{"id":49909,"date":"2022-12-20T13:25:45","date_gmt":"2022-12-20T13:25:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49909"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:42:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:42:57","slug":"virtual-sensors","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/virtual-sensors\/","title":{"rendered":"Wirtualne czujniki"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49909\" class=\"elementor elementor-49909\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bfe4d00 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bfe4d00\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a231ae5\" data-id=\"a231ae5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a3c8e77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a3c8e77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">WIRTUALNE CZUJNIKI<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9e7d5b7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9e7d5b7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a76537e\" data-id=\"a76537e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02b6b47 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02b6b47\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#vpd\">DEFICYT CI\u015aNIENIA PARY<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-09fa2b5\" data-id=\"09fa2b5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af56434 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af56434\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#dew\">PUNKT DEW<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-62388b8\" data-id=\"62388b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09e18d8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"09e18d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#delta-t\">DELTA T<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c8e9f5c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c8e9f5c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a4ec0f1\" data-id=\"a4ec0f1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-31a17ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"31a17ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#pore-ec\">PORE EC<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8361b82\" data-id=\"8361b82\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9f50a85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9f50a85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#evapotranspiration\">EWAPOTRANSPIRACJA<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ebdb6de\" data-id=\"ebdb6de\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c07b983 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c07b983\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ede99c\" data-id=\"2ede99c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a4e512 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7a4e512\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1d28938 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1d28938\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5a6ff70\" data-id=\"5a6ff70\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0690020 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"0690020\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"vpd\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ec8155 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ec8155\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">VPD<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cd0f9c7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cd0f9c7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<strong style=\"color: #333333; font-family: 'Open Sans Condensed'; font-size: 17px;\">1. WPROWADZENIE<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>CO TO JEST DEFICYT CI\u015aNIENIA PARY WODNEJ?<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\nJe\u015bli masz METOS<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> urz\u0105dzenie z czujnikiem higroclip (temperatura powietrza i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna) teraz mo\u017cna r\u00f3wnie\u017c zobaczy\u0107 warto\u015bci deficytu ci\u015bnienia pary i wykres w <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.FieldClimate.com\">FieldClimate<\/a>.