{"id":49821,"date":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T09:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49821"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:34:18","slug":"disease-models-turf-grass","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/disease-models-turf-grass\/","title":{"rendered":"Modele chor\u00f3b - trawa darniowa"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49821\" class=\"elementor elementor-49821\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-415c8b5 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"415c8b5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abe619a\" data-id=\"abe619a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93be70f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"93be70f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49654\" alt=\"Modele chor\u00f3b - trawy darniowe\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-turf-grass-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eaf8341 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eaf8341\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c99d4c3\" data-id=\"c99d4c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e922299 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e922299\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Trawa trawiasta<\/b> modele choroby\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc5aded elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc5aded\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cb0c2b0\" data-id=\"cb0c2b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ed3b31 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ed3b31\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-cotton-blight\">ZARAZA BAWE\u0141NY -<\/br><em>Zaraza fitowa<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7534dc6\" data-id=\"7534dc6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-07d5cdf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"07d5cdf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-dollar-spot\">DOLLAR SPOT -<\/br><em>Sclerotinia homoeocarpa<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2db0d2b\" data-id=\"2db0d2b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42f6aad elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"42f6aad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-brown-patch\">BROWN PATCH -<\/br><em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d62353 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d62353\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8ad78e\" data-id=\"a8ad78e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-65ff038 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"65ff038\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-snow-mold\">SNOW MOLD -<\/br><em>Typhula spp.<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-29e703c\" data-id=\"29e703c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd50176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fd50176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#turf-overseeding\">OVERSEEDING<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bb0220d\" data-id=\"bb0220d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94952ae elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94952ae\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd0fb48\" data-id=\"fd0fb48\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-908631f elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"908631f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a38f80b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a38f80b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac9d72c\" data-id=\"ac9d72c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c0dc779 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c0dc779\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bc43140 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bc43140\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2b864bd\" data-id=\"2b864bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f2f710c elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"f2f710c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-cotton-blight\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a62ff0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a62ff0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaraza bawe\u0142ny<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ba72bb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8ba72bb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroba Fitium, znana r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako Cotton Blight, Grease Spot jest wywo\u0142ywana przez kilka r\u00f3\u017cnych gatunk\u00f3w Pytium. Na Pythium podatne s\u0105 ch\u0142odnosezonowe trawy darniowe. W sprzyjaj\u0105cych warunkach ca\u0142a trawa mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 zniszczona w ci\u0105gu kilku dni.