{"id":49816,"date":"2022-12-13T09:34:10","date_gmt":"2022-12-13T09:34:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49816"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:33:56","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:33:56","slug":"disease-models-tomato","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/disease-models-tomato\/","title":{"rendered":"Betegs\u00e9gmodellek - paradicsom"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"49816\" class=\"elementor elementor-49816\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-16d653b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"16d653b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-348b5f4\" data-id=\"348b5f4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-376b5e2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"376b5e2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-49653\" alt=\"Betegs\u00e9gmodellek - paradicsom\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato.png 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato-300x55.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato-1024x187.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato-768x140.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato-1536x280.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Disease-Models-tomato-18x3.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c810e4b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c810e4b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-96715a0\" data-id=\"96715a0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba470fc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ba470fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Paradicsom<\/b> betegs\u00e9gmodellek\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5306ca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5306ca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-618c4b9\" data-id=\"618c4b9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb9d5e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb9d5e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-alternariaspp\">ALTERNARIA spp.<\/br><em>Alternaria solani \u00e9s Alternaria alternata<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cc3172a\" data-id=\"cc3172a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-695d222 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"695d222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-grey-mould\">SZ\u00dcRKE FORMA -<\/br><em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3df22c5\" data-id=\"3df22c5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d6319b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3d6319b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-passalora-fulva\">PASSALORA FULVA -<\/br><em>Cladosporium fulvum<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e811f1a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e811f1a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-93878ef\" data-id=\"93878ef\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dcd025d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"dcd025d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-colletotrichumspp\">ANTRACHNOSE -<\/br><em>Colletotrichum spp<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46319b7\" data-id=\"46319b7\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b053493 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b053493\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-phytophthora\">PHYTOPHTHORA -<\/br><em>Phytophthora infestans \u00e9s Phytophthora capsici<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1aee3bd\" data-id=\"1aee3bd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8256fa5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8256fa5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-powdery-mildew\">POWDERY <\/br>MILDEW<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-70233e0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"70233e0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e05202a\" data-id=\"e05202a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3b3db6e\" data-id=\"3b3db6e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bd6422 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bd6422\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#tomato-septoria-leaf-spot\">SEPTORIA LEV\u00c9LFOLTOSS\u00c1G -<\/br><em>Septoria lycopersici<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ef554f5\" data-id=\"ef554f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f078b2b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f078b2b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-da74e5d\" data-id=\"da74e5d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af88310 elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"af88310\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Aj\u00e1nlott felszerel\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cea2e3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cea2e3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b077840\" data-id=\"b077840\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3a05f70 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3a05f70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8ca4d6c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8ca4d6c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a9b4d7e\" data-id=\"a9b4d7e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9fd539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"e9fd539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-alternariaspp\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1a8fe6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1a8fe6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Alternaria<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1d8d66 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1d8d66\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p>Alternaria fajok, nevezetesen <em>Alternaria solani<\/em> \u00e9s <em>Alternaria alternata<\/em>, olyan gomb\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k, amelyek olyan betegs\u00e9gek\u00e9rt felel\u0151sek, mint a korai foltoss\u00e1g \u00e9s a lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeken. Ezek a gomb\u00e1k els\u0151sorban a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9kben, magvakban \u00e9s talajban telelnek \u00e1t, \u00e9s sp\u00f3r\u00e1k vagy mic\u00e9lium form\u00e1j\u00e1ban maradnak \u00e9letben. Kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tavasszal kon\u00eddiumokat (ivartalan sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat) termelnek, amelyek sz\u00e9llel, v\u00edzzel vagy szennyezett eszk\u00f6z\u00f6kkel terjednek, \u00e9s \u00faj fert\u0151z\u00e9seket ind\u00edtanak el. A k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket b\u00e1rmely n\u00f6veked\u00e9si szakaszban megfert\u0151zhetik, a kezdeti t\u00fcnetek gyakran az id\u0151sebb, als\u00f3 leveleken jelennek meg.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00e9snek \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak kedveznek a meleg, nedves \u00e9s p\u00e1r\u00e1s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek. Az Alternaria fajok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 15 \u00b0C \u00e9s 27 \u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog, magas relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalommal \u00e9s hosszan tart\u00f3 lev\u00e9lnedves id\u0151szakokkal p\u00e1rosulva. Ezek a k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek el\u0151seg\u00edtik a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k cs\u00edr\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g gyors lefoly\u00e1s\u00e1t, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a hosszan tart\u00f3 nedves id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s sor\u00e1n. A k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket b\u00e1rmely n\u00f6veked\u00e9si szakaszban megfert\u0151zhetik, a kezdeti t\u00fcnetek gyakran az id\u0151sebb, als\u00f3 leveleken jelennek meg.