{"id":49800,"date":"2022-12-12T13:11:30","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T13:11:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49800"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:33:45","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:33:45","slug":"disease-models-strawberry","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/disease-models-strawberry\/","title":{"rendered":"Modele chor\u00f3b - truskawka"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49800\" class=\"elementor elementor-49800\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-92cddf0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"92cddf0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7ee151e\" data-id=\"7ee151e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f91e38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2f91e38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49651\" alt=\"Modele chor\u00f3b - truskawka\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-strawberry-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9bdda49 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9bdda49\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6a331a1\" data-id=\"6a331a1\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-919fbec elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"919fbec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Truskawka<\/b> modele choroby\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c2fc55 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c2fc55\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a62d9cc\" data-id=\"a62d9cc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-17d9575 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"17d9575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#Colletotrichum\">ANTHRACNOSE - <\/br><em>Colletotrichum acutatum<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-db5ea6d\" data-id=\"db5ea6d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c5f1b8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0c5f1b8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#powdery-mildew\">M\u0104CZNIAK RZEKOMY -<\/br><em>Podosphaera aphanis<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-001df9a\" data-id=\"001df9a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-800a798 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"800a798\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5effcaa\" data-id=\"5effcaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d7e2201 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"d7e2201\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24b8821 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24b8821\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcb40a0\" data-id=\"dcb40a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-75462f1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"75462f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c998f41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c998f41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-65375c3\" data-id=\"65375c3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3eaa232 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3eaa232\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"Colletotrichum\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5eb7a40 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5eb7a40\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Antraknoza<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95dca5e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95dca5e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Patogen<\/h3><p>Antraknoza truskawek, powodowana przez <em>Colletotrichum acutatum<\/em>objawia si\u0119 czarnymi, zapadni\u0119tymi zmianami na \u0142odygach, p\u0119dach i owocach. Ta choroba grzybicza atakuje wszystkie cz\u0119\u015bci ro\u015bliny, w tym koron\u0119, korzenie, ogonki li\u015bciowe i roz\u0142ogi.<\/p><p>W sprzyjaj\u0105cych warunkach choroba mo\u017ce rozwija\u0107 si\u0119 szybko, a nawet 90% owoc\u00f3w mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 zainfekowanych w ci\u0105gu tygodnia lub kr\u00f3cej. Zar\u00f3wno niedojrza\u0142e, jak i dojrza\u0142e owoce s\u0105 podatne na infekcj\u0119, ale choroba jest najbardziej rozpowszechniona na dojrzewaj\u0105cych lub w pe\u0142ni dojrza\u0142ych owocach. Zainfekowane ro\u015bliny lub resztki ro\u015blinne mog\u0105 s\u0142u\u017cy\u0107 jako \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o zimuj\u0105cego inokulum. Wiosn\u0105 zarodniki s\u0105 produkowane i rozprzestrzeniane przez deszcz i wiatr na stosunkowo niewielkie odleg\u0142o\u015bci.<\/p><p>Patogen wnika do ro\u015bliny przez appressorium, kt\u00f3re penetruje nask\u00f3rek i atakuje kom\u00f3rki nask\u00f3rka. Pocz\u0105tkowo, <em>C. acutatum<\/em> Istnieje w fazie biotroficznej i przechodzi w faz\u0119 nekrotroficzn\u0105, w kt\u00f3rej grzyb rozmna\u017ca si\u0119 w martwych kom\u00f3rkach. W miar\u0119 post\u0119pu choroby grzyb tworzy struktury acervuli pod \u015bcianami kom\u00f3rkowymi nask\u00f3rka. Te acervuli dojrzewaj\u0105 i uwalniaj\u0105 konidia, kt\u00f3re rozprzestrzeniaj\u0105 chorob\u0119 szybciej, zw\u0142aszcza pod wp\u0142ywem deszczu. Wt\u00f3rne konidia s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c jako istotne \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inokulum.