<\/span> Deficyt ci\u015bnienia pary wodnej (VPD) jest warto\u015bci\u0105 obliczan\u0105 na podstawie wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej i temperatury powietrza i pozostaje w \u015bcis\u0142ym zwi\u0105zku z ewapotranspiracj\u0105.\n<\/br><\/br>\nVPD jest wska\u017anikiem uwzgl\u0119dniaj\u0105cym wp\u0142yw temperatury na zdolno\u015b\u0107 zatrzymywania wody przez powietrze, co nap\u0119dza transpiracj\u0119 powierzchni li\u015bci (transpiracja wyst\u0119puje, gdy ci\u015bnienie wody w li\u015bciach jest wy\u017csze ni\u017c ci\u015bnienie pary wodnej w powietrzu).\n<\/br><\/br>\nJest to r\u00f3\u017cnica mi\u0119dzy ilo\u015bci\u0105 wilgoci w powietrzu a tym, ile wilgoci mo\u017ce utrzyma\u0107 powietrze, gdy jest nasycone (100 % RH). Gdy powietrze jest nasycone (para wodna zaczyna si\u0119 skrapla\u0107) tworz\u0105 si\u0119 chmury, rosa, pojawia si\u0119 wilgo\u0107 na li\u015bciach.\n<\/br><\/br>\nJe\u015bli mamy <strong>niska VPD<\/strong>, oznacza to, \u017ce <strong>RH<\/strong> jest <strong>wysoki<\/strong> oraz <strong>transpiracja<\/strong> jest <strong>niski<\/strong>, mamy te\u017c mokro\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci.\n<\/br><\/br>\nJe\u015bli mamy <strong>wysoka VPD<\/strong>, oznacza to, \u017ce <strong>RH<\/strong> jest <strong>niski<\/strong>, brak zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci, a ro\u015bliny musz\u0105 czerpa\u0107 wi\u0119cej wody swoimi korzeniami -. <strong>wysoka transpiracja<\/strong>.\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-table.jpg\" alt=\"Tabela VPD\" width=\"521\" height=\"599\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\nTabela 1: Pr\u0119\u017cno\u015b\u0107 pary (mBar) w r\u00f3\u017cnych temperaturach powietrza (\u00b0C) i wilgotno\u015bciach wzgl\u0119dnych (%).\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>CO JEST POTRZEBNE DO OBLICZE\u0143?<\/strong><\/br>\n- Temperatura powietrza (z HC)<\/br>\n- Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (z HC)\n<\/br><\/br>\nMo\u017cemy wtedy obliczy\u0107 ci\u015bnienie nasycenia. Ci\u015bnienie nasycenia mo\u017cna sprawdzi\u0107 na wykresie psychrometrycznym lub wyprowadzi\u0107 z r\u00f3wnania Arrheniusa, sposobem na obliczenie go bezpo\u015brednio z temperatury jest:\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-chart.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-chart\" width=\"622\" height=\"456\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 622px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 622\/456;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>Rysunek 1:<\/strong> Wykres psychrometryczny\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>JAK TO JEST POKAZANE W FieldClimate?<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/VPD-graph.jpg\" alt=\"Wykres VPD w FieldClimate\" width=\"1575\" height=\"458\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1575px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1575\/458;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>Rysunek 2:<\/strong> Wykres VPD na FieldClimate pokazuj\u0105cy deficyt ci\u015bnienia pary (mBar), temperatur\u0119 powietrza (\u00b0C) i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 (%).\n<\/br><\/br>\n&nbsp;\n<h4><strong>2. PRZYPADKI U\u017bYCIA<\/strong><\/h4>\n<strong>2.1 Zbyt wysokie VPD (zbyt niska wilgotno\u015b\u0107)<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\nSzybko\u015b\u0107 ewapotranspiracji z li\u015bci mo\u017ce przekroczy\u0107 dop\u0142yw wody przez korzenie - nast\u0105pi zamkni\u0119cie szpar i spowolnienie lub zatrzymanie fotosyntezy. Li\u015bcie s\u0105 nara\u017cone na uszkodzenia w wysokiej temperaturze, poniewa\u017c ch\u0142odzenie ewaporacyjne jest zmniejszone.\n<\/br><\/br>\nAby unikn\u0105\u0107 obra\u017ce\u0144 i \u015bmierci z powodu wi\u0119dni\u0119cia, wiele gatunk\u00f3w ro\u015blin zwija swoje li\u015bcie lub kieruje je w d\u00f3\u0142, pr\u00f3buj\u0105c wystawi\u0107 mniejsz\u0105 powierzchni\u0119 na dzia\u0142anie s\u0142o\u0144ca. Mo\u017ce to obni\u017cy\u0107 jako\u015b\u0107 ro\u015blin doniczkowych i li\u015bciowych, a tak\u017ce zmniejszy\u0107 tempo wzrostu i jako\u015b\u0107 upraw warzywnych.\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-ranges-rh-temp.