<\/p><h3>Symptomy<\/h3><p>Objawy Pythium pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 najpierw jako ma\u0142e, nieregularnie ukszta\u0142towane plamy, kt\u00f3re \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119 w du\u017ce plamy, kt\u00f3re cz\u0119sto s\u0105 d\u0142ugimi smugami. Pythium cz\u0119sto rozwija si\u0119 w te smugi, poniewa\u017c jest to kierunek ruchu wody (drena\u017c) najcz\u0119\u015bciej koleiny z w\u00f3zk\u00f3w golfowych i sprz\u0119tu do koszenia. Li\u015bcie trawy b\u0119d\u0105 na pocz\u0105tku wygl\u0105da\u0107 i czu\u0107, \u017ce s\u0105 nas\u0105czone wod\u0105, t\u0142uste lub o\u015blizg\u0142e. Gdy rosa lub wilgo\u0107 wyschnie, \u017ad\u017ab\u0142a b\u0119d\u0105 si\u0119 kurczy\u0107 i zapada\u0107, cz\u0119sto powoduj\u0105c matowienie br\u0105zowej darni. Na trawie zaczynaj\u0105 pojawia\u0107 si\u0119 plamy, kt\u00f3re zanikaj\u0105 do jasnobr\u0105zowego lub szarego koloru. Przy du\u017cej wilgotno\u015bci powietrza wczesnym rankiem lub w ci\u0105gu dnia chore li\u015bcie mog\u0105 by\u0107 pokryte bia\u0142ym, paj\u0119czym, ple\u015bniowym nalotem grzybni.<\/p><h3>Biologia<\/h3><p>Pythium mo\u017ce przetrwa\u0107 w glebie przez d\u0142u\u017cszy czas, cz\u0119sto pochodzi z resztek zaka\u017conych w przesz\u0142o\u015bci ro\u015blin lub zarodnik\u00f3w \u017cyj\u0105cych w glebie. Pythium rozprzestrzenia si\u0119 poprzez przenoszenie i wzrost grzybni i zarodnik\u00f3w z ro\u015bliny na ro\u015blin\u0119. Pythium rozwija si\u0119 w gor\u0105cych i wilgotnych warunkach pogodowych, zazwyczaj w temperaturach dziennych od 27\u00b0C do 35\u00b0C w miejscach o niewielkim ruchu powietrza, ale o du\u017cej wilgotno\u015bci. W ni\u017cszych temperaturach od 13\u00b0C do 18\u00b0C i przy d\u0142u\u017cszych okresach wilgotnej pogody Pythium jest nadal powszechne.<\/p><p>Pythium najcz\u0119\u015bciej pojawia si\u0119 podczas \"regu\u0142y 150\", czyli gdy temperatury dzie\u0144 + noc wynosz\u0105 ponad 66\u00b0C. Pythium wyst\u0119puje najcz\u0119\u015bciej, gdy rosa utrzymuje si\u0119 na \u017ad\u017able trawy przez 14 lub wi\u0119cej godzin. Trawy, kt\u00f3re maj\u0105 nadmiar azotu i bujny wzrost s\u0105 bardzo podatne na Pythiuum i b\u0119d\u0105 si\u0119 szybko rozprzestrzenia\u0107 ze wzgl\u0119du na wysoki poziom azotu.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alkali\">Alkaliczny<\/a>\u00a0gleby (o pH powy\u017cej 7) oraz\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Calcium\">wap\u0144<\/a>\u00a0Gleby z niedoborami r\u00f3wnie\u017c sprzyjaj\u0105 Pythium.3 Pythium prze\u017cywa zim\u0119 jako\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Oospore\">oospory<\/a>\u00a0znajduje si\u0119 w glebie. Patogen jest wi\u0119c \u0142atwo rozprzestrzeniany poprzez przemieszczanie si\u0119 chorych ro\u015blin, przemieszczanie si\u0119 gleby, wody powierzchniowe, a nawet przez buty. Pythium powoduje r\u00f3wnie\u017c \"t\u0142umienie\", \"gnicie nasion\" lub \"zgorzel siewek\" trawnik\u00f3w. Jest to najcz\u0119\u015bciej spotykane u \u017cycicy trwa\u0142ej (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">Lolium perenne<\/a>) i zdarza si\u0119 na obszarach, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wysoko powy\u017cej zalecanych dawek wysiewu. Pythium nie tylko dewastuje baldachim trawy, ale oomycete mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c atakowa\u0107 korzenie i korony, kt\u00f3re ogranicz\u0105 wzrost, stan\u0105 si\u0119 niekolorowe i spowoduj\u0105 przerzedzenie darni.<\/p><h3>Warunki<\/h3><ul><li>Zaka\u017cenie i rozw\u00f3j choroby zwi\u0105zane s\u0105 z temperatur\u0105 powietrza w ci\u0105gu dnia powy\u017cej 30\u00b0C<\/li><li>temperatury w nocy s\u0105 powy\u017cej 20\u00b0C<\/li><li>wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej przez 15 lub wi\u0119cej godzin powy\u017cej 90%.<\/li><li>przy wysokim nawo\u017ceniu azotem wydaj\u0105 si\u0119 by\u0107 bardziej podatne na chorob\u0119, podobnie jak m\u0142ode kie\u0142kuj\u0105ce siewki, dlatego te\u017c nale\u017cy zachowa\u0107 ostro\u017cno\u015b\u0107 podczas siewu w okresie upa\u0142\u00f3w<\/li><\/ul><p>Model pokazuje okres riksowy 27 lipca, poniewa\u017c w tym dniu wyznaczono ponad 15 godzin wilgotno\u015bci wzgl\u0119dnej powy\u017cej 90%, a temperatura wynosi\u0142a od 20 do 35\u00b0C. Okres wilgotny po tej dacie nie wykazuje zagro\u017cenia, poniewa\u017c temperatura by\u0142a zbyt niska.