{"id":62447,"date":"2025-03-10T15:32:34","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T15:32:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metos.global\/?page_id=62447"},"modified":"2025-03-27T09:00:19","modified_gmt":"2025-03-27T09:00:19","slug":"disease-models-hazelnut","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/it\/disease-models-hazelnut\/","title":{"rendered":"Modelli di malattia - nocciola"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"62447\" class=\"elementor elementor-62447\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cc9555b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cc9555b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8fb620b\" data-id=\"8fb620b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daea953 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"daea953\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-62452\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Hazelnut-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a4f721e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a4f721e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1c06da6\" data-id=\"1c06da6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8ae5306 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8ae5306\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Nocciola<\/b> modelli di malattia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-baf3424 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"baf3424\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dca27ae\" data-id=\"dca27ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2797ba8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2797ba8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#hazelnut-monilinia\">MONILINIA -<\/br><em>Monilinia coryli, Monilinia laxa e Monilinia fructigena<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ccfaf86\" data-id=\"ccfaf86\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b86186a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b86186a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#hazelnut-powdery-mildew\">OIDIO -<\/br><em>Phyllactinia guttata<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-242d6aa\" data-id=\"242d6aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-147ffbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"147ffbe\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec42967\" data-id=\"ec42967\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e15cae elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"8e15cae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Attrezzatura consigliata<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41a414d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41a414d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a13a38b\" data-id=\"a13a38b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cc0abe1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"cc0abe1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6655661 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6655661\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-011bbb8\" data-id=\"011bbb8\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-255bc68 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"255bc68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"hazelnut-monilinia\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6216d08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6216d08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Monilinia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-29d069d elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"29d069d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc4d986 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc4d986\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Agente patogeno<\/h3><p>Il genere <em>Monilinia<\/em> comprende diverse specie fungine che causano il marciume bruno in varie colture frutticole, come ad esempio <em>Monilinia coryli<\/em>, <em>Monilinia laxa<\/em>, e <em>Monilinia fructigena<\/em>. Questi funghi condividono caratteristiche comuni, tra cui la produzione di apoteci da pseudosclerotia, che si formano in frutti mummificati o in altri detriti vegetali.<\/p><p>Il ciclo della malattia di <em>Monilinia<\/em> prevede tre fasi:<\/p><ol><li>peronospora dei fiori e cancheri dei rametti all'inizio della primavera,<\/li><li>marciume bruno attivo in tarda primavera ed estate e<\/li><li>la presenza di frutti mummificati rimasti sull'albero o nel terreno.<\/li><\/ol><p>Lo svernamento avviene nei frutti infetti o nei cancri dei rametti, che fungono da serbatoi per il patogeno. In primavera, <em>Monilia<\/em> Le specie rilasciano ascospore e conidi, l'inoculo primario, che vengono dispersi dal vento o dalla pioggia.<\/p><p>Una volta che le spore si depositano sui tessuti vegetali sensibili, come i fiori e gli speroni dei frutti, l'infezione pu\u00f2 diffondersi rapidamente, soprattutto in condizioni di umidit\u00e0. Il marciume dei frutti pu\u00f2 svilupparsi rapidamente e l'infezione pu\u00f2 rimanere latente fino alla maturazione dei frutti.<\/p><h3>Sintomi<\/h3><p>L'infezione inizia tipicamente durante la fase di fioritura, causando la peronospora dei fiori. I fiori e i tessuti infetti presentano lesioni impregnate d'acqua e diventano di colore marrone scuro o nero. Con il progredire dell'infezione, i fiori colpiti possono appassire e morire.<\/p><p>Continuando il suo ciclo, il patogeno causa il marciume delle nocciole. Le nocciole infette sviluppano lesioni da marroni a nere sulla superficie, spesso accompagnate da masse visibili di micelio e spore. In alcuni casi, si pu\u00f2 osservare una necrosi sulle nocciole non mature. Il patogeno colpisce anche il pericarpo (mallo), dove compaiono macchie di colore marrone chiaro o castagno. Queste macchie si espandono gradualmente e possono arrivare a coprire l'intero frutto. Le infezioni precoci possono causare la caduta prematura dei frutti. Altri sintomi sono la formazione di cancri sul gambo, lo scolorimento e lo sviluppo di ferite aperte.<\/p><h3>Modello FieldClimate<\/h3><p>Modello generale di rischio di Monilinia<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62450 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model-1024x338.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"338\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model-1024x338.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model-768x254.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_General-Monilinia-Risk-Model.png 1431w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/338;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sensori necessari:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Temperature dell'aria<\/li><li>Bagnatura delle foglie<\/li><\/ul><p>Il modello calcola il rischio di <em>Monilinia<\/em> specie. Quando il grafico raggiunge 100%, le condizioni ottimali per una <em>Monilinia<\/em> sono state infettate nei frutteti e si dovrebbero prendere in considerazione misure fitosanitarie curative.