{"id":46937,"date":"2022-08-05T10:54:20","date_gmt":"2022-08-05T10:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=46937"},"modified":"2023-06-21T08:02:58","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:02:58","slug":"disease-models-mango","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/disease-models-mango\/","title":{"rendered":"Modele chor\u00f3b - mango"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"46937\" class=\"elementor elementor-46937\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba804d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba804d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7939599\" data-id=\"7939599\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f28039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f28039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-46939\" alt=\"Drzewo mango\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango-300x55.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango-1024x187.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango-768x140.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Mango-1536x280.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2188fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2188fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7979a52\" data-id=\"7979a52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a5554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47a5554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Mango<\/b> modele choroby\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1d4b03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1d4b03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bfb4bf\" data-id=\"4bfb4bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c379d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02c379d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#walnut-blight\">ZARAZA ORZECHA W\u0141OSKIEGO -<\/br><em>Xanthomonas Arboricola pv. juglandis<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fb116ba\" data-id=\"fb116ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-500d298 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"500d298\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#bacterial-disease\">CHOROBA BAKTERYJNA -<\/br><em>Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4df9cff\" data-id=\"4df9cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b63825 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b63825\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3a6b8a\" data-id=\"f3a6b8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92458b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f92458b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d20f7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d20f7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43255f3\" data-id=\"43255f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35615a5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"35615a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c958cf6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c958cf6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-beef7ba\" data-id=\"beef7ba\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe505f4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"fe505f4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"walnut-blight\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2a120 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7d2a120\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zaraza orzecha w\u0142oskiego<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e8b760e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e8b760e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Choroba bakteryjna\u00a0<em>Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis<\/em>nazywana jest zaraz\u0105 orzecha w\u0142oskiego. Bakteria zimuje w zainfekowanych p\u0105kach i kotkach. P\u0105ki z najwi\u0119ksz\u0105 populacj\u0105 bakterii s\u0105 najbardziej nara\u017cone na rozw\u00f3j zarazy. Podczas wczesnowiosennego wzrostu, bakterie rozprzestrzeniaj\u0105 si\u0119 wzd\u0142u\u017c rozwijaj\u0105cych si\u0119 p\u0119d\u00f3w i orzech\u00f3w. Wydaje si\u0119, \u017ce wt\u00f3rne rozprzestrzenianie si\u0119 na inne p\u0119dy i drzewa przez krople deszczu jest bardzo niewielkie. Powoduje to powstanie lokalnych o\u015brodk\u00f3w infekcji w obr\u0119bie drzewa lub sadu. Cz\u0119ste, d\u0142ugotrwa\u0142e opady deszczu, tu\u017c przed i w trakcie kwitnienia oraz przez oko\u0142o 2 tygodnie po nim, powoduj\u0105 wyst\u0105pienie silnych ognisk zarazy w tych lokalnych centrach infekcji. Wtedy w\u0142a\u015bnie orzechy s\u0105 najbardziej podatne.<\/p><h3>Symptomy<\/h3><p>Na li\u015bciach infekcja pojawia si\u0119 najpierw jako czerwonobr\u0105zowe plamy, na \u0142odygach jako czarne, lekko zag\u0142\u0119bione plamy cz\u0119sto opasuj\u0105ce p\u0119dy. M\u0142ode, pora\u017cone p\u0105ki li\u015bciowe i kotkowe zmieniaj\u0105 kolor na ciemnobr\u0105zowy lub czarny i wkr\u00f3tce zamieraj\u0105. Choroba jest gro\u017ana na orzechach, gdzie powoduje czarne, \u015bluzowate plamy o r\u00f3\u017cnej wielko\u015bci. Organizm wnika do \u0142upiny, skorupy, a niekiedy tak\u017ce do jadalnego mi\u0119sa. W wyniku p\u00f3\u017anej infekcji powstaj\u0105 czarne pier\u015bcienie na \u0142upinach.