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A kezdeti t\u00fcnetek a <em>Alternaria<\/em> a fert\u0151z\u00e9sek apr\u00f3, s\u00f6t\u00e9t, k\u00f6r alak\u00fa s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkeznek a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9ny id\u0151sebb, als\u00f3 levelein. Ezek a foltok gyakran jellegzetes koncentrikus gy\u0171r\u0171ket alkotnak, ami \"bikaszem\" megjelen\u00e9st k\u00f6lcs\u00f6n\u00f6z nekik. A betegs\u00e9g el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek megnagyobbodhatnak, \u00f6sszen\u0151hetnek, \u00e9s az \u00e9rintett levelek s\u00e1rgul\u00e1s\u00e1t, hervad\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl elhal\u00e1s\u00e1t okozhatj\u00e1k, ami jelent\u0151s lombhull\u00e1shoz vezet. B\u00e1r a gomba els\u0151sorban a lombozatot fert\u0151zi, a sz\u00e1rat \u00e9s a term\u00e9st is megfert\u0151zheti. A sz\u00e1rak s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sei s\u00f6t\u00e9t, beesett ter\u00fcletek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelennek meg, amelyek k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00f6lelhetik a sz\u00e1rat \u00e9s akad\u00e1lyozhatj\u00e1k a t\u00e1panyag\u00e1raml\u00e1st, ami a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny hervad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz \u00e9s elhal\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. A gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsfert\u0151z\u00e9s jellemz\u0151en a sz\u00e1r v\u00e9g\u00e9n jelentkezik, \u00e9s els\u00fcllyedt, fekete s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkezik, amelyek a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6t piack\u00e9ptelenn\u00e9 tehetik. S\u00falyos lombhull\u00e1s a <em>Alternaria<\/em> A fert\u0151z\u00e9sek gyeng\u00edtik a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyt, cs\u00f6kkentik a fotoszintetikus kapacit\u00e1st, \u00e9s a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket k\u00f6zvetlen napf\u00e9nynek teszik ki, ami n\u00f6veli a nap\u00e9g\u00e9s kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t. Ez nemcsak a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t rontja, hanem a teljes term\u00e9shozamot is cs\u00f6kkenti.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9l nedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62430 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast-1024x592.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"592\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast-1024x592.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast-300x173.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast-768x444.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_TomCast.png 1368w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/592;\" \/><\/p><p>A TomCast (TOMato disease foreCASTing) egy olyan sz\u00e1m\u00edt\u00f3g\u00e9pes modell, amely sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ldi adatokat haszn\u00e1l fel a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyek gombabetegs\u00e9geinek kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak el\u0151rejelz\u00e9s\u00e9re. A modell az elm\u00falt 24 \u00f3ra id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si viszonyait elemzi, hogy meghat\u00e1rozza a betegs\u00e9g s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t (DSV) - a betegs\u00e9g el\u0151rehalad\u00e1s\u00e1nak m\u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t. Ahogy a DSV \u00e9rt\u00e9kek felhalmoz\u00f3dnak, \u00fagy n\u00f6vekszik a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyre nehezed\u0151 betegs\u00e9gnyom\u00e1s.<\/p><p>Ha az \u00f6sszes felhalmozott DSV meghaladja az aj\u00e1nlott permetez\u00e9si k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9rt\u00e9ket, a betegs\u00e9g kock\u00e1zat\u00e1nak cs\u00f6kkent\u00e9se \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben javasolt a gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerek alkalmaz\u00e1sa. A grafikon az egyes DSV-ket \u00e9s azok kumulat\u00edv \u00f6sszeg\u00e9t is megjelen\u00edti. Az aj\u00e1nlott permetez\u00e9si id\u0151k\u00f6z \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban 15 \u00e9s 20 DSV k\u00f6z\u00e9 esik. Amint az \u00f6sszes felhalmozott DSV meghaladja ezt a k\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9rt\u00e9ket, a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny v\u00e9delme \u00e9rdek\u00e9ben gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szeres permetez\u00e9s sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges.<\/p><p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Irodalom:<\/span><\/strong><\/p><p>Gillespie, T. J., Srivastava, B., &amp; Pitblado, R. E. (1993). Az operat\u00edv id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si adatok felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1sa a paradicsom gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szeres permetez\u00e9s\u00e9nek \u00fctemez\u00e9s\u00e9hez Kanada d\u00e9li Ontario tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1ban. <em>Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology (Alkalmazott meteorol\u00f3gia \u00e9s klimatol\u00f3gia foly\u00f3irat), 32<\/em>(3), 567-573.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2afdd25 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2afdd25\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-baf2097\" data-id=\"baf2097\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25d4a76 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"25d4a76\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c7690c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c7690c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e5f13f5\" data-id=\"e5f13f5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2101da0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"2101da0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-grey-mould\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc8934f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc8934f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sz\u00fcrke pen\u00e9sz<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c880a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c880a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p>Sz\u00fcrkepen\u00e9sz (<em>Botrytis cinerea<\/em>) szkler\u00f3ciumok vagy mic\u00e9lium form\u00e1j\u00e1ban telel \u00e1t a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9kben, \u00e9s n\u00e9ha sp\u00f3r\u00e1k vagy mic\u00e9lium form\u00e1j\u00e1ban magr\u00f3l terjedhet bizonyos n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekben. M\u00e1s n\u00f6v\u00e9nyfajok is szolg\u00e1lhatnak a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 rezervo\u00e1rjak\u00e9nt, ami n\u00f6veli a keresztfert\u0151z\u00e9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t. A leveg\u0151ben terjed\u0151 kon\u00eddiumok a sz\u00e9llel is sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3r\u00f3dhatnak, \u00e9s a fr\u00f6ccsen\u0151 es\u0151cseppek fel\u00fclet\u00e9n is elsz\u00e1llhatnak. A magas relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom elengedhetetlen a term\u00e9keny sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9shez. A sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ld\u00f6n a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyekre ker\u00fcl\u0151 sp\u00f3r\u00e1k kics\u00edr\u00e1znak \u00e9s fert\u0151z\u00e9st ind\u00edtanak el, ha az es\u0151b\u0151l, harmatb\u00f3l, k\u00f6db\u0151l vagy \u00f6nt\u00f6z\u00e9sb\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 szabad v\u00edz jelen van a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny fel\u00fclet\u00e9n.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00e9s optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti tartom\u00e1nya 18 \u00b0C \u00e9s 24 \u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van, \u00e9s kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a fert\u0151z\u00e9s ak\u00e1r \u00f6t \u00f3r\u00e1n bel\u00fcl bek\u00f6vetkezik. A 28\u00b0C feletti magas h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet azonban g\u00e1tolja a gomb\u00e1k n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t \u00e9s a sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9st. A haldokl\u00f3 vir\u00e1gok ide\u00e1lis helyet biztos\u00edtanak a fert\u0151z\u00e9shez, de a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 a nedves, fert\u0151z\u00f6tt talajjal vagy n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9kkel val\u00f3 k\u00f6zvetlen \u00e9rintkez\u00e9s \u00fatj\u00e1n is megfert\u0151zheti a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket. N\u00f6v\u00e9nyh\u00e1zi k\u00f6rnyezetben a sz\u00e1relv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok vagy a sebek k\u00f6zvetlen koloniz\u00e1ci\u00f3j\u00e1b\u00f3l, vagy a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt leveleken kereszt\u00fcl alakulnak ki. A k\u00fcls\u0151 t\u00e1panyagok, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a v\u00edzcseppekben l\u00e9v\u0151 pollenszemek jelenl\u00e9te jelent\u0151sen fokozhatja a fert\u0151z\u00e9st. Ezenk\u00edv\u00fcl a sebz\u00e9s t\u00edpusa is befoly\u00e1solja a sz\u00e1relv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1s kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1t - a levelek let\u00f6r\u00e9se a sz\u00e1relv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok kisebb el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1t eredm\u00e9nyezi, mint a levelek k\u00e9ssel t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 lev\u00e1g\u00e1sa, amely egy csonkot hagy maga ut\u00e1n.