<\/p><h3>Kontrola<\/h3><p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Poa_pratensis\">Kentucky bluegrass<\/a>\u00a0oraz\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Festuca\">Kostrzewa<\/a>\u00a0s\u0105 mniej podatne na zaraz\u0119 Pythium ni\u017c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lolium_perenne\">\u017bycica trwa\u0142a<\/a>\u00a0oraz\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Agrostis\">Bentgrass<\/a>. Tworzenie \u015brodowiska, kt\u00f3re obejmuje odpowiedni drena\u017c, dobry ruch powietrza i zr\u00f3wnowa\u017con\u0105 p\u0142odno\u015b\u0107 pomo\u017ce zapobiec chorobie. Usuwanie\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dew\">rosa<\/a>\u00a0podczas gor\u0105cej i wilgotnej pogody r\u00f3wnie\u017c pomo\u017ce zapobiec Pythium. Ropa mo\u017ce by\u0107 usuni\u0119ta z trawy poprzez koszenie, u\u017cycie dmuchawy plecakowej lub przeci\u0105gni\u0119cie w\u0119\u017ca przez traw\u0119. Zainstaluj wewn\u0119trzny system drena\u017cu, je\u015bli masz powa\u017cne problemy z drena\u017cem. Nale\u017cy poprawi\u0107 cyrkulacj\u0119 powietrza (zainstalowa\u0107 wentylatory, usun\u0105\u0107 drzewa lub krzewy) i unika\u0107 praktyk nawadniania, kt\u00f3re pozostawiaj\u0105 wilgo\u0107 na \u017ad\u017ab\u0142ach trawy przez d\u0142u\u017cszy czas. Odpowiednia\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aeration\">program napowietrzania<\/a>\u00a0z\u0142agodzi zag\u0119szczenie i poprawi drena\u017c. Napowietrzanie powinno corocznie zak\u0142\u00f3ca\u0107 od 15-20% ca\u0142kowitej powierzchni. Upewnij si\u0119, \u017ce nie stosujesz nadmiaru azotu do gleby. Unikaj stosowania nawoz\u00f3w o szybkim uwalnianiu, spr\u00f3buj u\u017cy\u0107 wolno uwalniaj\u0105cych si\u0119 \u017ar\u00f3de\u0142 amonu. Je\u015bli pH gleby jest powy\u017cej 6,5 to nale\u017cy stosowa\u0107\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ammonium_sulfate%22\">siarczan amonu<\/a>co spowoduje zakwaszenie gleby. Wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 zr\u00f3wnowa\u017conych program\u00f3w \u017cyzno\u015bci dla trawnik\u00f3w Kentucky Bluegrass sk\u0142ada si\u0119 z zastosowania dw\u00f3ch do pi\u0119ciu funt\u00f3w azotu\/1000 st\u00f3p kwadratowych rocznie.<\/p><p><em>Referencje:<\/em><\/p><ul><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.missouribotanicalgarden.org\/gardens-gardening\/your-garden\/help-for-the-home-gardener\/advice-tips-resources\/pests-and-problems\/diseases\/rot\/pythium-blight-of-turf.aspx\">Ogr\u00f3d Botaniczny Missouri<\/a><\/span><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/pythium\">Zarz\u0105dzanie chorobami trawnik\u00f3w<\/a><\/span><em><br \/><\/em><\/li><li><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/turfgrass\/pythium-blight-grease-spot\/\">UC IPM<\/a><\/span><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-09c04bd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"09c04bd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a45f45f\" data-id=\"a45f45f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-688dc58 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"688dc58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-28e0bdf elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"28e0bdf\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ae04247\" data-id=\"ae04247\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c4b42a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c4b42a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-dollar-spot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a693459 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a693459\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Spot dolara<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dbdd717 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dbdd717\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroba Dollar Spot jest wywo\u0142ywana przez patogeniczny gatunek grzyba Sclerotinia homoeocarpa i infekuje li\u015bcie trawnik\u00f3w o ciep\u0142ej i ch\u0142odnej porze roku.<\/p><p>Na zaatakowanych trawach pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 bia\u0142e lub s\u0142omkowe zmiany, kt\u00f3re post\u0119puj\u0105 w d\u00f3\u0142 od czubka li\u015bcia lub w poprzek blaszki li\u015bciowej. Br\u0105zowa obw\u00f3dka zazwyczaj otacza ka\u017cd\u0105 zmian\u0119. Starsze zmiany na wy\u017cej skoszonej trawie cz\u0119sto maj\u0105 kszta\u0142t klepsydry, s\u0105 w\u0119\u017csze w \u015brodku ni\u017c na g\u00f3rze lub na dole. Pojedyncze blaszki li\u015bciowe mog\u0105 zawiera\u0107 wiele ma\u0142ych zmian lub jedn\u0105 du\u017c\u0105 zmian\u0119, mo\u017ce te\u017c doj\u015b\u0107 do pora\u017cenia ca\u0142ej blaszki. Pora\u017cone li\u015bcie ulegaj\u0105 pora\u017ceniu, zmieniaj\u0105c kolor z bia\u0142ego na s\u0142omkowy, gdy zmiany rozszerzaj\u0105 si\u0119 i \u0142\u0105cz\u0105. Pora\u017cone li\u015bcie tworz\u0105 skupiska, kt\u00f3re wygl\u0105daj\u0105 jak okr\u0105g\u0142e, zapadni\u0119te plamy o \u015brednicy od  10 cm. Na polach golfowych i innych \u015bci\u015ble koszonych terenach plamy maj\u0105 kolor od bia\u0142ego do s\u0142omkowego, a ich \u015brednica jest podobna do \u015brednicy srebrnego dolara, st\u0105d nazwa plama dolarowa.