<\/p><p>Chorobie bakteryjnej sprzyjaj\u0105 ciep\u0142e, umiarkowane pory roku z temperatur\u0105 10-28\u00b0C, lekkie i cz\u0119ste opady deszczu z silnymi wiatrami i rosami. Lokalne rozprzestrzenianie si\u0119 jest mo\u017cliwe przez rozbryzg deszczu.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-788754d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"788754d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d24158c\" data-id=\"d24158c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6457559 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"6457559\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ad5dd14 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ad5dd14\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a084be6\" data-id=\"a084be6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aac770 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"8aac770\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"bacterial-disease\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-10fb487 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"10fb487\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Choroba bakteryjna<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a7ff54 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7a7ff54\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8cabd4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8cabd4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Symptomy<\/h3><ul><li>li\u015bcie na brzoskwini: ma\u0142e, bladozielone do \u017c\u00f3\u0142tych, okr\u0105g\u0142e lub nieregularne plamy. Plamy powi\u0119kszaj\u0105 si\u0119, staj\u0105 si\u0119 ciemniejsze do g\u0142\u0119boko purpurowych, br\u0105zowych lub czarnych. Miejsca chorobowe odpadaj\u0105, nadaj\u0105c im wygl\u0105d otwor\u00f3w po strza\u0142ach. Pozostaje darfowy pier\u015bcie\u0144 tkanki chorobowej. Zainfekowane li\u015bcie \u017c\u00f3\u0142kn\u0105 i opadaj\u0105.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>li\u015bcie na owocach \u015bliwy: objawy mog\u0105 by\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne, du\u017ce, zapadni\u0119te, czarne zmiany lub tylko ma\u0142e, jamkowate w zale\u017cno\u015bci od odmiany.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>ga\u0142\u0105zki brzoskwini: wiosenne raki wyst\u0119puj\u0105 na zimuj\u0105cych ga\u0142\u0105zkach i na p\u0119dach wodnych przed wytworzeniem zielonych p\u0119d\u00f3w; najpierw ma\u0142e, nas\u0105czone wod\u0105, ciemne p\u0119cherze (1-10 cm), czasem opasuj\u0105 ga\u0142\u0105zk\u0119, co powoduje zamieranie jej wierzcho\u0142ka. Poni\u017cej martwego miejsca (tu obecne s\u0105 bakterie) powstaje ciemna, tzw. czarna wyprawa.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>ga\u0142\u0105zki \u015bliwy, moreli: kanarki s\u0105 wieloletnie i rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 na ga\u0142\u0105zkach w wieku 2 i 3 lat.<\/li><\/ul><p><em>Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni<\/em>\u00a0jest\u00a0<u>choroba bakteryjna<\/u> i jest wymieniona jako szkodnik kwarantannowy na li\u015bcie A2 EEP. Bakteria atakuje g\u0142\u00f3wnie gatunki Prunus spp. a w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci uprawy owocowe takie jak migda\u0142y, brzoskwinie, wi\u015bnie, \u015bliwki i morele. <em>X. arboricola<\/em> wyst\u0119puje obecnie na ca\u0142ym \u015bwiecie, ale po raz pierwszy zosta\u0142 znaleziony i opisany w Ameryce P\u00f3\u0142nocnej (nie jest do ko\u0144ca jasne, czy stamt\u0105d si\u0119 rozprzestrzeni\u0142, czy te\u017c ma naturalnie szeroki zasi\u0119g wyst\u0119powania).<\/p><h3>Biologia<\/h3><p><em>Xanthomonas arboricola<\/em>\u00a0to tlenowa, gram-ujemna bakteria.<\/p><p>Bakteria zimuje w przestrzeniach mi\u0119dzykom\u00f3rkowych kory, floemu i ksylemu parenchymy drzewa brzoskwiniowego. Na \u015bliwie i moreli w jednym sezonie powstaj\u0105 letnie kanty, kt\u00f3re rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 nast\u0119pnej wiosny i stanowi\u0105 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inokulum. R\u00f3wnie\u017c p\u0105ki \u015bliw i opad\u0142e li\u015bcie s\u0105 \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142em zimowania choroby bakteryjnej.<\/p><p>Wiosn\u0105 bakterie zaczynaj\u0105 si\u0119 namna\u017ca\u0107 i powoduj\u0105 p\u0119kanie epidermy - zmiany s\u0105 widoczne i nazywane s\u0105 rakiem wiosennym. Inokulum z tych kanark\u00f3w to\u00a0<u>rozprzestrzeniane przez deszcz i wiatr<\/u> i infekuj\u0105 zdrowe tkanki ro\u015blinne poprzez aparaty szparkowe. Na tych li\u015bciach rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 zmiany chorobowe, kt\u00f3re wydzielaj\u0105 bakterie i nazywane s\u0105 infekcjami wt\u00f3rnymi.<\/p><p>K\u0142y letnie rozwijaj\u0105 si\u0119 w zielonej tkance p\u0119du, ale s\u0105 zamkni\u0119te przez warstw\u0119 perydermy i w okresie letnim wysychaj\u0105, co ogranicza \u017cywotno\u015b\u0107 bakterii - dlatego te\u017c k\u0142y letnie na \u015bliwie i brzoskwini nie maj\u0105 wi\u0119kszego znaczenia jako miejsca zimowania i pocz\u0105tkowych infekcji w nast\u0119pnym sezonie. Na og\u00f3\u0142 to w\u0142a\u015bnie p\u00f3\u017ane infekcje p\u0119d\u00f3w, wyst\u0119puj\u0105ce w\u0142a\u015bnie w czasie deszczu i podczas opadania li\u015bci jesieni\u0105, stanowi\u0105 podstawowe \u017ar\u00f3d\u0142o inokulum dla nast\u0119pnej wiosny.