<br \/>Symptomy<\/p><p>Objawy pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 najpierw w postaci wi\u0119dni\u0119cia najm\u0142odszych li\u015bci, kt\u00f3re mog\u0105 tymczasowo od\u017cy\u0107, ale wkr\u00f3tce obumieraj\u0105. Na li\u015bciach pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 nieregularne czarne plamy, zw\u0142aszcza na ko\u0144cach li\u015bci.<\/p><p>Tkanka korony wykazuje w\u00f3wczas czerwonawe przebarwienia, kt\u00f3re ostatecznie staj\u0105 si\u0119 ciemnobr\u0105zowe lub czarne w miar\u0119 niszczenia ro\u015bliny. Zainfekowane korony s\u0105 cz\u0119sto cz\u0119\u015bciowo uszkodzone, co prowadzi do zahamowania wzrostu, ale nie do ca\u0142kowitego obumarcia ro\u015bliny. Zazwyczaj zainfekowana jest tylko jedna strona korony, a nie ca\u0142a korona.<\/p><p>Ciemne, wyd\u0142u\u017cone zmiany tworz\u0105 si\u0119 na ogonkach li\u015bciowych i \u0142odygach. Zaatakowane ogonki li\u015bciowe i \u0142odygi mog\u0105 zosta\u0107 opasane przez zmiany, powoduj\u0105c wi\u0119dni\u0119cie i obumieranie li\u015bci lub ca\u0142ych ro\u015blin potomnych.<\/p><p>Owoce mog\u0105 zosta\u0107 zainfekowane na ka\u017cdym etapie rozwoju, twardniej\u0105c i br\u0105zowiej\u0105c. Na dojrza\u0142ych owocach rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 zapadni\u0119te, ciemne zmiany, prowadz\u0105ce do mumifikacji zamiast dojrzewania. Owoce mog\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c wygl\u0105da\u0107 na pokryte r\u00f3\u017cowymi lub \u0142ososiowymi masami konidi\u00f3w.<\/p><h3>Model FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Og\u00f3lny model antraknozy<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-62239 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model-1024x338.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"338\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model-1024x338.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/General-Anthracnose-Model.png 1426w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/338;\" \/><br \/>Potrzebne czujniki:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura powietrza<\/li><li>Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci<\/li><\/ul><p><em>C. acutatum<\/em> infekuje ro\u015bliny w zakresie temperatur od 15\u00b0C do 30\u00b0C, ale wymagany jest d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142y okres zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci. W optymalnych temperaturach od 20\u00b0C do 25\u00b0C konieczny jest 12-godzinny okres zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci. Gdy wykres infekcji osi\u0105gnie warto\u015b\u0107 100%, na polu panuj\u0105 optymalne warunki do infekcji.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Aljawasim, B. D., Samtani, J. B., &amp; Rahman, M. (2023). Nowe spojrzenie na wykrywanie i zarz\u0105dzanie chorobami antraknozy w truskawkach. Plants, 12(21), 3704.<\/li><li>Ellis, M. A., &amp; Erincik, O. (2008). Antraknoza truskawki. The Ohio State University Extension.<\/li><li>Smith, B. J. (2008). Epidemiologia i patologia antraknozy truskawki: perspektywa Ameryki P\u00f3\u0142nocnej. HortScience, 43(1), 69-73.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9ffaad0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9ffaad0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-10b5be0\" data-id=\"10b5be0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fd397c elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6fd397c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c92ae7c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c92ae7c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4f3cb38\" data-id=\"4f3cb38\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc44e07 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"bc44e07\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"powdery-mildew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a97653 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6a97653\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">M\u0105czniak rzekomy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-248d77e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"248d77e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Patogen<\/h3><figure id=\"attachment_62276\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62276\" style=\"width: 850px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62276 size-full lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Powdery-mildew-cherry.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"850\" height=\"538\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Powdery-mildew-cherry.png 850w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Powdery-mildew-cherry-300x190.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Powdery-mildew-cherry-768x486.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Powdery-mildew-cherry-18x12.png 18w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 850px) 100vw, 850px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 850px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 850\/538;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62276\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: XiaoLei et al<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>Patogenem m\u0105czniaka prawdziwego truskawek jest <em>Podosphaera aphanis<\/em>. Zimuje w dw\u00f3ch formach - grzybni i cleistothecia.