<\/p><p>Plamy dolarowe mog\u0105 przekszta\u0142ci\u0107 si\u0119 w du\u017ce, s\u0142omkowe obszary zarazy o \u015brednicy od 15 cm do 3 metr\u00f3w. Obszary murawy dotkni\u0119te plamami dolarowymi cz\u0119sto staj\u0105 si\u0119 przerzedzone i naje\u017cd\u017cane przez gatunki chwast\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Nale\u017cy pami\u0119ta\u0107, \u017ce objawy dollar spot, Pythium blight i br\u0105zowej plamy mog\u0105 by\u0107 podobne w pewnych stadiach rozwoju choroby. Zazwyczaj dolarowa plamisto\u015b\u0107 nie jest zwi\u0105zana z szybkim zabijaniem ro\u015blin trawnikowych, jak to ma miejsce w przypadku Pythium blight czy Rhizoctonia brown patch. Grzyby powoduj\u0105ce dolarow\u0105 plamisto\u015b\u0107 i brunatn\u0105 plamisto\u015b\u0107 cz\u0119sto wytwarzaj\u0105 wyra\u017ane zmiany na zainfekowanych li\u015bciach, ale Pythium blight nie. Mimo, \u017ce objawy dollar spot s\u0105 ograniczone do nadziemnych cz\u0119\u015bci ro\u015blin darniowych, Sclerotinia homoeocarpa wytwarza metabolit, kt\u00f3ry jest toksyczny dla korzeni bentgrass. Toksyna powoduje, \u017ce korzenie grubiej\u0105, przestaj\u0105 si\u0119 wyd\u0142u\u017ca\u0107 i staj\u0105 si\u0119 pozbawione w\u0142osk\u00f3w.<\/p><h3>Biologia i cykl chorobowy<\/h3><p>Patogen grzybowy wnika do li\u015bci bezpo\u015brednio tworz\u0105c appressoirum lub wnikaj\u0105c przez szpar\u0119 lub przeci\u0119te ko\u0144c\u00f3wki li\u015bci. Hypary rosn\u0105 i kolonizuj\u0105 kom\u00f3rki epidermy i mezofilu. Patogen grzybowy wydziela r\u00f3wnie\u017c enzymy i toksyny, co skutkuje nekrostyk\u0105 tkanek. W zaka\u017conych ro\u015blinach grzyb prze\u017cywa w postaci grzybni lub stromaty, natomiast zarodniki nie s\u0105 wytwarzane.<\/p><h3>Warunki wyst\u0119powania choroby<\/h3><ul><li>optymalne temperatury pomi\u0119dzy 15\u00b0C a 32\u00b0C<\/li><li>d\u0142ugie okresy zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci przez ros\u0119, deszcz, nawadnianie<\/li><li>najbardziej rozpowszechnione w okresie wiosennym i jesiennym.<\/li><li>niska wilgotno\u015b\u0107 gleby (kt\u00f3ra stresuje ro\u015blin\u0119 i czyni j\u0105 bardziej podatn\u0105 na patogen)<\/li><li>Trawniki przy niskiej \u017cyzno\u015bci azotu wykazuj\u0105 wi\u0119ksz\u0105 plamisto\u015b\u0107 dolarow\u0105 ni\u017c trawy przy optymalnej \u017cyzno\u015bci.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Referencje:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Allen, T.W., A. Martinez, and L.L. Burpee. 2005. Dollar spot trawnik\u00f3w. The Plant Health Instructor. DOI:10.1094\/PHI-I-2005-0217-02)<\/li><li>Couch, H.B. 1995. Diseases of Turfgrasses. Krieger Publishing Company, Malabar, FL.<\/li><li>Detweiler, A.R., J.M. Vargas, Jr., and T.K. Danneberger. 1983. Resistance of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa to iprodione and benomyl. Plant Dis. 67: 627-630.<\/li><li>Endo, R.M. 1966. Control of dollar spot of turfgrass by nitrogen and its probable basis. Phytopathology 56: 877<\/li><li>Golembiewski, R.C., J.M. Vargas, Jr, A.L. Jones, and A.R. Detweiler. 1995. Detection of demethylation inhibitor (DMI) resistance in Sclerotinia homoeocarpa populations. Plant Dis. 79: 491-493.<\/li><li>Goodman, D.M. i L.L. Burpee. 1991. Biological control of dollar spot disease of creeping bentgrass. Phytopathology 81: 1438-1446.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. i C.M. Craft 1991. Introduction and establishment of strains of Enterobacter cloacae in golf course turf for the biological control of dollar spot. Plant Dis. 75: 510-514.<\/li><li>Nelson, E.B. i C.M. Craft. 1992. Suppression of dollar spot on creeping bentgrass and annual bluegrass turf with compost-amended topdressings. Plant Dis. 76: 954-958.<\/li><li>Smiley, R.W., P.H. Dernoeden, and B.B. Clarke. 1992. Compendium of Turfgrass Diseases 2nd ed. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.<\/li><li>Smith, J.D., N. Jackson, and A.R. Woolhouse. 1989. Fungal Diseases of Amenity Turf Grasses. E. &amp; F.N. Spon, Ltd. New York, NY.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr. 1994. Management of turfgrass diseases. 2nd ed. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.<\/li><li>Vargas, J.M., Jr, R. Golembiewski, and A.R. Detweiler. 