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>T\u00fcnetek <em>B. cinerea<\/em> a paradicsom fert\u0151z\u00e9se az \u00e9rintett n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi r\u00e9szekt\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en v\u00e1ltozik. A leveleken a kezdeti t\u00fcnetek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak a v\u00edzzel \u00e1titatott, b\u00e9zs sz\u00edn\u0171 s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek, amelyek kiterjedhetnek \u00e9s \u00f6sszeolvadhatnak, \u00e9s nekr\u00f3zishoz vezethetnek.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt sz\u00e1rakon barn\u00e1s elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok alakulhatnak ki, amelyek a sz\u00e1rat \u00e1tf\u0171zhetik, \u00e9s hervad\u00e1st vagy a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny elhal\u00e1s\u00e1t okozhatj\u00e1k. A vir\u00e1gok is fog\u00e9konyak, \u00e9s a fert\u0151z\u00e9s gyakran gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsrothad\u00e1shoz vezet. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k l\u00e1gy, vizes rothad\u00e1st mutatnak, amelyet gyakran sz\u00fcrk\u00e9s, bolyhos pen\u00e9szes pen\u00e9szesed\u00e9s k\u00eds\u00e9r a felsz\u00ednen. Ez a pen\u00e9sz kon\u00eddiumokb\u00f3l \u00e9s kon\u00eddiumokb\u00f3l \u00e1ll, amelyek hozz\u00e1j\u00e1rulnak a betegs\u00e9g tov\u00e1bbi terjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez. Nedves k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 gyorsan megtelepedhet \u00e9s elpuszt\u00edthatja a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcssz\u00f6veteket, ami jelent\u0151s term\u00e9skies\u00e9shez vezet. E t\u00fcnetek felismer\u00e9se kulcsfontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a paradicsomkult\u00far\u00e1kban el\u0151fordul\u00f3 sz\u00fcrkepen\u00e9sz korai felismer\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s kezel\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/li><li>Napsug\u00e1rz\u00e1s<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62431 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea-1024x642.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"642\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea-1024x642.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea-300x188.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea-768x482.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Botrytis-cinerea.png 1354w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/642;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Jacob, D., David, D. R., Sztjenberg, A., &amp; Elad, Y. (2008). Az Oidium neolycopersici \u00e1ltal okozott paradicsom lisztharmat kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e9telei. <em>Phytopathology, 98<\/em>(3), 270-281.<\/p><p>Jacob, D., David, D. R., &amp; Elad, Y. (2007). A paradicsom lisztharmat (Oidium neolycopersici) biol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja \u00e9s biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9se. <em>IOBC WPRS BULLETIN, 30<\/em>(6\/2), 329.<\/p><p>Fletcher, J. T., Smewin, B. J., &amp; Cook, R. T. A. (1988). <em>Paradicsom lisztharmat. N\u00f6v\u00e9nyk\u00f3rtan, 37<\/em>(4), 594-598.<\/p><p>Jones, H., Whipps, J. M., &amp; Gurr, S. J. (2001). A paradicsom lisztharmatgomba Oidium neolycopersici. <em>Molekul\u00e1ris n\u00f6v\u00e9nypatol\u00f3gia, 2<\/em>(6).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9874c8a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9874c8a\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9d4a5ff\" data-id=\"9d4a5ff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-67cf6cc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"67cf6cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-437ba36 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"437ba36\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f264898\" data-id=\"f264898\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd717ed elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"dd717ed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-passalora-fulva\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7582f4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7582f4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cladosporium fulvum<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a4e65a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a4e65a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p><em>Cladosporium fulvum<\/em>, m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven Passalora fulva, a paradicsom lev\u00e9lpen\u00e9sz\u00e9\u00e9rt felel\u0151s gomb\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3, amely els\u0151sorban az \u00fcvegh\u00e1zi k\u00f6rnyezetben l\u00e9v\u0151 paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket \u00e9rinti. A k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 szkler\u00f3ciumok vagy kon\u00eddiumok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban telel \u00e1t n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9kben, magvakban \u00e9s talajban, amelyek gazdatest n\u00e9lk\u00fcl legal\u00e1bb egy \u00e9vig k\u00e9pesek t\u00fal\u00e9lni. Kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek kialakul\u00e1sakor ezek a t\u00fal\u00e9l\u0151 strukt\u00far\u00e1k \u00faj kon\u00eddiumokat termelnek, amelyek els\u0151dleges inokulumk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak. A kon\u00eddiumok a lev\u00e9l felsz\u00edn\u00e9n cs\u00edr\u00e1znak, \u00e9s k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen magas p\u00e1ratartalom mellett a szt\u00f3m\u00e1kon kereszt\u00fcl behatolnak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nybe. Ezt k\u00f6vet\u0151en a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt levelek alj\u00e1n kon\u00eddiumf\u00f3r\u00e1k fejl\u0151dnek, amelyek tov\u00e1bbi kon\u00eddiumok termel\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezetnek, amelyek sz\u00e9l, v\u00edzfr\u00f6ccsen\u00e9s, szersz\u00e1mok, ruh\u00e1zat \u00e9s rovarok \u00fatj\u00e1n terjednek, el\u0151seg\u00edtve a betegs\u00e9g gyors terjed\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00e9snek \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak kedvez a magas p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet. A relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom 75 \u00e9s 90% k\u00f6z\u00f6tti szintre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g, az optim\u00e1lis relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom 85%. A betegs\u00e9g 40\u00b0 \u00e9s 90\u00b0F (4\u00b0 \u00e9s 32\u00b0C) k\u00f6z\u00f6tti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten fejl\u0151dik ki, az optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 22\u00b0 \u00e9s 24\u00b0C (72\u00b0 \u00e9s 76\u00b0F) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van. A betegs\u00e9g ritk\u00e1n fordul el\u0151 10 \u00b0C (50 \u00b0F) alatti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten. A fert\u0151z\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151 t\u00edz-tizenk\u00e9t napon bel\u00fcl \u00faj sp\u00f3r\u00e1k k\u00e9pz\u0151dhetnek, \u00e9s szezononk\u00e9nt t\u00f6bb ciklus is el\u0151fordulhat.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A paradicsom lev\u00e9lpen\u00e9sz kezdeti t\u00fcnetei az id\u0151sebb leveleken halv\u00e1nyz\u00f6ld vagy s\u00e1rg\u00e1s foltok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelennek meg, amelyek a fels\u0151 fel\u00fcleten bizonytalan sz\u00e9l\u0171ek. Ennek megfelel\u0151en az als\u00f3 lev\u00e9lfel\u00fcleten a gomba sp\u00f3r\u00e1zik, \u00e9s olajz\u00f6ldt\u0151l a sz\u00fcrk\u00e9slil\u00e1ig terjed\u0151, b\u00e1rsonyos, sp\u00f3r\u00e1kb\u00f3l \u00e1ll\u00f3 foltokat hoz l\u00e9tre. A betegs\u00e9g el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt ter\u00fcletek nekrotikuss\u00e1 v\u00e1lhatnak, aminek k\u00f6vetkezt\u00e9ben a levelek beg\u00f6rb\u00fclnek, elsz\u00e1radnak \u00e9s v\u00e9g\u00fcl elhalnak, gyakran a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyhez tapadva maradnak.