<\/p><p>Zimuj\u0105ca grzybnia uaktywnia si\u0119 wiosn\u0105, wytwarzaj\u0105c konidiofory, kt\u00f3re po osi\u0105gni\u0119ciu dojrza\u0142o\u015bci uwalniaj\u0105 konidia (bezp\u0142ciowe zarodniki reprodukcyjne). Konidia l\u0105duj\u0105 na nowej tkance, kie\u0142kuj\u0105 i tworz\u0105 appressoria, wyspecjalizowane struktury infekcyjne, kt\u00f3re penetruj\u0105 kom\u00f3rki ro\u015blinne. Proces ten skutkuje tworzeniem si\u0119 nowych kolonii.<\/p><p>Cleistothecia uwalnia askospory (p\u0142ciowe zarodniki reprodukcyjne) od marca do maja. Askospory l\u0105duj\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c na nowych tkankach, kie\u0142kuj\u0105 i tworz\u0105 nowe kolonie.<\/p><p>Zar\u00f3wno grzybnia, jak i konidia s\u0142u\u017c\u0105 jako pierwotne inokulum. Wt\u00f3rne infekcje wyst\u0119puj\u0105 g\u0142\u00f3wnie poprzez konidia, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 rozpraszane przez wiatr i szybko si\u0119 rozprzestrzeniaj\u0105.<\/p><p>Gdy warunki \u015brodowiskowe staj\u0105 si\u0119 mniej korzystne, grzyb przestawia si\u0119 na rozmna\u017canie p\u0142ciowe - tworzenie cleistothecia - i cykl powtarza si\u0119, gdy inokulum zimuje.<\/p><h3>Symptomy<\/h3><p>Bia\u0142e, pudrowe plamy grzybni i konidi\u00f3w pojawiaj\u0105 si\u0119 na wszystkich cz\u0119\u015bciach nadziemnych i \u0142\u0105cz\u0105 si\u0119, pokrywaj\u0105c ca\u0142\u0105 powierzchni\u0119. M\u0142ode organy s\u0105 bardziej podatne ni\u017c starsze. Je\u015bli chodzi o li\u015bcie, wierzchnia strona wykazuje wi\u0119ksz\u0105 podatno\u015b\u0107 na m\u0105czniaka ni\u017c spodnia. Silna infekcja powoduje zmniejszenie fotosyntezy, defoliacj\u0119 i deformacj\u0119 owoc\u00f3w. W miar\u0119 rozwoju choroby li\u015bcie zwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 ku g\u00f3rze, a na ich powierzchni tworz\u0105 si\u0119 purpurowe lub czerwonawe plamy.<\/p><h3>Modele FieldClimate<\/h3><p><strong>Broome zmodyfikowa\u0142 model Gublera<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62244 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model-1024x398.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"398\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model-1024x398.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Broome-modified-Gubler-Model.png 1339w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/398;\" \/><br \/>Potrzebne czujniki:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura powietrza<\/li><\/ul><p>Model opiera si\u0119 na strukturze Gublera z modyfikacjami prog\u00f3w wysokiej temperatury wprowadzonymi przez Broome. Oblicza on ryzyko w zale\u017cno\u015bci od temperatury powietrza, a wska\u017anik ryzyka waha si\u0119 od 0 do 100. Aby uruchomi\u0107 indeks, wymagane s\u0105 trzy kolejne dni z ponad 6 godzinami temperatur od 21\u00b0C do 30\u00b0C.<\/p><p>Indeks wzrasta o 20 punkt\u00f3w za ka\u017cdy dzie\u0144 spe\u0142niaj\u0105cy te warunki (minimum 6 godzin w temperaturze od 21\u00b0C do 30\u00b0C). I odwrotnie, je\u015bli dzie\u0144 trwa mniej ni\u017c 6 godzin w tym zakresie temperatur lub je\u015bli temperatura przekracza 35\u00b0C, indeks spada o 10 punkt\u00f3w.<\/p><figure id=\"attachment_62245\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-62245\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-62245 size-large lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-1024x167.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"167\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-1024x167.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-300x49.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-768x125.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-1536x251.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-18x3.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry.png 1563w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/167;\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-62245\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u0179r\u00f3d\u0142o: Broome et al<\/figcaption><\/figure><p><br \/>Oryginalny model Gublera ustali\u0142 pr\u00f3g 35\u00b0C na 0,35 godziny, ale Broome wprowadzi\u0142 kilka szczeg\u00f3\u0142owych prog\u00f3w wysokiej temperatury. Gdy okre\u015blone temperatury (34\u00b0C, 36\u00b0C i 38\u00b0C) s\u0105 spe\u0142nione przez wystarczaj\u0105cy czas, punkty s\u0105 odejmowane. Dodatkowo, model uwzgl\u0119dnia op\u00f3\u017anienie wzrostu grzyb\u00f3w; ka\u017cdy wzrost indeksu w nast\u0119pnym dniu jest op\u00f3\u017aniony o kilka dni, a za ka\u017cdy op\u00f3\u017aniony dzie\u0144 odejmowanych jest pi\u0119\u0107 dodatkowych punkt\u00f3w.<\/p><p>Indeks poni\u017cej 30 wskazuje na wska\u017anik reprodukcji wynosz\u0105cy 15 dni lub mniej, podczas gdy indeks 40 ~ 50 jest uwa\u017cany za normalny, co oznacza wska\u017anik reprodukcji od 8 do 11 dni. Indeks powy\u017cej 60 wskazuje, \u017ce patogen rozmna\u017ca si\u0119 co 5 dni i zalecane jest skr\u00f3cenie odst\u0119p\u00f3w mi\u0119dzy opryskami.