1992. Dollar spot resistance to DMI fungicides. Golf Course Management 60: 50-54.<\/li><li>Williams, D.W., A.J. Powell, P. Vincelli, and C.T. Dougherty. 1996. Dollar spot on bentgrass influenced by displacement of leaf surface moisture, nitrogen, and clipping removal. Crop Sci. 36: 1304-1309.<\/li><li>Zhou, T. i G.J. Boland. 1998. Suppression of dollar spot by hypovirulent isolates of Sclerotinia homoeocarpa. Phytopathology 88: 788-794.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e225391 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e225391\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0dca6cb\" data-id=\"0dca6cb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80ffb8d elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"80ffb8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e2f3134 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e2f3134\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-610faa8\" data-id=\"610faa8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-285ae75 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"285ae75\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-brown-patch\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33d540f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"33d540f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Br\u0105zowa \u0142ata<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-777faed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"777faed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Czujniki:<\/span> Temperatura gleby, opady i temperatura powietrza potrzebne<\/p><p>Choroba Brown Patch jest wywo\u0142ywana przez patogen grzybowy\u00a0<em>Rhizoctonia solani<\/em>\u00a0i wyst\u0119puje w okresie letnim na polach golfowych i trawnikach. Najbardziej podatnymi gatunkami traw s\u0105: \u017cycica trwa\u0142a, bentgrass i\u00a0<em>Festuca arundinacea<\/em>(kostrzewa wysoka lub Rohrschwingel).<\/p><h3>Objawy i oznaki<\/h3><p>Wczesnym rankiem na pokrytej ros\u0105 murawie, bia\u0142a grzybnia grzyba sprawcy mo\u017ce by\u0107 cz\u0119sto widoczna na i pomi\u0119dzy li\u015b\u0107mi trawy i \u0142odygami w \u0142acie. Czasami ca\u0142a trawa w obr\u0119bie \u0142aty zostaje zabita, tworz\u0105c efekt zapadni\u0119tej lub \"kieszeni\". Cz\u0119\u015bciej jednak dar\u0144 w tych plamach jest przerzedzona, a nie ca\u0142kowicie zabita. Czasami nie wida\u0107 \u017cadnego kolistego wzoru, a choroba objawia si\u0119 jako rozproszona plaga.<\/p><p>Na kostrzewie wysokiej objawy brunatnej plamisto\u015bci mog\u0105 by\u0107 obserwowane na pojedynczych li\u015bciach, a nie koniecznie w \u0142atach. Objawy na li\u015bciach pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 jako nieregularne, br\u0105zowe lub jasnobr\u0105zowe zmiany otoczone ciemnobr\u0105zowymi obw\u00f3dkami. W ci\u0119\u017ckich przypadkach ca\u0142e stanowisko mo\u017ce wygl\u0105da\u0107 na odbarwione i przerzedzone.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52970 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg\" alt=\"Trawa trawiasta_patch-1\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-1-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Symptomy br\u0105zowej plamy na putting green z bentgrass pe\u0142zaj\u0105cej; zauwa\u017c ciemne pier\u015bcienie na obrze\u017cach plamy (smoke rings). \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o zdj\u0119cia:\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/plantscience.psu.edu\/research\/centers\/turf\/extension\/factsheets\/managing-diseases\/brown-patch).\">Nauka o ro\u015blinach<\/a><\/em><\/p><p>Cech\u0105 wyr\u00f3\u017cniaj\u0105c\u0105 brunatn\u0105 plamisto\u015b\u0107 na polu golfowym jest obecno\u015b\u0107 ciemnofioletowych pier\u015bcieni na obrze\u017cach plam. S\u0105 one nazywane pier\u015bcieniami dymnymi. Dymne pier\u015bcienie s\u0105 bardziej wyra\u017ane we wczesnych godzinach porannych, zwykle zanikaj\u0105c do po\u0142udnia.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52974 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg\" alt=\"Turf Grass Patch\" width=\"680\" height=\"426\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2.jpg 680w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-300x188.