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-ranges-rh-temp\" width=\"430\" height=\"361\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 430px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 430\/361;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/vpd-ranges.jpg\" alt=\"vpd-ranges\" width=\"388\" height=\"167\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 388px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 388\/167;\" \/>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.2 TOO LOW VPD (zbyt wysoka wilgotno\u015b\u0107)<\/strong>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Ro\u015bliny nie s\u0105 w stanie odparowa\u0107 wystarczaj\u0105cej ilo\u015bci wody, aby umo\u017cliwi\u0107 transport minera\u0142\u00f3w (wapnia) do rosn\u0105cych kom\u00f3rek ro\u015blinnych, nawet je\u015bli aparaty szparkowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 w pe\u0142ni otwarte.<\/li>\n \t<li>Przy ekstremalnie niskim VPD woda mo\u017ce skrapla\u0107 si\u0119 na li\u015bciach, owocach i innych cz\u0119\u015bciach ro\u015blin. Mo\u017ce to stanowi\u0107 po\u017cywk\u0119 dla rozwoju grzyb\u00f3w i chor\u00f3b.<\/li>\n \t<li>Przy niskim VPD mo\u017ce doj\u015b\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c do gutacji (ro\u015blina wydziela wod\u0119 z kom\u00f3rek li\u015bcia).<\/li>\n \t<li>Gdy ro\u015bliny nie s\u0105 w stanie odparowa\u0107 wody, nadmierne ci\u015bnienie turgorowe wewn\u0105trz kom\u00f3rek mo\u017ce powodowa\u0107 rozszczepianie i p\u0119kanie owoc\u00f3w (np. pomidora).<\/li>\n \t<li>W przypadku, gdy VPD jest na przemian zbyt wysokie i zbyt niskie, jako\u015b\u0107 owoc\u00f3w mo\u017ce ulec pogorszeniu w postaci p\u0119kni\u0119\u0107 skurczowych sk\u00f3rki owocu, poniewa\u017c ci\u015bnienie turgorowe na przemian rozszerza i kurczy wype\u0142nione wod\u0105 kom\u00f3rki owocu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.3 WYKORZYSTANIE VPD W PRZEDSZKOLU<\/strong>\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>1.<\/strong> Nowo ukorzenione sadzonki lub dopiero co wykie\u0142kowane siewki lub m\u0142ode ro\u015bliny, z ograniczonym ulistnieniem i ma\u0142ym systemem korzeniowym. Ro\u015bliny te powinny mie\u0107 nisk\u0105 transpiracj\u0119, wi\u0119c musimy utrzymywa\u0107 je w niskim VPD (4 - 8 mbar), aby osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 to wysokie RH musi by\u0107 ustanowione (w zale\u017cno\u015bci od temperatury).\n<\/br><\/br>\n<strong>2.<\/strong> Dobre ro\u015bliny, z rozwini\u0119tymi li\u015b\u0107mi i systemem korzeniowym. Ro\u015bliny te powinny mie\u0107 wy\u017csze VPD (8 - 12 mbar), co oznacza, \u017ce musimy utrzyma\u0107 nisk\u0105 wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 (zale\u017cn\u0105 od temperatury), oraz \u017ce mamy wysok\u0105 transpiracj\u0119. Udaje nam si\u0119 to osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Wi\u0119cej zdrowych ro\u015blin, ze wzgl\u0119du na ni\u017csze ci\u015bnienie chor\u00f3b (niskie RH).<\/li>\n \t<li>Wi\u0119ksze pobieranie sk\u0142adnik\u00f3w pokarmowych, ze wzgl\u0119du na wi\u0119ksz\u0105 aktywno\u015b\u0107 systemu korzeniowego (du\u017ca transpiracja), r\u00f3wnie\u017c wi\u0119ksze pobieranie wody.<\/li>\n \t<li>Je\u015bli utrzymamy wysokie VPD przy ni\u017cszej temperaturze (wy\u017cszej RH), unikniemy stresu transpiracyjnego.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-64c5074 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"64c5074\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7155275\" data-id=\"7155275\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcfbd53 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bcfbd53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"dew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6dfb758 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6dfb758\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PUNKT DEW<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ba4b8f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1ba4b8f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Punkt rosy to temperatura, w kt\u00f3rej powietrze jest nasycone par\u0105 wodn\u0105. Kiedy powietrze osi\u0105ga temperatur\u0119 punktu rosy przy danym ci\u015bnieniu, para wodna w powietrzu jest w r\u00f3wnowadze z ciek\u0142\u0105 wod\u0105, co oznacza, \u017ce para wodna skrapla si\u0119 w takim samym tempie, w jakim paruje ciek\u0142a woda.