<\/p><p>A betegs\u00e9g els\u0151sorban a paradicsom leveleit \u00e9rinti, de s\u00falyos esetekben a paradicsom sz\u00e1r\u00e1t, vir\u00e1g\u00e1t \u00e9s gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00e9t is megfert\u0151zheti. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt vir\u00e1gok elfeketedhetnek \u00e9s lehullanak, ami a term\u00e9sk\u00f6t\u0151d\u00e9s cs\u00f6kken\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezethet. A gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcst\u00fcnetek fekete, szab\u00e1lytalan alak\u00fa, diff\u00faz sz\u00e9l\u0171 s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek a z\u00f6ld vagy \u00e9rett gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n. A term\u00e9shozam jelent\u0151sen cs\u00f6kken, ha a lev\u00e9lfel\u00fclet t\u00f6bb mint 50%-nyi r\u00e9sz\u00e9t bor\u00edtj\u00e1k a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9l nedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62432 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum-1024x600.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"600\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum-1024x600.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum-300x176.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum-768x450.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Cladosporium-fulvum.png 1356w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/600;\" \/><\/p><p>\u00c9rt\u00e9kelj\u00fck a kock\u00e1zatot <em>Cladosporium fulvum<\/em> fert\u0151z\u00e9s a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g, a relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00e9nek megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9vel. A grafikon kiemeli a magas fert\u0151z\u00e9si kock\u00e1zat\u00fa id\u0151szakokat, amikor a g\u00f6rbe 80% \u00e9s 100% k\u00f6z\u00e9 esik.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1gi \u00e9s Kert\u00e9szeti Fejleszt\u00e9si Tan\u00e1cs. (n.d.). <em>Paradicsom lev\u00e9lpen\u00e9sz: Oka, t\u00fcnetei \u00e9s terjed\u00e9se<\/em>. AHDB. Retrieved March 10, 2025, from https:\/\/horticulture.ahdb.org.uk\/knowledge-library\/cause-symptoms-spread-tomato-leaf-mould.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cea5268 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cea5268\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2168e95\" data-id=\"2168e95\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63d55d1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63d55d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c77d195 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c77d195\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-64d3a8d\" data-id=\"64d3a8d\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a44b740 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"a44b740\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-colletotrichumspp\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49183f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"49183f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Colletotrichum spp<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc16c46 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc16c46\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p><em>Colletotrichum<\/em> fajok a paradicsom antrakn\u00f3zis\u00e1\u00e9rt felel\u0151s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 gomb\u00e1k. A k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 a kedvez\u0151tlen k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket \u00fagy \u00e9li t\u00fal, hogy ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3 strukt\u00far\u00e1kat k\u00e9pez, az \u00fan. <em>szkler\u00f3ciumok<\/em>, amelyek a talajban \u00e9s a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9kben megmaradnak. A k\u00e9s\u0151 tavaszi h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet emelked\u00e9s\u00e9vel ezek a szkler\u00f3ciumok kics\u00edr\u00e1znak, \u00e9s sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat bocs\u00e1tanak ki, amelyek megfert\u0151zik a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyek als\u00f3 leveleit \u00e9s term\u00e9seit. A kezdeti fert\u0151z\u00e9sek gyakran az el\u00f6reged\u0151 vagy k\u00e1rtev\u0151k \u00e1ltal k\u00e1ros\u00edtott leveleken fordulnak el\u0151, amelyek a veget\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151szak sor\u00e1n a m\u00e1sodlagos fert\u0151z\u00e9sek els\u0151dleges forr\u00e1sak\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak.<\/p><p>A Co kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s terjed\u00e9s\u00e9t jelent\u0151sen befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek. A gomba meleg h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten fejl\u0151dik, optim\u00e1lis n\u00f6veked\u00e9se 80\u00b0F (kb. 27\u00b0C) k\u00f6r\u00fcl van, de akt\u00edv marad 55\u00b0F \u00e9s 95\u00b0F (13\u00b0C \u00e9s 35\u00b0C) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt is. A nedves id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az es\u0151 vagy a fel\u00fclr\u0151l t\u00f6rt\u00e9n\u0151 \u00f6nt\u00f6z\u00e9s okozta hosszan tart\u00f3 lev\u00e9lnedves id\u0151szakok el\u0151seg\u00edtik a betegs\u00e9g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1t. A fr\u00f6ccsen\u0151 v\u00edz megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k sz\u00e9tterjed\u00e9s\u00e9t a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi r\u00e9szekr\u0151l az eg\u00e9szs\u00e9ges sz\u00f6vetekre, ami \u00faj fert\u0151z\u00e9si helyek kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>Az antrakn\u00f3zis okozta t\u00fcnetek <em>Colletotrichum spp<\/em>. els\u0151sorban a paradicsom term\u00e9s\u00e9n jelentkezik, b\u00e1r a sz\u00e1rak, levelek \u00e9s gy\u00f6kerek is \u00e9rintettek lehetnek. A gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n a betegs\u00e9g apr\u00f3, beesett, s\u00f6t\u00e9t s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkezik, amelyek id\u0151vel megnagyobbodhatnak, \u00e9s kiterjedt rothad\u00e1shoz vezethetnek. A z\u00f6ld \u00e9s az \u00e9rett gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k egyar\u00e1nt fog\u00e9konyak; a z\u00f6ld gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n azonban a k\u00e1rosod\u00e1sok nem felt\u00e9tlen\u00fcl l\u00e1that\u00f3k azonnal, hanem a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs \u00e9r\u00e9se sor\u00e1n alakulnak ki. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt sz\u00e1rakon \u00e9s leveleken s\u00f6t\u00e9t foltok vagy s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek jelenhetnek meg, ami vesz\u00e9lyeztetheti a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos eg\u00e9szs\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s \u00e9leterej\u00e9t.<\/p><p>A l\u00e1that\u00f3 t\u00fcnetek mellett, <em>Colletotrichum spp<\/em>. bels\u0151 elsz\u00ednez\u0151d\u00e9st \u00e9s rothad\u00e1st okozhat, ami cs\u00f6kkenti a paradicsomterm\u00e9kek piack\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyekn\u00e9l a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi sz\u00f6vetek s\u00e9r\u00fclt integrit\u00e1sa miatt id\u0151 el\u0151tti lev\u00e9lhull\u00e1s, term\u00e9scs\u00f6kken\u00e9s \u00e9s m\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3kkal szembeni fokozott sebezhet\u0151s\u00e9g jelentkezhet. E t\u00fcnetek korai felismer\u00e9se d\u00f6nt\u0151 fontoss\u00e1g\u00fa a hat\u00e9kony kezel\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k v\u00e9grehajt\u00e1s\u00e1hoz, hogy enyh\u00edts\u00fck az antrakn\u00f3zis paradicsomkult\u00far\u00e1kra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1t.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62433 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp-1024x332.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"332\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp-1024x332.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp-300x97.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp-768x249.