<\/p><h3>Modelowanie X. arboricola<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Czujniki: Temperatura powietrza, wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna, zwil\u017cenie li\u015bci i opad atmosferyczny<\/span><br \/>w FieldClimate.com mamy trzy modele\u00a0<em>X. arboricola<\/em>, w zale\u017cno\u015bci od fazy rozwojowej ro\u015bliny\/infekcja r\u00f3\u017cnego materia\u0142u ro\u015blinnego (infekcja kwiat\u00f3w, li\u015bci i owoc\u00f3w) oraz model rozmna\u017cania.<\/p><p>Chorobie bakteryjnej sprzyjaj\u0105 ciep\u0142e, umiarkowane pory roku z temperatur\u0105 10-28\u00b0C, lekkie i cz\u0119ste opady deszczu z silnymi wiatrami i rosami. Lokalne rozprzestrzenianie si\u0119 jest mo\u017cliwe przez rozbryzg deszczu.<\/p><p>Klasy nasilenia zale\u017c\u0105 od inokulum (epidemiologia z ubieg\u0142ego roku, podatno\u015b\u0107 odmiany i warunki pogodowe).<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">1. Modelowanie infekcji kwiatowej<\/span><strong><br \/><\/strong><em>Temperatura od 15\u00b0C do 30\u00b0C, wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c 0.<\/em><\/p><p>Na wykresie okre\u015blono s\u0142abe pora\u017cenie kwiatostanu, umiarkowane i silne pora\u017cenie nie zosta\u0142o obliczone (musi osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0107 100% na linii), poniewa\u017c okres zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci by\u0142 zbyt kr\u00f3tki.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">2. Modelowanie infekcji owoc\u00f3w i li\u015bci (do okre\u015blenia infekcji niezb\u0119dne s\u0105 dodatkowe opady)<\/span><strong><br \/><\/strong><em>Temperatura od 15\u00b0C do 30\u00b0C, opady wi\u0119ksze ni\u017c 0, wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c 0, nie jest to noc.<\/em><strong><br \/><\/strong><\/p><p>R\u00f3wnie\u017c ten model rozdziela infekcje na s\u0142abe, umiarkowane i ci\u0119\u017ckie w zale\u017cno\u015bci od sumy opad\u00f3w. . S\u0142aba infekcja (temp. mi\u0119dzy 15 a 30\u00b0C, opady i zwil\u017cenie li\u015bci) zosta\u0142a wyznaczona 16 czerwca ze wzgl\u0119du na opady i d\u0142ugi okres zwil\u017cenia li\u015bci po nich oraz temperatury (10-17,5\u00b0C) w tym czasie. Nie obliczono infekcji umiarkowanej (suma opad\u00f3w &gt; 2 mm) (ale prawie 98% infekcji), jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c infekcji silnej (suma opad\u00f3w &gt; 5 mm) w tym czasie.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">3. Indeks propagacji<\/span><strong><br \/><\/strong><em>Temperatura od 15 do 30\u00b0C, wilgotno\u015b\u0107 li\u015bci wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c 0 lub wilgotno\u015b\u0107 wzgl\u0119dna wi\u0119ksza ni\u017c 80%. <\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30a41ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30a41ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-562082c\" data-id=\"562082c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241204a elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"241204a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa1dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa1dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Zalecane wyposa\u017cenie<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac85886 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac85886\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be427fc\" data-id=\"be427fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a8712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86a8712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Sprawd\u017a, jaki zestaw czujnik\u00f3w jest potrzebny do monitorowania potencjalnych chor\u00f3b tej uprawy.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8e509\" data-id=\"5d8e509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feace53 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"feace53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">POBRA\u0106 ARKUSZ KALKULACYJNY<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mango disease models WALNUT BLIGHT \u2013Xanthomonas Arboricola pv. juglandis BACTERIAL DISEASE \u2013Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni Recommended equipment Walnut Blight The bacterial disease\u00a0Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis, is called walnut blight. The bacterium overwinters in infected buds and catkins. Buds with the highest bacterial populations are the ones most likely to develop blight. During early spring growth, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-46937","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46937","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46937"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46937\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":53410,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/46937\/revisions\/53410"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/pl\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46937"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}