<\/p><p>Poni\u017cej punktu rosy, ciek\u0142a woda zacznie si\u0119 skrapla\u0107 na sta\u0142ych powierzchniach (takich jak \u017ad\u017ab\u0142a trawy) lub wok\u00f3\u0142 sta\u0142ych cz\u0105stek w atmosferze (takich jak py\u0142 lub s\u00f3l), tworz\u0105c chmury lub mg\u0142\u0119. Je\u015bli wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna wynosi 100%, temperatura punktu rosy jest taka sama jak temperatura powietrza. Zatem powietrze jest nasycone. Je\u015bli temperatura maleje, ale ilo\u015b\u0107 pary wodnej pozostaje sta\u0142a, woda zacznie si\u0119 skrapla\u0107. Ta skondensowana woda, gdy tylko utworzy si\u0119 na sta\u0142ej powierzchni, nazywana jest ros\u0105. Jest ona wyra\u017cana w stopniach Celsjusza (\u00b0C), jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c w stopniach Fahrenheita (\u00b0F).<\/p><p><strong><em>Aplikacje<\/em><\/strong><br \/>Temperatura punktu rosy mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cyta do przewidywania, kiedy\u00a0<strong>mr\u00f3z radiacyjny<\/strong>\u00a0b\u0119dzie mia\u0142o miejsce. Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli niebo jest czyste, wiatr jest lekki, a temperatura powietrza o godzinie 18 wynosi 7,2\u00b0C (45\u00b0F), ale punkt rosy wynosi -2,2\u00b0C (28\u00b0F), to istnieje mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 wyst\u0105pienia zab\u00f3jczego mrozu. Ponownie, jest to potencja\u0142, do kt\u00f3rego temperatura mo\u017ce spa\u015b\u0107 w idealnych warunkach, ale najprawdopodobniej nie jest to rzeczywista niska temperatura.<\/p><p>Wysokie punkty rosy mog\u0105 by\u0107 wykorzystane jako\u00a0<strong>przewidywanie powa\u017cnych zjawisk pogodowych<\/strong>. Im wy\u017cszy punkt rosy, tym wi\u0119cej wilgoci w powietrzu dla rozwoju ci\u0119\u017ckiej pogody. Je\u015bli punkt rosy jest ni\u017cszy ni\u017c 13\u00b0C (55\u00b0F) warunki s\u0105 generalnie\u00a0<strong>stabilny<\/strong>je\u015bli temperatura wynosi oko\u0142o 18\u00b0C (mi\u0119dzy 55 a 64\u00b0F), jest p\u00f3\u0142 wilgotna i\u00a0<strong>p\u00f3\u0142stabilny<\/strong>, oko\u0142o 18\u00b0C (65 do 74\u00b0F) wilgotne i\u00a0<strong>niestabilny<\/strong>\u00a0i powy\u017cej 23\u00b0C (74\u00b0F) bardzo wilgotne i\u00a0<strong>bardzo niestabilny<\/strong>. Istnieje wiele innych czynnik\u00f3w wymaganych przy ci\u0119\u017ckiej pogodzie, ale temperatura punktu rosy jest wa\u017cnym czynnikiem.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9b37f89 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9b37f89\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-460ee1f\" data-id=\"460ee1f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-db2aee2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"db2aee2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"delta-t\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f791dbd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f791dbd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">DELTA T<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47bd91d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47bd91d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a name=\"overview\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>1.PRZEGL\u0104D<\/strong><\/h4><p><strong>CO TO JEST DELTA T?<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Obliczenia Delta T wymagaj\u0105 zainstalowania na METOS czujnika higroskopijnego (temperatura powietrza i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna).<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> stacja: dane mog\u0105 by\u0107 przegl\u0105dane na FieldClimate w postaci wykres\u00f3w i tabel o szczeg\u00f3\u0142owej rozdzielczo\u015bci.<\/li><li>Jest to miara, kt\u00f3ra uwzgl\u0119dnia \u0142\u0105czny wp\u0142yw temperatury i wilgotno\u015bci i wskazuje, czy warunki klimatyczne s\u0105 odpowiednie do opryskiwania w celu maksymalizacji wydajno\u015bci pestycyd\u00f3w (A. MacGregor, 2010).<\/li><li>Optymalny zakres Delta T wynosi od 2\u00b0C do 8\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Mimo, \u017ce stosuje si\u0119 go przez ca\u0142y rok, to szczeg\u00f3lnie wykorzystywany jest w okresie letnim, gdy\u017c wy\u017csze temperatury i niska wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna powietrza ograniczaj\u0105 czas oprysku.