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Colletotrichum-spp.png 1280w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/332;\" \/><\/p><p>Az antracn\u00f3zis 15\u00b0C \u00e9s 30\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten fert\u0151zi meg a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket, de ehhez hosszan tart\u00f3 lev\u00e9lnedves peri\u00f3dusra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. A 20\u00b0C \u00e9s 25\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tti optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten 12 \u00f3r\u00e1s lev\u00e9lnedves\u00edt\u00e9si peri\u00f3dusra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Teh\u00e1t, amikor a fert\u0151z\u00e9si g\u00f6rbe el\u00e9ri az 100% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, a sz\u00e1nt\u00f3f\u00f6ld\u00f6n optim\u00e1lis felt\u00e9telek adottak a fert\u0151z\u00e9shez.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong> Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Lees, A. K.; Hilton, A. J. (2003). Fekete pont (Colletotrichum coccodes): A burgonya egyre fontosabb betegs\u00e9ge. <em>N\u00f6v\u00e9nyk\u00f3rtan, 52<\/em>. Wiley-Blackwell: 3\u201312. doi:10.1046\/j.1365-3059.2003.00793.x.<\/p><p>Brit N\u00f6v\u00e9nypatol\u00f3giai T\u00e1rsas\u00e1g (BSPP). <em>Paradicsom | Betegs\u00e9gek \u00e9s k\u00e1rtev\u0151k, Le\u00edr\u00e1s, Felhaszn\u00e1l\u00e1s, Szapor\u00edt\u00e1s<\/em>. Archiv\u00e1lva az eredeti d\u00e1tummal 2014-12-13. Let\u00f6ltve 2014-12-22.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1f1e61 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1f1e61\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8088ab4\" data-id=\"8088ab4\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f1a90b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"7f1a90b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6aef3d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6aef3d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47480a3\" data-id=\"47480a3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-625b089 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"625b089\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-phytophthora\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0d1f725 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0d1f725\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Phytophthora <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-adc2f38 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"adc2f38\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p><em>Phytophthora<\/em> fajok, nevezetesen <em>Phytophthora infestans<\/em> \u00e9s <em>Phytophthora capsici<\/em>, a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket megbeteg\u00edt\u0151 h\u00edrhedt k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k. Ezek az oomyc\u00e9t\u00e1k sporangiumokat termelnek, amelyek mozg\u00e9kony zoosp\u00f3r\u00e1kat bocs\u00e1tanak ki, amelyek k\u00e9pesek megfert\u0151zni a gazdasz\u00f6veteket. <em>P. infestans<\/em> nedves, h\u0171v\u00f6s k\u00f6rnyezetben fejl\u0151dik, a sporul\u00e1ci\u00f3 12-18 \u00b0C-on (54-64 \u00b0F) optim\u00e1lis, \u00e9s az elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok n\u00f6veked\u00e9si \u00fcteme 20-24 \u00b0C (68-75 \u00b0F) k\u00f6z\u00f6tt tet\u0151zik. Hasonl\u00f3k\u00e9ppen, <em>P. nicotianae<\/em> 84-90 \u00b0F k\u00f6z\u00f6tti meleg h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten vir\u00e1gzik, \u00e9s a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k elterjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez v\u00edzzel tel\u00edtett k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket ig\u00e9nyel.<\/p><p>E k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k \u00e9letciklus\u00e1t nagym\u00e9rt\u00e9kben befoly\u00e1solj\u00e1k a k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek. A tel\u00edtett talaj \u00e9s a hosszan tart\u00f3 lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g megk\u00f6nny\u00edti a zoosp\u00f3r\u00e1k mozg\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s fert\u0151z\u00e9si k\u00e9pess\u00e9g\u00e9t. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul, <em>P. capsici<\/em> a csemet\u00e9kben nedvess\u00e9get okoz, \u00e9s nedves, v\u00edzzel \u00e1titatott talajban fejl\u0151dik, ami a betegs\u00e9g gyors terjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezet.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>T\u00fcnetek <em>Phytophthora<\/em> A paradicsomban el\u0151fordul\u00f3 fert\u0151z\u00e9sek az \u00e9rintett fajt\u00f3l f\u00fcgg\u0151en v\u00e1ltoznak. <em>P. infestans<\/em> k\u00e9s\u0151i foltoss\u00e1got okoz, amelyet a leveleken, sz\u00e1rakon \u00e9s gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n v\u00edzzel \u00e1titatott s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek jellemeznek, amelyek gyorsan megnagyobbodnak \u00e9s s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarn\u00e1ra vagy feket\u00e9re sz\u00ednez\u0151dnek, \u00e9s nedves k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt gyakran feh\u00e9r, bolyhos kin\u00f6v\u00e9sek k\u00eds\u00e9rik. <em>P. capsici<\/em> koronafert\u0151z\u00e9shez, lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1ghoz \u00e9s lombfoltoss\u00e1ghoz vezet, a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsrothad\u00e1s pedig koncentrikus gy\u0171r\u0171ket mutat.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modellek<\/h3><p><strong>Phytophthora Capsici<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><\/ul><p>Kisz\u00e1m\u00edtjuk a kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s a fert\u0151z\u00e9si potenci\u00e1lt <em>Phytophthora capsici<\/em> oosp\u00f3r\u00e1k (ivaros szaporod\u00e1s) \u00e9s sporangiumok (aszexu\u00e1lis szaporod\u00e1s) r\u00e9v\u00e9n. Az oosp\u00f3r\u00e1k vastag fal\u00faak, ami lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszi sz\u00e1mukra, hogy hossz\u00fa ideig fennmaradjanak, de kialakul\u00e1sukhoz k\u00e9t kompatibilis <em>P. capsici<\/em> izol\u00e1tumok. Ezzel szemben a sporangiumok gyorsan sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3r\u00f3dnak a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyen bel\u00fcl, el\u0151seg\u00edtve a gyors fert\u0151z\u00e9st. Ha a fert\u0151z\u00e9s el\u00e9ri az 100% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, az azt jelzi, hogy az oosp\u00f3r\u00e1k vagy a sporangiumok fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s terjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez optim\u00e1lis felt\u00e9telek \u00e1llnak rendelkez\u00e9sre.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62434 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici-1024x483.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"483\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici-768x362.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Blight-Phytophthora-Capsici.png 1300w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/483;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Phythopthora infestans modell NoBlight<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9l nedvess\u00e9g<\/li><li>Csapad\u00e9k<\/li><\/ul><p>A k\u00e9sei foltoss\u00e1g el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1nak val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t a felhalmozott \"s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi \u00e9rt\u00e9kek\" seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel jelzik el\u0151re, amelyek az id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si viszonyokon alapulnak, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen az enyhe \u00e9s nedves k\u00f6rnyezeten, amely kedvez a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 fejl\u0151d\u00e9s\u00e9nek. Ezek az \u00e9rt\u00e9kek n\u00f6vekednek, ha a k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek alkalmasak a betegs\u00e9g el\u0151rehalad\u00e1s\u00e1ra. A s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi \u00e9rt\u00e9keket az aj\u00e1nlott permetez\u00e9si id\u0151k\u00f6z\u00f6k mellett t\u00fcntetj\u00fck fel, a r\u00f6videbb permetez\u00e9si id\u0151k\u00f6z\u00f6kkel, ha a s\u00falyoss\u00e1g magas, \u00e9s a hosszabb permetez\u00e9si id\u0151k\u00f6z\u00f6kkel, ha a s\u00falyoss\u00e1g alacsony.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62435 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight-1024x510.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"510\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight-1024x510.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight-768x383.