<\/p><p><strong>Model m\u0105czniaka prawdziwego truskawki<\/strong><br \/><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62246 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model-1024x297.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"297\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model-1024x297.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model-300x87.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model-768x223.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model-18x5.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Strawberry-Powdery-Mildew-Model.png 1465w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/297;\" \/><\/p><p>Potrzebne czujniki:<\/p><ul><li>Temperatura powietrza<\/li><li>Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna<\/li><li>Wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci<\/li><\/ul><p>Model ten uwzgl\u0119dnia wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dn\u0105 w innym modelu. Temperatury powietrza powy\u017cej 21\u00b0C i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna powy\u017cej 66% zwi\u0119kszaj\u0105 ryzyko, podczas gdy ni\u017csze temperatury, wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna i wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci zmniejszaj\u0105 ryzyko.<\/p><p>Wska\u017anik ryzyka poni\u017cej 60 wskazuje na \u015brodki ochrony ro\u015blin na niskim poziomie, podczas gdy ryzyko powy\u017cej 60 wskazuje na zwi\u0119kszone ryzyko choroby i zalecane by\u0142oby opryskiwanie. Ryzyko wyst\u0105pienia choroby na poziomie 100 przez d\u0142u\u017cszy okres wymaga zwi\u0119kszenia g\u0119sto\u015bci oprysk\u00f3w.<\/p><h3>Literatura<\/h3><ul><li>Broome, J. C., Hand, E. K., Backup, P., Janousek, C. N., &amp; Gubler, W. D. (2010, czerwiec). Revising the high temperature threshold for the Gubler-Thomas grape powdery mildew risk index. In PHYTOPATHOLOGY (Vol. 100, No. 6, pp. S17-S18). 3340 PILOT KNOB ROAD, ST PAUL, MN 55121 USA: AMER PHYTOPATHOLOGICAL SOC.<\/li><li>Gadoury, D. M., Asalf, B., Heidenreich, M. C., Herrero, M. L., Welser, M. J., Seem, R. C., ... &amp; Stensvand, A. (2010). Initiation, development, and survival of cleistothecia of Podosphaera aphanis and their role in the epidemiology of strawberry powdery mildew. Phytopathology, 100(3), 246-251.<\/li><li>Jin XiaoLei, J. X., Fitt, B. D. L., Hall, A. M., &amp; Huang YongJu, H. Y. (2013). Rola chasmothecia w inicjowaniu epidemii m\u0105czniaka prawdziwego (Podospheara aphanis) i rola krzemu w kontrolowaniu epidemii na truskawce.<\/li><li>Palmer, S. A. (2007). M\u0105czniak prawdziwy truskawki: epidemiologia i wp\u0142yw od\u017cywiania \u017cywiciela na chorob\u0119 (rozprawa doktorska).<\/li><li>Aldrighetti, A., &amp; Pertot, I. (2023). Epidemiologia i zwalczanie m\u0105czniaka prawdziwego truskawki: przegl\u0105d. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 62(3), 427-453.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-576de36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"576de36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-67ea309\" data-id=\"67ea309\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd2dbd9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"fd2dbd9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63fa35f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"63fa35f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2bf5ff1 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2bf5ff1\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6bf79b0\" data-id=\"6bf79b0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efcb3f5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efcb3f5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Sprawd\u017a, jaki zestaw czujnik\u00f3w jest potrzebny do monitorowania potencjalnych chor\u00f3b tej uprawy.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0ac7711\" data-id=\"0ac7711\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-522ecf6 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"522ecf6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POBRA\u0106 ARKUSZ KALKULACYJNY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Strawberry disease models ANTHRACNOSE &#8211; Colletotrichum acutatum POWDERY MILDEW \u2013Podosphaera aphanis Recommended equipment Anthracnose Pathogen Anthracnose in strawberries, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, manifests as black, sunken lesions on stems, runners, and fruits. This fungal disease affects all parts of the plant, including the crown, roots, petioles, and runners. The disease can develop rapidly under favorable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49800","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - strawberry - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/disease-models-strawberry\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - strawberry - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Strawberry disease models ANTHRACNOSE &#8211; Colletotrichum acutatum POWDERY MILDEW \u2013Podosphaera aphanis Recommended equipment Anthracnose Pathogen Anthracnose in strawberries, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, manifests as black, sunken lesions on stems, runners, and fruits. 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