<\/li><li>Monitoruj na bie\u017c\u0105co odczyt Delta T i ustaw wydajny oprysk zgodnie z harmonogramem. Warunki pogodowe mog\u0105 si\u0119 szybko zmienia\u0107 w ci\u0105gu dnia, wi\u0119c posiadanie mo\u017cliwo\u015bci monitorowania Delta T mo\u017ce pom\u00f3c w poprawieniu wydajno\u015bci pestycyd\u00f3w.<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40727 size-medium aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip-300x244.png\" alt=\"Pessl Instruments Hygroclip (temperatura powietrza i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna)\" width=\"300\" height=\"244\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip-300x244.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/04\/Pessl-Instruments-Hygroclip.png 716w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 300px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 300\/244;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Rysunek 1:<\/strong> Temperatura powietrza i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna Czujnik higroskopijny<\/p><p><a name=\"delta-t-calculations\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>2. OBLICZENIA DELTA T<\/strong><\/h4><h4>Potrzebne czujniki:<\/h4><ul><li>Temperatura powietrza (z hygroclipu)<\/li><li>Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (z hygroclipu)<\/li><\/ul><p>Delta T jest obliczana przez odj\u0119cie temperatury termometru mokrego od temperatury termometru suchego.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-49932 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations.png\" alt=\"Obliczenia Delta T\" width=\"550\" height=\"484\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations.png 770w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-300x264.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-768x676.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Delta-T-calculations-14x12.png 14w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/484;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Rysunek 2:<\/strong> Zale\u017cno\u015b\u0107 Delta T od temperatury i wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej. Powszechnie stosowan\u0105 zasad\u0105 jest opryskiwanie, gdy Delta T wynosi od 2 do 8, z zachowaniem ostro\u017cno\u015bci poni\u017cej 2 lub powy\u017cej 10 (obszary \u017c\u00f3\u0142te). Warto\u015b\u0107 Delta T powy\u017cej 8\u00b0C wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 z wy\u017csz\u0105 temperatur\u0105 i ni\u017csz\u0105 wilgotno\u015bci\u0105, je\u015bli jest ni\u017csza ni\u017c 2\u00b0C to wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 z wysokimi warto\u015bciami wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Adaptowane przez Gramae Tepper (2012) pierwotnie pochodz\u0105ce z tabeli decyzji opryskowych firmy Nufarm.<\/p><p><a name=\"delta-t-in-fieldclimate\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>3. DELTA T W KLIMACIE POLA<\/strong><\/h4><p>Delta T jest zintegrowana z <strong>Opryskiwanie okien klimatycznych<\/strong>. Jest ona dost\u0119pna jako 7-dniowa dok\u0142adna prognoza, obliczana co godzin\u0119 i skalibrowana na podstawie danych z Twojego METOS<sup>\u00ae<\/sup> stacja.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49934 lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t.jpg\" alt=\"FieldClimate-delta t\" width=\"1608\" height=\"464\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t.jpg 1608w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-300x87.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-1024x295.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-768x222.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-1536x443.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/FieldClimate-delta-t-18x5.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1608px) 100vw, 1608px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1608px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1608\/464;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Rysunek 3:<\/strong> Trend Delta T w odniesieniu do temperatury powietrza i wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej w <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.fieldclimate.com\/\">FieldClimate<\/a>.