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phythopthora-infestans-model-NoBlight.png 1278w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/510;\" \/><\/p><p><strong>Phytophthora infestans modell Fry<\/strong><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9l nedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p>W.E. Fry (1983) a burgonya fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 fog\u00e9konys\u00e1gi szinteken vizsg\u00e1lta, a magas p\u00e1ratartalom, a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet hat\u00e1s\u00e1t vizsg\u00e1lva. Eredm\u00e9nyei alapj\u00e1n kifejlesztett egy fert\u0151z\u00e9si modellt a burgonya k\u00e9sei foltoss\u00e1g\u00e1ra, \u00e9s k\u00e9s\u0151bb kiterjesztette azt a kl\u00f3rtalonil (Bravo) gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szer optim\u00e1lis permetez\u00e9si id\u0151k\u00f6z\u00e9nek becsl\u00e9s\u00e9re. Kutat\u00e1sai kimutatt\u00e1k, hogy a fog\u00e9kony fajt\u00e1k gyorsabban \u00e9s nagyobb s\u00falyoss\u00e1ggal fert\u0151z\u0151dnek, m\u00edg a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelten fog\u00e9kony \u00e9s rezisztens fajt\u00e1knak hosszabb nedvess\u00e9gtartalomra vagy melegebb h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kletre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g\u00fck a fert\u0151z\u00e9shez, ami alacsonyabb betegs\u00e9gs\u00falyt eredm\u00e9nyez.<\/p><p>A modell fert\u0151z\u00e9si id\u0151szaki besorol\u00e1st ad, amely a fog\u00e9kony fajt\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben legfeljebb 7, a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelten fog\u00e9kony fajt\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben 6, a rezisztens fajt\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben pedig 5 lehet. A gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerek kijuttat\u00e1s\u00e1nak id\u0151z\u00edt\u00e9s\u00e9t is a felhalmozott foltoss\u00e1gi egys\u00e9gek alapj\u00e1n hat\u00e1rozza meg, amelyek nem haladhatj\u00e1k meg a 30-at a fog\u00e9kony, a 35-\u00f6t a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelten fog\u00e9kony \u00e9s a 40-et a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelten rezisztens fajt\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben. \u00dajabb permetez\u00e9sre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g, ha az utols\u00f3 alkalmaz\u00e1s \u00f3ta t\u00f6bb mint hat nap telt el, \u00e9s a foltoss\u00e1gi egys\u00e9gk\u00fcsz\u00f6b\u00e9rt\u00e9ket t\u00fall\u00e9pt\u00e9k. Ez a modell hat\u00e9kony eszk\u00f6z a burgonya k\u00e9sei foltoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak kezel\u00e9s\u00e9re szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1nak ir\u00e1ny\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1ra.<\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62436 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry-1024x632.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"632\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry-1024x632.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry-300x185.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry-768x474.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Phytophthora-infestans-model-Fry.png 1289w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/632;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Fry, WE, AE Apple &amp; JA Bruhn (1983). A burgonya k\u00e9sei foltoss\u00e1gi el\u0151rejelz\u00e9sek \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se a gazdaszervezet rezisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1nak \u00e9s a fungicidek id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s\u00e1nak figyelembev\u00e9tel\u00e9vel m\u00f3dos\u00edtva. <em>Fitopatol\u00f3gia 73<\/em>:1054-1059.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e56eb43 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e56eb43\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92a7368\" data-id=\"92a7368\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eeefad3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eeefad3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fd4296e elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fd4296e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dfb7d22\" data-id=\"dfb7d22\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-598d0af elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"598d0af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-powdery-mildew\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fae83f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7fae83f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Poros lisztharmat<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cec14fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cec14fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p>A paradicsom lisztharmat\u00e1t vil\u00e1gszerte h\u00e1rom k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 okozhatja: <em>Leveillula taurica<\/em>, <em>Erysiphe orontii<\/em>, \u00e9s <em>Oidium lycopersicum<\/em>.<\/p><p><em>Leveillula taurica<\/em> k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 gazdafajokkal rendelkezik \u00c1zsia, a F\u00f6ldk\u00f6zi-tengeri t\u00e9rs\u00e9g, Afrika \u00e9s \u00fajabban az Egyes\u00fclt \u00c1llamok d\u00e9lnyugati r\u00e9sz\u00e9n, meleg, sz\u00e1raz \u00e9s f\u00e9lmeleg, sz\u00e1raz \u00e9ghajlat\u00fa ter\u00fcleteken. <em>Erysiphe orontii<\/em> egy m\u00e1sik gyakori faj, amely a m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt \u00e9g\u00f6vi \u00e9s tr\u00f3pusi r\u00e9gi\u00f3kban egyar\u00e1nt sokf\u00e9le gazdan\u00f6v\u00e9nnyel rendelkezik. A harmadik k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3, <em>Oidium lycopersicum<\/em>, elt\u00e9r a t\u00f6bbit\u0151l, mivel enn\u00e9l a fajn\u00e1l nem azonos\u00edtottak ivaros st\u00e1diumot. Emellett, <em>Oidium neolycopersici<\/em> a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kt\u0151l elk\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edtve ker\u00fclt oszt\u00e1lyoz\u00e1sra <em>Oidium lycopersici<\/em>, amely k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 molekul\u00e1ris \u00e9s morfol\u00f3giai jellemz\u0151ket mutat, \u00e9s kritikus vesz\u00e9lyt jelent az \u00fcvegh\u00e1zban \u00e9s a szabadf\u00f6ld\u00f6n termesztett paradicsomra.<\/p><p><em>Kon\u00eddiumok<\/em> (aszexu\u00e1lis sp\u00f3r\u00e1k) a kon\u00eddiumf\u00f3r\u00e1kb\u00f3l termel\u0151dnek \u00e9s a sz\u00e9l \u00e1ltal terjednek. Amint egy \u00faj gazdaszervezeten landolnak, kics\u00edr\u00e1znak \u00e9s cs\u00edracs\u00f6veket hoznak l\u00e9tre, majd appressorium \u00e9s haustorium k\u00e9pz\u0151dik bel\u0151l\u00fck. Ezek a strukt\u00far\u00e1k lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a gomba sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, hogy behatoljon a gazdaszervezetbe \u00e9s t\u00e1panyagokat vonjon ki bel\u0151le. Gyors \u00e9s folyamatos koloniz\u00e1ci\u00f3 k\u00f6vetkezik be, ahogy a m\u00e1sodlagos hif\u00e1k sz\u00e9tterjednek, \u00e9s az aszexu\u00e1lis ciklus ism\u00e9tl\u0151dik, ahogy \u00faj kon\u00eddiumf\u00f3r\u00e1k keletkeznek.<\/p><p>Az ivaros szakasz a kleisztot\u00e9ciumok kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1val kezd\u0151dik, amelyek telel\u0151szerkezetk\u00e9nt szolg\u00e1lnak. Kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek mellett ezek a kleisztot\u00e9ciumok aszkosp\u00f3r\u00e1kat (aszexu\u00e1lis sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat) bocs\u00e1tanak ki, \u00e9s ezek a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k \u00faj gazdaszervezeten landolnak, a kon\u00eddiumokhoz hasonl\u00f3 folyamat r\u00e9v\u00e9n \u00faj fert\u0151z\u00e9st ind\u00edtva el.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A levelek fels\u0151 fel\u00fclet\u00e9n \u00e9s esetenk\u00e9nt az als\u00f3 fel\u00fclet\u00e9n feh\u00e9r porszer\u0171 elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok jelennek meg. A n\u00f6v\u00e9ny m\u00e1s r\u00e9szein, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a lev\u00e9lny\u00e9len, a sz\u00e1rakon \u00e9s a vir\u00e1gsz\u00e1rakon is kialakulnak, de a term\u00e9seken nem -. <em>L. taurica<\/em> csak a leveleken okoz t\u00fcneteket. S\u00falyos esetekben a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek \u00f6sszen\u0151hetnek, \u00e9s az eg\u00e9sz fel\u00fcletet bebor\u00edthatj\u00e1k. B\u00e1r a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl nem \u00e9rinti, a k\u00e1rosodott fotoszint\u00e9zis \u00e9s a korai \u00f6reged\u00e9s hat\u00e1ssal lehet a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs m\u00e9ret\u00e9re \u00e9s t\u00e1pl\u00e1lkoz\u00e1si min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9re, ami term\u00e9skies\u00e9st eredm\u00e9nyezhet.