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/Turf-grass_patch-2-18x12.jpg 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 680px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 680\/426;\" \/><\/p><p><em>Objawy brunatnej plamisto\u015bci na li\u015bciach kostrzewy bia\u0142ej; uwaga na nieregularne, jasnobr\u0105zowe zmiany z ciemnobr\u0105zowymi obw\u00f3dkami. \u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o zdj\u0119cia: <a href=\"https:\/\/extension.psu.edu\/managing-turfgrass-diseases\">Nauka o ro\u015blinach<\/a><\/em><\/p><h3>Cykl chorobowy<\/h3><p><em>R. solanii<\/em>\u00a0zimuje w postaci cia\u0142ek spoczynkowych zwanych sklerotami, w zainfekowanych tkankach traw lub w glebie. Grzyb jest w stanie przetrwa\u0107 w glebie przez lata przy braku podatnej trawy. Aktywno\u015b\u0107 choroby jest powszechna, gdy\u00a0<em>wilgotno\u015b\u0107 powierzchniowa jest wysoka<\/em>, temperatury w nocy s\u0105 powy\u017cej\u00a0<em>20\u00b0C, a temperatury w ci\u0105gu dnia \u015brednio 27\u00b0C<\/em>\u00a0lub powy\u017cej. Deszczowa pogoda i nasycona atmosfera (wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna 100%) znacznie przyspieszaj\u0105 rozw\u00f3j choroby. Nasilenie chor\u00f3b jest wi\u0119ksze na bujnej, soczystej trawie utrzymywanej przy wysokim poziomie azotu ni\u017c na trawie utrzymywanej przy umiarkowanym poziomie.<\/p><h3>Kontrola kulturowa<\/h3><p>Stosowanie nawoz\u00f3w azotowych na murawach o znanej historii br\u0105zowej plamy podczas gor\u0105cej i wilgotnej pogody mo\u017ce stworzy\u0107 potrzeb\u0119 zastosowania fungicyd\u00f3w w celu kontroli choroby. Usuwanie rosy lub wody gutacyjnej, kt\u00f3ra zbiera si\u0119 na li\u015bciach trawy ka\u017cdego ranka, okaza\u0142o si\u0119 skuteczne jako pomoc w ograniczaniu br\u0105zowej plamy. Usuwanie to mo\u017cna osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 poprzez koszenie lub przeci\u0105ganie w\u0119\u017ca z wod\u0105 przez ten obszar. Niezb\u0119dne podlewanie nale\u017cy wykona\u0107 w takim czasie, aby trawa zd\u0105\u017cy\u0142a wyschn\u0105\u0107 przed zapadni\u0119ciem zmroku.<\/p><h3>Kontrola chemiczna<\/h3><p>Zabiegi fungicydowe powinny by\u0107 konieczne tylko na wysokowarto\u015bciowych murawach \u017cytnich lub bentgrass. Zabiegi fungicydowe s\u0105 zazwyczaj wykonywane w celach leczniczych; pierwszy oprysk powinien by\u0107 wykonany natychmiast po wyst\u0105pieniu objaw\u00f3w, zw\u0142aszcza je\u015bli spodziewana jest d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142a, gor\u0105ca i wilgotna pogoda. W miejscach, gdzie brunatna plamisto\u015b\u0107 powoduje silne przerzedzenie na putting greens, uzasadnione mo\u017ce by\u0107 zapobiegawcze stosowanie fungicyd\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Warunki do wyst\u0105pienia chor\u00f3b to temperatura w nocy oko\u0142o 20\u00b0C, a w dzie\u0144 oko\u0142o 25\u00b0C oraz wysoka wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna (deszcz, rosa).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aae4c8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aae4c8\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-eb9d3b8\" data-id=\"eb9d3b8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d74df0a elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"d74df0a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-768d484 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"768d484\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4774e36\" data-id=\"4774e36\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c298dfe elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c298dfe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-snow-mold\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bbf7a67 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bbf7a67\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e46e453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e46e453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroba grzybowa Ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa wyst\u0119puje wczesn\u0105 wiosn\u0105 po roztopieniu si\u0119 \u015bniegu. Dwa rodzaje ple\u015bni \u015bniegowej (szara i r\u00f3\u017cowa) uaktywniaj\u0105 si\u0119 pod pokryw\u0105 \u015bnie\u017cn\u0105 i s\u0105 wywo\u0142ywane przez grzyb\u00a0<em>Typhula spp.<\/em>(szara ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa) i Microdochium nivalis (r\u00f3\u017cowa ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa).<\/p><p>Szara ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa prze\u017cywa gor\u0105ce letnie temperatury w glebie lub w zainfekowanych resztkach ro\u015blinnych w postaci sklerot, odpornych struktur grzybowych, natomiast r\u00f3\u017cowa ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa prze\u017cywa w postaci grzybni lub zarodnik\u00f3w w zainfekowanych resztkach ro\u015blinnych.<\/p><p>Rozw\u00f3j grzyb\u00f3w rozpoczyna si\u0119 zim\u0105, pod pokryw\u0105 \u015bniegu na niezamarzni\u0119tej ziemi. Rozw\u00f3j mo\u017ce odbywa\u0107 si\u0119 w temperaturze nieco poni\u017cej zera i mo\u017ce by\u0107 kontynuowany po stopnieniu \u015bniegu, tak d\u0142ugo jak trawa pozostaje ch\u0142odna i wilgotna. Aktywno\u015b\u0107 szarej ple\u015bni \u015bniegowej ustaje, gdy temperatura przekroczy 7\u00b0C lub gdy powierzchnia wyschnie. Aktywno\u015b\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cowej ple\u015bni \u015bniegowej mo\u017ce by\u0107 kontynuowana podczas wilgotnej pogody jesieni\u0105 i wiosn\u0105, dop\u00f3ki temperatura wynosi od 0\u00b0C do 15\u00b0C.