<\/span><\/p><p><a name=\"how-to-use-it\"><\/a><\/p><h4><strong>4. JAK U\u017bYWA\u0106<\/strong><\/h4><p>Przed ka\u017cdym opryskiem wymagane s\u0105 odczyty warunk\u00f3w pogodowych na miejscu, w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci zalecany jest zawsze odczyt na \u017cywo Delta T.<\/p><ul><li>Ustaw minimalny lub maksymalny pr\u00f3g dla ostrze\u017cenia SMS. Odczyt na \u017cywo Delta T jest aktualizowany co 5 minut.<\/li><li>W celu uzyskania bardziej efektywnego oprysku nale\u017cy po\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 Delta T z innymi parametrami pogodowymi, np. pr\u0119dko\u015bci\u0105 i kierunkiem wiatru: unika\u0107 zar\u00f3wno zmiennych, jak i porywistych lub zbyt spokojnych warunk\u00f3w wiatrowych.<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-49935 lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1393\" height=\"579\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t.jpg 1393w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-1024x426.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-768x319.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/use-delta-t-18x7.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1393px) 100vw, 1393px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1393px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1393\/579;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Rysunek 4:<\/strong> Wstawi\u0107 warto\u015bci brzegowe Delta T w FieldClimate.<\/p><p><strong><a>ZBYT NISKA DELTA T<\/a><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Czas prze\u017cycia kropli b\u0119dzie bardzo d\u0142ugi, co prowadzi do zwi\u0119kszonego potencja\u0142u znoszenia - unikaj oprysk\u00f3w z RH&gt;95%.<\/li><li>Spray nie b\u0119dzie sp\u0142ywa\u0142 z li\u015bci z powodu rosy lub mg\u0142y.<\/li><li>Unika\u0107 oprysku przy spokojnym wietrze - warstwa inwersyjna powoduje znoszenie cieczy roboczej.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><a>ZBYT WYSOKA DELTA T<\/a><\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Unikaj warto\u015bci wi\u0119kszych ni\u017c 10\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Unika\u0107 rozpylania w temperaturze powietrza powy\u017cej 28\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Potencjalny wp\u0142yw na prze\u017cywalno\u015b\u0107 kropli i szybko\u015b\u0107 parowania: kropla oprysku odparuje z li\u015bcia ro\u015bliny, zanim zd\u0105\u017cy wnikn\u0105\u0107 do tkanki ro\u015blinnej.<\/li><li>Sytuacje stresowe przy stosowaniu herbicyd\u00f3w.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d205af1 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d205af1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15ba5c9\" data-id=\"15ba5c9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcc9518 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bcc9518\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"pore-ec\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5ed35da elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5ed35da\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PORE EC<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5306f92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5306f92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dla czujnika Decagon 5TE mo\u017cna teraz obliczy\u0107 w FieldClimate Pore EC zgodnie z metod\u0105 przedstawion\u0105 w <em>Operatorzy 5TE. Instrukcja obs\u0142ugi Wersja 3 - Decagon<\/em>, forma pochodna Hilhorst, M.A. 2000. Aby aktywowa\u0107 obliczenia nale\u017cy je w\u0142\u0105czy\u0107 w <em>Konfiguracja wilgotno\u015bci gleby<\/em> jak wskazano na rys. 1. Obliczenia wymagaj\u0105 okre\u015blenia offsetu, kt\u00f3ry Decagon zaleca ustawi\u0107 r\u00f3wny 6. Jest to r\u00f3wnie\u017c warto\u015b\u0107 domy\u015blna wstawiona w FieldClimate, ale mo\u017cna j\u0105 zmieni\u0107 w polu wzgl\u0119dnym wskazanym na rys. 1, poniewa\u017c Hilhorst stosuje dla r\u00f3\u017cnych gleb i medi\u00f3w warto\u015bci od 1,9 do 7,6 i sugeruje stosowanie warto\u015bci \u015bredniej 4,1.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49942 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"625\" height=\"214\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec.png 625w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec-300x103.