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p>H\u00e1rom modell l\u00e9tezik a k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 paradicsomt\u00edpusokhoz.<\/p><ol><li><strong> Fedett paradicsom:<\/strong> \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati modell, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati PE modell, Leveillula Taurica lisztharmat modell<\/li><li><strong>M\u00f3dos\u00edtott \u00e9ghajlat\u00fa paradicsom:<\/strong> \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati modellje<\/li><li><strong>Meleg \u00e9ghajlat\u00fa paradicsom:<\/strong> \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati modell, \u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati PE modell, Leveillula Taurica lisztharmat modell<\/li><\/ol><p>\u00cdme n\u00e9h\u00e1ny k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9tel, amely kedvez a fert\u0151z\u00e9snek:<\/p><ul><li>relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom &gt; 50% (optim\u00e1lis relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom &gt; 90%)<\/li><li>szabad v\u00edz a lev\u00e9lfel\u00fcleteken nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges<\/li><li>h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet-tartom\u00e1ny: 10-35 \u00b0C (legjobb 30 \u00b0C alatt)<\/li><\/ul><h4><em><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>\u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati modellje<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/h4><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62437 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model-1024x337.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"337\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model-1024x337.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model-300x99.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model-768x253.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model-18x6.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-Model.png 1423w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/337;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p>A lisztharmat egy inokulumvez\u00e9relt betegs\u00e9g, ez\u00e9rt csak a kock\u00e1zatos id\u0151szakokat hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg. Ez a modell a kock\u00e1zatot a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g \u00e9s a leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete alapj\u00e1n sz\u00e1m\u00edtja ki. Ha a kock\u00e1zati index meghaladja a 80% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, megfontoland\u00f3 a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1sa: kombin\u00e1lni kell a kock\u00e1zatos id\u0151szak modellez\u00e9s\u00e9t a gombainokulum monitoroz\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p><h4><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em><strong>\u00c1ltal\u00e1nos paradicsom lisztharmat kock\u00e1zati PE-modell<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/h4><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62438 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model-1024x509.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"509\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model-1024x509.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model-300x149.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model-768x382.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_General-Tomato-Powdery-Mildew-Risk-PE-Model.png 1425w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/509;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/li><li>Napsug\u00e1rz\u00e1s<\/li><\/ul><p>Ez a modell l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben megegyezik az el\u0151z\u0151vel, azzal a l\u00e9nyeges k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ggel, hogy a napsug\u00e1rz\u00e1st is tartalmazza. Ha a kock\u00e1zati index meghaladja a 80% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, megfontoland\u00f3 a v\u00e9dekez\u00e9si strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1sa: kombin\u00e1lni kell a kock\u00e1zatos id\u0151szak modellez\u00e9s\u00e9t a gombainokulum monitoroz\u00e1s\u00e1val.<\/p><h4><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>Leveillula Taurica lisztharmatmodell<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/h4><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62439 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model-1024x554.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"554\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model-1024x554.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model-300x162.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model-768x415.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model-18x10.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Leveillula-Taurica-Powdery-Mildew-Model.png 1531w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/554;\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete (\u00e1tlag, minimum, maximum)<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p>Ez a modell a <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ipm.ucanr.edu\/DISEASE\/DATABASE\/tomatopowderymildew.html\">a Kaliforniai Egyetem (Davis) \u00e1ltal kifejlesztett el\u0151rejelz\u00e9si modell.<\/a><\/span>. A lisztharmat sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra kedvez\u0151 felt\u00e9teleket a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet, a relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g alapj\u00e1n hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg, \u00e9s ezeket az els\u0151 grafikonon \u00e1br\u00e1zolj\u00e1k. Ez alapj\u00e1n t\u00f6rt\u00e9nik a betegs\u00e9g k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9rt\u00e9kel\u00e9se \u00e9s a permetez\u00e9si aj\u00e1nl\u00e1s.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Jacob, D., David, D. R., Sztjenberg, A., &amp; Elad, Y. (2008). Az Oidium neolycopersici \u00e1ltal okozott paradicsom lisztharmat kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak felt\u00e9telei. <em>Phytopathology, 98<\/em>(3), 270-281.<\/p><p>Jacob, D., David, D. R., &amp; Elad, Y. (2007). A paradicsom lisztharmat (Oidium neolycopersici) biol\u00f3gi\u00e1ja \u00e9s biol\u00f3giai v\u00e9dekez\u00e9se. <em>IOBC WPRS BULLETIN, 30<\/em>(6\/2), 329.<\/p><p>Fletcher, J. T., Smewin, B. J., &amp; Cook, R. T. A. (1988). Paradicsom lisztharmat. <em>N\u00f6v\u00e9nyk\u00f3rtan, 37<\/em>(4), 594-598.<\/p><p>Jones, H., Whipps, J. M., &amp; Gurr, S. J. (2001). A paradicsom lisztharmatgomba Oidium neolycopersici. <em>Molekul\u00e1ris n\u00f6v\u00e9nypatol\u00f3gia, 2<\/em>(6).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a5814d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a5814d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d612eaa\" data-id=\"d612eaa\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b5e9bf elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"8b5e9bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5a6b873 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5a6b873\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-655a78e\" data-id=\"655a78e\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7544aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7544aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"tomato-septoria-leaf-spot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8020592 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8020592\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e9e7023 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e9e7023\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><p><em>Septoria lycopersici<\/em> a Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g\u00e9rt felel\u0151s gomb\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3, amely vil\u00e1gszerte gyakori \u00e9s puszt\u00edt\u00f3 betegs\u00e9g, amely a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket \u00e9rinti. A gomba els\u0151sorban a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9keken, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul lehullott leveleken \u00e9s sz\u00e1rakon, valamint bizonyos gyomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeken, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a nadraguly\u00e1n telel \u00e1t. Tavasszal, kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a gomba sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat termel, amelyeket a sz\u00e9l \u00e9s a fr\u00f6ccsen\u0151 es\u0151 sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3r, \u00e9s \u00fajabb fert\u0151z\u00e9sekhez vezet. A k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket a fejl\u0151d\u00e9s b\u00e1rmely szakasz\u00e1ban megfert\u0151zheti, a t\u00fcnetek jellemz\u0151en az els\u0151 term\u00e9sk\u00f6t\u00e9sek ut\u00e1n jelennek meg az als\u00f3 leveleken.