e come\u00e7am as chuvas de primavera, os esporos s\u00e3o libertados das estruturas de invernada chamadas picn\u00eddios. \u00c0 medida que os esporos s\u00e3o dispersos pela chuva e pelo vento para novos tecidos, a infe\u00e7\u00e3o propaga-se.<\/p><p>O per\u00edodo de infe\u00e7\u00e3o prim\u00e1ria coincide tipicamente com as chuvas do in\u00edcio da primavera, come\u00e7ando pouco depois da abertura dos bot\u00f5es, quando os rebentos apresentam uma fase inicial de crescimento. Os rebentos jovens, as pontas dos rebentos, os cachos de frutos e a r\u00e1quis s\u00e3o todos vulner\u00e1veis \u00e0 infe\u00e7\u00e3o. Embora as pontas dos rebentos possam ser infectadas durante toda a esta\u00e7\u00e3o de crescimento, as infec\u00e7\u00f5es s\u00e3o mais comuns desde a abertura dos bot\u00f5es at\u00e9 \u00e0 flora\u00e7\u00e3o. Nos frutos, o agente patog\u00e9nico pode permanecer adormecido at\u00e9 os frutos amadurecerem. O per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o dura geralmente cerca de 3 a 4 semanas.<\/p><h3>Sintomas<\/h3><p>Nas folhas e pec\u00edolos, surgem pequenas manchas escuras com centros negros rodeados por margens amarelas, que acabam por se fundir. As folhas basais podem ficar distorcidas e enrugadas e podem n\u00e3o atingir o seu tamanho m\u00e1ximo. Quando os pec\u00edolos est\u00e3o muito infectados, amarelecem e caem, levando \u00e0 queda das folhas. As folhas criam um efeito de guarda-chuva que reduz outras infec\u00e7\u00f5es por esporos.<\/p><p>Aparecem manchas semelhantes nos rebentos, provocando fissuras nas camadas epid\u00e9rmicas nos locais de infe\u00e7\u00e3o. \u00c0 medida que as manchas se fundem, as \u00e1reas infectadas dos rebentos desenvolvem uma textura escabrosa. Em casos graves, os rebentos podem ficar atrofiados, partir-se ou mesmo morrer.<\/p><p>As les\u00f5es na r\u00e1quis fazem com que esta fique afundada e quebradi\u00e7a. Ap\u00f3s um per\u00edodo de dorm\u00eancia no ver\u00e3o, o fungo reactiva-se no in\u00edcio do outono, provocando a podrid\u00e3o dos bagos e dos cachos. Embora as infec\u00e7\u00f5es dos frutos n\u00e3o sejam geralmente extensas, formam-se manchas nos bagos, muitas vezes acompanhadas de manchas pretas (picn\u00eddios) na casca do bago. Em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de humidade, as massas de esporos amarelos podem escorrer dos picn\u00eddios, provocando a descolora\u00e7\u00e3o dos frutos, a sua textura rugosa e a sua mumifica\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/p><p>A madeira infetada apresenta um aspeto branqueado no per\u00edodo de dorm\u00eancia. As canas e os espor\u00f5es gravemente infectados apresentam descolora\u00e7\u00f5es escuras misturadas com \u00e1reas branqueadas na casca. Os picin\u00eddios tamb\u00e9m podem romper a superf\u00edcie. As baixas temperaturas, juntamente com a deteriora\u00e7\u00e3o da fun\u00e7\u00e3o do floema e do xilema, enfraquecem e matam as canas, os espor\u00f5es e os gomos.<\/p><h3>Modelo FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Modelo de infe\u00e7\u00e3o por Phomopsis na viticultura<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62194 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-1024x449.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"449\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-1024x449.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-768x337.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model.png 1381w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/449;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62198 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2-1024x320.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"320\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2-1024x320.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2-768x240.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Viticulture-Phomopsis-Infection-Model-2.png 1458w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/320;\" \/><br \/>Sensores necess\u00e1rios:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura do ar<\/li><li>Humidade relativa<\/li><li>Humidade das folhas<\/li><li>Precipita\u00e7\u00e3o<\/li><\/ul><p>O modelo determina o risco de infe\u00e7\u00e3o por Phomopsis na gama de temperaturas de 5 a 35\u00b0C e em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de humidade (humidade nas folhas, humidade relativa elevada). A gravidade da infe\u00e7\u00e3o depende da quantidade de chuva (mais de 2 mm), uma vez que os esporos se distribuem mais rapidamente pelo material vegetal saud\u00e1vel. Quando a infe\u00e7\u00e3o 100% \u00e9 mostrada, indica que foram medidas no campo condi\u00e7\u00f5es \u00f3ptimas para infetar o tecido vegetal e, portanto, as medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o das plantas devem ser tidas em conta.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>https:\/\/agriculture.vic.gov.au\/biosecurity\/plant-diseases\/grapevine-diseases\/phomopsis-cane-and-leaf-spot-of-grapevines<\/li><li>Bettiga, L. J. (Ed.). (2013). Manejo de pragas da uva (Vol. 3343). Publica\u00e7\u00f5es UCANR.<\/li><li>Pscheidt, J. W., &amp; Pearson, R. C. (1991). Phomopsis cane &amp; leaf spot.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c98355 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7c98355\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1150ff\" data-id=\"d1150ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fdbd3aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"fdbd3aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8d19a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc8d19a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Equipamento recomendado<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c698a54 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c698a54\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9782e79\" data-id=\"9782e79\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d0fca1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5d0fca1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Verificar que conjunto de sensores \u00e9 necess\u00e1rio para monitorizar as potenciais doen\u00e7as desta cultura.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-064d0f9\" data-id=\"064d0f9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d3c26a elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"0d3c26a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">DESCARREGAR FOLHA DE C\u00c1LCULO<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Grapevine disease models GREY MOULD &#8211;Botrytis cinerea ANTHRACNOSE &#8211;Elsinoe ampelina GRAPEVINE BLACK ROT &#8211;Guignardia bidwellii GRAPEVINE BERRY MOTHS &#8211;Lobesia botrana PHOMOPSIS CANE AND LEAF SPOT-Phomopsis viticola DOWNY MILDEW &#8211;Plasmopara viticola POWDERY MILDEW &#8211;Uncinula necator Recommended equipment Downy Mildew Pathogen The pathogen for Downy Mildew in grapes is Plasmopara viticola. It is an obligate parasite, meaning [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49542","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - grapevine - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pt\/disease-models-grapevine\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pt_PT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - grapevine - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Grapevine disease models GREY MOULD &#8211;Botrytis cinerea ANTHRACNOSE &#8211;Elsinoe ampelina GRAPEVINE BLACK ROT &#8211;Guignardia bidwellii GRAPEVINE BERRY MOTHS &#8211;Lobesia botrana PHOMOPSIS CANE AND LEAF SPOT-Phomopsis viticola DOWNY MILDEW &#8211;Plasmopara viticola POWDERY MILDEW &#8211;Uncinula necator Recommended equipment Downy Mildew Pathogen The pathogen for Downy Mildew in grapes is Plasmopara viticola. 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