<\/p><h3>Symptomy<\/h3><p>Objawy s\u0105 najpierw widoczne w trawniku jako okr\u0105g\u0142e, s\u0142omkowe plamy, gdy \u015bnieg topnieje na wiosn\u0119. Te plamy nadal powi\u0119ksza\u0107 tak d\u0142ugo, jak trawa pozostaje zimna i mokra. Trawa w obr\u0119bie plamy cz\u0119sto ma matowy wygl\u0105d i kolorowy wzrost grzyba. Wzrost grzyb\u00f3w mo\u017ce obejmowa\u0107 ca\u0142\u0105 \u0142at\u0119 lub rozwija\u0107 si\u0119 wzd\u0142u\u017c kraw\u0119dzi, z szar\u0105 ple\u015bni\u0105 \u015bnie\u017cn\u0105 jest bia\u0142y do szarego koloru i r\u00f3\u017cow\u0105 ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bnie\u017cn\u0105 jest bia\u0142y do r\u00f3\u017cowego koloru. Niekiedy z zainfekowanej murawy mog\u0105 wyrasta\u0107 owocniki grzyb\u00f3w. Twarde struktury, zwane sklerotami, mog\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c rozwija\u0107 si\u0119 na li\u015bciach i koronach ro\u015blin zainfekowanych szar\u0105 ple\u015bni\u0105 \u015bniegow\u0105, a nie r\u00f3\u017cow\u0105. Sklerocja maj\u0105 kulisty kszta\u0142t i s\u0105 mniej wi\u0119cej wielko\u015bci g\u0142\u00f3wki od szpilki. Ich obecno\u015b\u0107 pomaga odr\u00f3\u017cni\u0107 szar\u0105 ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegow\u0105 od r\u00f3\u017cowej.<\/p><p>Ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bniegowa nie wyst\u0119puje w przydomowym trawniku co roku, ale najcz\u0119\u015bciej pojawia si\u0119 w latach, w kt\u00f3rych wczesna, g\u0142\u0119boka pokrywa \u015bnie\u017cna zapobiega zamarzaniu ziemi. Mro\u017ana, otwarta zima nie b\u0119dzie sprzyja\u0107 rozwojowi ple\u015bni \u015bniegowej, ale mo\u017ce powodowa\u0107 uszkodzenia zimowe. Szkody spowodowane przez ple\u015b\u0144 \u015bnie\u017cn\u0105 rzadko s\u0105 powa\u017cne. Na og\u00f3\u0142 zainfekowane obszary nieco wolniej si\u0119 zieleni\u0105. Delikatnie grabi dotkni\u0119tych obszarach trawnika, aby promowa\u0107 suszenia i zapobiec dalszemu wzrostowi grzyba. \u015arodki grzybob\u00f3jcze nie s\u0105 zwykle zalecane, ale w ci\u0119\u017ckich przypadkach pomocny mo\u017ce by\u0107 spray zapobiegawczy.<\/p><p>Aby zminimalizowa\u0107 szkody w przysz\u0142ych latach mo\u017cna podj\u0105\u0107 nast\u0119puj\u0105ce kroki:<\/p><ul><li>Unika\u0107 nadmiernego stosowania nawoz\u00f3w azotowych jesieni\u0105.<\/li><li>Kontynuuj koszenie trawnika na zalecanej wysoko\u015bci, a\u017c przestanie on aktywnie rosn\u0105\u0107. Im wy\u017csza trawa, tym wi\u0119ksze prawdopodobie\u0144stwo, \u017ce zmatowieje i b\u0119dzie sprzyja\u0107 rozwojowi ple\u015bni \u015bniegowej.<\/li><li>Jesieni\u0105 zgrabi\u0107 li\u015bcie.<\/li><li>Zarz\u0105dzaj warstw\u0105 strzechy, aby unikn\u0105\u0107 nagromadzenia wi\u0119cej ni\u017c \u00bd cala.<\/li><li>Roz\u0142\u00f3\u017c du\u017ce stosy \u015bniegu, aby zach\u0119ci\u0107 do szybkiego topnienia. Stosuj p\u0142otki przeciw\u015bnie\u017cne, aby zminimalizowa\u0107 gromadzenie si\u0119 \u015bniegu w problematycznych miejscach.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Sygnatura:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Lamey, H. Arthur, Cynthia L. Ash, and Ward C. Stienstra. 1988. Choroby trawnik\u00f3w, PP-950(ND) lub AG- FO-3386(MN). NDSU Extension Service, North Dakota State University. MN Extension Service, University of Minnesota.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0e15ad elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a0e15ad\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c8821a8\" data-id=\"c8821a8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-493e9c4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"493e9c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-021e9f7 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"021e9f7\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa77b81\" data-id=\"fa77b81\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a7c2b6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a7c2b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"turf-overseeding\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-287b18e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"287b18e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Overseeding<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35a13f7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"35a13f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Do skutecznego wykonania trawersu potrzebne s\u0105:<\/p><ul><li>Wybierz odpowiednie nasiona.