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00e9snek \u00e9s a betegs\u00e9g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1nak kedveznek a meleg, nedves \u00e9s p\u00e1r\u00e1s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek. A S. lycopersici terjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 15 \u00b0C \u00e9s 27 \u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van, magas relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalommal \u00e9s hosszan tart\u00f3 lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9ggel p\u00e1rosulva. Ezek a k\u00f6rnyezeti felt\u00e9telek el\u0151seg\u00edtik a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k felszabadul\u00e1s\u00e1t \u00e9s sz\u00e9tsz\u00f3r\u00f3d\u00e1s\u00e1t, ami a betegs\u00e9g gyors terjed\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezethet, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen a hosszan tart\u00f3 nedves id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1si id\u0151szakok alatt.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g kezdeti t\u00fcnetei a paradicsomn\u00f6v\u00e9ny id\u0151sebb, als\u00f3 levelein megjelen\u0151 apr\u00f3, k\u00f6r alak\u00fa, k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 1\/16-1\/4 h\u00fcvelyk \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 elv\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkeznek. Ezek a foltok s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarna szeg\u00e9ly\u0171ek, barn\u00e1sbarna vagy sz\u00fcrke k\u00f6z\u00e9ppel, \u00e9s gyakran tartalmaznak apr\u00f3, fekete term\u0151testeket, az \u00fagynevezett pikn\u00eddiumokat, amelyek a betegs\u00e9g diagnosztikai jellemz\u0151i. Ahogy a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek egyre nagyobb sz\u00e1mban fordulnak el\u0151, az \u00e9rintett levelek s\u00e1rg\u00e1ra, majd barn\u00e1ra sz\u00ednez\u0151dhetnek, v\u00e9g\u00fcl elsz\u00e1radnak \u00e9s elhalnak, ami jelent\u0151s lombhull\u00e1shoz vezet. B\u00e1r a gomba els\u0151sorban a lombozatot fert\u0151zi, alkalmank\u00e9nt a sz\u00e1rat \u00e9s ritk\u00e1n a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6t is megfert\u0151zheti. A Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g okozta s\u00falyos lombhull\u00e1s gyeng\u00edti a n\u00f6v\u00e9nyt, cs\u00f6kkenti a fotoszintetikus kapacit\u00e1st, \u00e9s a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket k\u00f6zvetlen napf\u00e9nynek teszi ki, ami n\u00f6veli a napperzsel\u00e9s kock\u00e1zat\u00e1t. Ez nemcsak a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t rontja, hanem a teljes term\u00e9shozamot is cs\u00f6kkenti. A S. lycopersici terjed\u00e9s\u00e9nek megf\u00e9kez\u00e9s\u00e9hez \u00e9s a paradicsomkult\u00far\u00e1kra gyakorolt hat\u00e1s\u00e1nak minimaliz\u00e1l\u00e1s\u00e1hoz elengedhetetlen az integr\u00e1lt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9delmi strat\u00e9gi\u00e1k alkalmaz\u00e1sa, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a vet\u00e9sforg\u00f3, a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt n\u00f6v\u00e9nyi t\u00f6rmel\u00e9k elt\u00e1vol\u00edt\u00e1sa \u00e9s a fungicid permetszerek haszn\u00e1lata.<\/p><h3>FieldClimate modell<\/h3><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k:<\/span><\/p><ul><li>Leveg\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete<\/li><li>Relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom<\/li><li>Lev\u00e9l nedvess\u00e9g<\/li><\/ul><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-large wp-image-62440 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici-1024x808.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1024\" height=\"808\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici-1024x808.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici-768x606.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici-15x12.png 15w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/Disease-models_Tomato_Septoria-lycopersici.png 1317w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/808;\" \/><\/p><p>A nedves k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek el\u0151seg\u00edtik a sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9st, ha a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 15\u00b0C \u00e9s 27\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt van. Ezek a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k sz\u00e9llel, v\u00edzzel, k\u00e9zzel, rovarokkal \u00e9s berendez\u00e9sekkel terjedhetnek. Nedves k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k 48 \u00f3r\u00e1n bel\u00fcl kics\u00edr\u00e1zhatnak, \u00e9s a lev\u00e9lfoltok m\u00e1r \u00f6t nap alatt megjelennek, majd \u00fajabb sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9s indul meg. A hosszan tart\u00f3 harmat \u00e9s az es\u0151s id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s tov\u00e1bb gyors\u00edtja a betegs\u00e9g kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1t. A megn\u00f6vekedett fert\u0151z\u00e9si kock\u00e1zatot az FieldClimate.com seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel lehet nyomon k\u00f6vetni, ahol az emelked\u0151 fert\u0151z\u00e9si g\u00f6rb\u00e9k kedvez\u0151 felt\u00e9teleket jeleznek. Amint a fert\u0151z\u00e9s el\u00e9ri az 100% \u00e9rt\u00e9ket, azonnal gy\u00f3gy\u00edt\u00f3 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyv\u00e9delmi int\u00e9zked\u00e9seket kell v\u00e9grehajtani.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Irodalom:<\/strong><\/span><\/p><p>Illinois-i Egyetem kiterjeszt\u00e9se. (n.d.). <em>A paradicsom Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1ga, Septoria lycopersici.<\/em><\/p><p>Missouri Botanikus Kert. (n.d.). <em>A paradicsom Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1ga.<\/em><\/p><p>NC State Extension Publications. (n.d.). <em>A paradicsom Septoria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1ga.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dc0a3df elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dc0a3df\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f8230c\" data-id=\"3f8230c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e4d131 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"6e4d131\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-caf58d4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"caf58d4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aj\u00e1nlott felszerel\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-31f74cc elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"31f74cc\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-63b35d9\" data-id=\"63b35d9\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f4ee4b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0f4ee4b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Ellen\u0151rizze, hogy melyik \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k\u00e9szletre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny potenci\u00e1lis betegs\u00e9geinek megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be2473a\" data-id=\"be2473a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f15d008 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f15d008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c1BL\u00c1ZAT LET\u00d6LT\u00c9SE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tomato disease models ALTERNARIA spp \u2013Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata GREY MOULD \u2013Botrytis cinerea PASSALORA FULVA \u2013Cladosporium fulvum ANTRACHNOSE \u2013Colletotrichum spp PHYTOPHTHORA \u2013Phytophthora infestans and Phytophthora capsici POWDERY MILDEW SEPTORIA LEAF SPOT \u2013Septoria lycopersici Recommended equipment Alternaria Pathogen Alternaria species, notably Alternaria solani and Alternaria alternata, are fungal pathogens responsible for diseases like early blight [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-49816","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49816","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=49816"}],"version-history":[{"count":41,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49816\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":120505,"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/49816\/revisions\/120505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=49816"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}