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Letteratura:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Di Francesco, A., &amp; Mari, M. (2018). Monilinia species of fruit decay: un confronto tra dati biologici ed epidemiologici. <em>Rivista italiana di micologia, 47<\/em>, 13-23.<\/p><p>Martini, C., &amp; Mari, M. (2014). Monilinia fructicola, Monilinia laxa (Monilinia rot, marciume bruno). In <em>Decadimento post-raccolta<\/em> (pp. 233-265). Academic Press.<\/p><p>Machowicz-Stefaniak, Z., &amp; Zalewska, E. (2000). Patogenicit\u00e0 di Monilia spp. sul nocciolo (Corylus). <em>Acta Mycologica, 35<\/em>(2), 269-274. https:\/\/pinova.hr\/en\/bolesti-lijeske\/<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-311d222 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"311d222\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-0207e72\" data-id=\"0207e72\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-395e7a1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"395e7a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f9b5c22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f9b5c22\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e239aa\" data-id=\"7e239aa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af993e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"af993e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"hazelnut-powdery-mildew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d663f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5d663f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Muffa polverosa<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-260a073 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"260a073\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07f36d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07f36d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>Agente patogeno<\/h3><p>L'oidio delle nocciole \u00e8 causato da <em>Phyllactinia guttata<\/em>.<\/p><p>Sverna sotto forma di miceli o cleistoteci nelle foglie malate che cadono a terra. L'infezione primaria si verifica quando le ascospore dei cleistoteci o i conidi dei miceli infettano le nuove foglie in primavera. I conidi fungono poi da inoculo secondario, diffondendo la malattia pi\u00f9 rapidamente.<\/p><h3>Sintomi<\/h3><p>Le macchie polverose grigio-bianche compaiono sulla superficie inferiore delle foglie, costituite da miceli e conidi. Queste macchie si allargano fino a coprire l'intera superficie. Alla fine della stagione, all'interno delle macchie si formano piccoli cleistoteci di colore marrone rossastro o nero. Le foglie iniziano a perdere il loro colore verde, diventando marroni, e diventano arricciate e fragili. La malattia pu\u00f2 causare la caduta prematura delle foglie e una crescita stentata degli alberi.<\/p><h3>Modello FieldClimate<\/h3><h4><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"> Modello Phyllactinia guttata<\/span><\/em><\/h4><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62451 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model-1024x555.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"555\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model-1024x555.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model-300x163.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model-768x416.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Hazelnut_Phyllactinia-guttata-Model.png 1480w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/555;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sensori necessari:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Temperatura dell'aria<\/li><li>Bagnatura delle foglie<\/li><li>Precipitazioni<\/li><\/ul><p>Il modello mostra i grafici del rilascio di spore e del rischio.<\/p><p>In base alle precipitazioni vengono definite tre classi di gravit\u00e0: rilascio di spore basso, moderato e grave. Se le spore sono state rilasciate, consultare il modello di rischio. Il modello di rischio di propagazione aumenta alla temperatura ottimale da 21 a 32\u00b0C e diminuisce quando l'umidit\u00e0 fogliare dura pi\u00f9 di 8 ore al giorno o al di sotto di 21\u00b0C.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Letteratura:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Hartney, S., Glawe, D. A., Dugan, F., &amp; Ammirati, J. (2005). Prima segnalazione di oidio su Corylus avellana causato da Phyllactinia guttata nello Stato di Washington. <em>Progressi fitosanitari, 6<\/em>(1), 22.<\/p><p>Huseynova, L. A. POLVERE DI NOCCIOLE NELLA PARTE NORD-OVEST DELL'AZERBAIJAN. <em>\u0412\u0456\u0441\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0456 \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043c\u0456\u0436\u0432\u0456\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/em>, 30.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-695940f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"695940f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ec66599\" data-id=\"ec66599\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-590c87b elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"590c87b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a76e9a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a76e9a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Attrezzatura consigliata<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bb9255f elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bb9255f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ffcb294\" data-id=\"ffcb294\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4767ae0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4767ae0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Verificare quale set di sensori \u00e8 necessario per monitorare le potenziali malattie di questa coltura.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-140ddf5\" data-id=\"140ddf5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f3fec3 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4f3fec3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">SCARICA IL FOGLIO DI CALCOLO<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hazelnut disease models MONILINIA \u2013Monilinia coryli, Monilinia laxa, and Monilinia fructigena POWDERY MILDEW \u2013Phyllactinia guttata Recommended equipment Monilinia Pathogen The genus Monilinia encompasses several fungal species that cause brown rot in various fruit crops such as Monilinia coryli, Monilinia laxa, and Monilinia fructigena. These fungi share common characteristics, including the apothecia production from pseudosclerotia, which [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-62447","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - hazelnut - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/it\/disease-models-hazelnut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"it_IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - hazelnut - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hazelnut disease models MONILINIA \u2013Monilinia coryli, Monilinia laxa, and Monilinia fructigena POWDERY MILDEW \u2013Phyllactinia guttata Recommended equipment Monilinia Pathogen The genus Monilinia encompasses several fungal species that cause brown rot in various fruit crops such as Monilinia coryli, Monilinia laxa, and Monilinia fructigena. 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