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/pore-ec-18x6.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 625px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 625\/214;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Rysunek 1<\/strong> - Tylko w przypadku czujnika Decagon 5TE: aktywacja obliczania EC por\u00f3w i ustawienie terminu przesuni\u0119cia.<\/p><p><strong>WA\u017bNA UWAGA:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Pami\u0119taj, \u017ce Bulk EC, Pore EC i Solution EC s\u0105 r\u00f3\u017cnymi zmiennymi.<\/li><li>Zastosowany model nie mo\u017ce by\u0107 stosowany w glebie suchej. Z regu\u0142y model ma zastosowanie dla wi\u0119kszo\u015bci normalnych gleb i innych pod\u0142o\u017cy, je\u015bli VWC &gt; 10% . W ka\u017cdym przypadku obliczenia s\u0105 wa\u017cne tylko przy przenikalno\u015bci obj\u0119to\u015bciowej wi\u0119kszej ni\u017c sk\u0142adnik przesuni\u0119cia.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6e1b814 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6e1b814\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba636a8\" data-id=\"ba636a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a34794e elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a34794e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"evapotranspiration\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1bf9f80 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1bf9f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">EWAPOTRANSPIRACJA<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d19f3cd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d19f3cd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>ET0 ewapotranspiracja dobowa obliczana jest r\u00f3wnaniem FAO-56 Penmana-Monteitha i wymaga pomiar\u00f3w (czujnik\u00f3w) o:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura powietrza<\/li><li>Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 powietrza<\/li><li>Promieniowanie s\u0142oneczne<\/li><li>Pr\u0119dko\u015b\u0107 wiatru<\/li><\/ul><p>ET0 informuje nas o tym, ile wody potrzebuje ro\u015blina do wzrostu ka\u017cdego dnia, w oparciu o zapotrzebowanie atmosferyczne. Woda ta pochodzi z wilgotno\u015bci gleby w strefie korzeniowej i\/lub z opad\u00f3w. W typowy gor\u0105cy dzie\u0144 uprawa kukurydzy mo\u017ce zu\u017cy\u0107 7 do 9 mm lub oko\u0142o 1\/3 cala wody. W ci\u0105gu tygodnia mo\u017ce to by\u0107 od 30 do 50 mm wody. To pozwala nam zaplanowa\u0107, ile potencjalnej wody jest potrzebne do utrzymania zdrowia i plon\u00f3w.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-49949 aligncenter lazyload\" data-src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration.jpg\" alt=\"ET - dzienna ewapotranspiracja\" width=\"1024\" height=\"511\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-300x150.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-768x383.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/ET-daily-evapotranspiration-18x9.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/511;\" \/><\/p><p>Inn\u0105 metod\u0105 oceny wska\u017anik\u00f3w ewapotranspiracji jest zastosowanie misek ewapotranspiracyjnych.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>VIRTUAL SENSORS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT DEW POINT DELTA T PORE EC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VPD 1. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT? If you have a METOS\u00ae device with hygroclip sensor (air temperature and relative humidity) now you can also see Vapour pressure deficit values and chart in FieldClimate. Vapour pressure deficit (VPD) is a value calculated [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49909","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/virtual-sensors\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Virtual sensors - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"VIRTUAL SENSORS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT DEW POINT DELTA T PORE EC EVAPOTRANSPIRATION VPD 1. INTRODUCTION WHAT IS VAPOUR PRESSURE DEFICIT? If you have a METOS\u00ae device with hygroclip sensor (air temperature and relative humidity) now you can also see Vapour pressure deficit values and chart in FieldClimate. 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