<\/li><li>Odpowiednie przygotowanie i czas wykonania zabiegu podsiewu.<\/li><li>Starannie piel\u0119gnowa\u0107 przewiercon\u0105 traw\u0119.<\/li><li>I uwa\u017cnie zarz\u0105dzaj wiosennym przej\u015bciem z powrotem na traw\u0119 ciep\u0142olubn\u0105.<\/li><\/ul><p>Przez ca\u0142y rok nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c dba\u0107 o zdrow\u0105 muraw\u0119 ciep\u0142olubn\u0105. Szczeg\u00f3lnie wa\u017cne jest utrzymywanie \u017cyznej gleby, \u0142agodzenie jej zag\u0119szczenia i zapobieganie nadmiernej strzechy.<\/p><p>W\u0142a\u015bciwy materia\u0142 siewny to trawa o cechach najlepiej dostosowanych do konkretnych potrzeb. \u017bycice roczne szybko zosta\u0142y zast\u0105pione przez \u017cycice wieloletnie ze wzgl\u0119du na ich lepsz\u0105 jako\u015b\u0107, tolerancj\u0119 na stres i szkodniki oraz \u0142atwo\u015b\u0107 w zarz\u0105dzaniu. Nale\u017cy r\u00f3wnie\u017c stosowa\u0107 nasiona zaprawione \u015brodkami grzybob\u00f3jczymi, takimi jak Apron czy Koban. Dotyczy to zw\u0142aszcza wczesnej jesieni, poniewa\u017c choroby zwi\u0105zane z zaraz\u0105 siewek mog\u0105 by\u0107 w tym czasie problemem.<\/p><p>W\u0142a\u015bciwa dawka wysiewu zale\u017cy od tego, jak ma wygl\u0105da\u0107 i jak du\u017cy ruch ma wytrzyma\u0107 murawa. Obszary o wi\u0119kszym nat\u0119\u017ceniu ruchu wymagaj\u0105 wy\u017cszych dawek wysiewu. Jednak wi\u0119ksza ilo\u015b\u0107 wysiewu mo\u017ce r\u00f3wnie\u017c oznacza\u0107 trudniejsze przej\u015bcie wiosn\u0105.<\/p><h3>Warunki do podsiewu<\/h3><ul><li>Temperatura gleby na g\u0142\u0119boko\u015bci 4 cali zbli\u017ca si\u0119 do 24\u00b0C.<\/li><li>Temperatury nocne stale w okolicach 10\u00b0C.<\/li><li>\u015arednia temperatura w po\u0142udnie poni\u017cej 21\u00b0C, lub dwa do czterech tygodni przed \u015brednim rocznym pierwszym zab\u00f3jczym przymrozkiem.<\/li><\/ul><p>Najlepszym sposobem na pomy\u015blne przeprowadzenie zabiegu dosiewania jest uzyskanie dobrego kontaktu gleby z nasionami. Przygotowanie \u0142o\u017ca siewnego sk\u0142ada si\u0119 zazwyczaj z dok\u0142adnego koszenia lub skalpowania, z lekkim koszeniem pionowym, oraz zamiatania lub odkurzania lu\u017anych resztek ro\u015blinnych.<\/p><p>W Polowym Klimacie pokazujemy optymalne terminy podsiewu gatunk\u00f3w trawiastych w sezonie WARM (GPW) lub COLD (GPC).<\/p><p><em>\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142a:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Gil Landry, dr, koordynator - The Center for Urban Agriculture, The University of Georgia.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0f966b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e0f966b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-51d79e7\" data-id=\"51d79e7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d6e28ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d6e28ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69b49bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"69b49bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-00c11ec elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"00c11ec\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b2cbb57\" data-id=\"b2cbb57\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-442579e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"442579e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Sprawd\u017a, jaki zestaw czujnik\u00f3w jest potrzebny do monitorowania potencjalnych chor\u00f3b tej uprawy.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b1f8908\" data-id=\"b1f8908\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-34de458 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"34de458\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POBRA\u0106 ARKUSZ KALKULACYJNY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. Under favourable conditions, the whole turfgrass [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49821","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/disease-models-turf-grass\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - turf grass - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Turf grass disease models COTTON BLIGHT \u2013Phytium blight DOLLAR SPOT \u2013Sclerotinia homoeocarpa BROWN PATCH \u2013Rhizoctonia solani SNOW MOLD \u2013Typhula spp. OVERSEEDING Recommended equipment Cotton blight The disease Phytium blight, also known as Cotton Blight, Grease Spot is caused by several different Pytium species. Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. 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Cool-season turfgrasses are susceptible to Pythium. 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