{"id":43691,"date":"2022-06-29T07:57:08","date_gmt":"2022-06-29T07:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=43691"},"modified":"2024-02-09T09:23:50","modified_gmt":"2024-02-09T09:23:50","slug":"disease-models-almond-pistachio-walnut","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/disease-models-almond-pistachio-walnut\/","title":{"rendered":"Betegs\u00e9gmodellek - mandula, piszt\u00e1cia, di\u00f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"43691\" class=\"elementor elementor-43691\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bba804d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bba804d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7939599\" data-id=\"7939599\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0f28039 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0f28039\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"350\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-43701\" alt=\"mandula, piszt\u00e1cia, di\u00f3 betegs\u00e9g modellek - c\u00edmlapfot\u00f3\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo-300x55.jpg 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo-1024x187.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo-768x140.jpg 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/almond-pistachio-walnut-disease-models-cover-photo-1536x280.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b2188fd elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b2188fd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7979a52\" data-id=\"7979a52\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47a5554 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"47a5554\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Mandula, piszt\u00e1cia \u00e9s di\u00f3<\/b> betegs\u00e9gmodellek\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e00a9ff elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e00a9ff\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3211b04\" data-id=\"3211b04\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97eb51e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"97eb51e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#walnut-anthracnose\">DI\u00d3 ANTRAKN\u00d3ZIS - <\/br><em>Gnomonia Leptostyla<\/em>\n\n<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-cca72e6\" data-id=\"cca72e6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af1be1e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"af1be1e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#walnut-blight\">DI\u00d3FOLTOSS\u00c1G - <\/br><em>Xanthomonas Arboricola pv. Juglandis<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5512174\" data-id=\"5512174\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1087d44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1087d44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#leaf-spot-disease\">LEV\u00c9LFOLTOSS\u00c1G - <\/br><em>Alternaria Alternata<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a1d4b03 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a1d4b03\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4bfb4bf\" data-id=\"4bfb4bf\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-02c379d elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"02c379d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#brown-rot\">BROWN ROT -<\/br><em>Monilia spp.<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d7d2df3\" data-id=\"d7d2df3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6784bd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6784bd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"#rust-on-almond\">ROZSDA A MANDUL\u00c1N -<\/br><em>Tranzschelia discolor<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4df9cff\" data-id=\"4df9cff\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0b63825 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0b63825\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f3a6b8a\" data-id=\"f3a6b8a\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92458b elementor-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f92458b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"#recommended-equipment\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Aj\u00e1nlott felszerel\u00e9s<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d20f7d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d20f7d\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-43255f3\" data-id=\"43255f3\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-35615a5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"35615a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b9e87ed elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b9e87ed\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6db8cf0\" data-id=\"6db8cf0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d5f27c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"d5f27c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"walnut-anthracnose\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21e8f0f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"21e8f0f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u00f3 antracn\u00f3zis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7a0e9b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7a0e9b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A di\u00f3 antrakn\u00f3zis betegs\u00e9g\u00e9t a Gnomonia leptostyla gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 (imperfekt st\u00e1dium: Marssonina juglandis) okozza, amely f\u0151k\u00e9nt a keleti fekete di\u00f3f\u00e1kat (Juglans nigra L.) fert\u0151zi, de fert\u0151z\u00f6ttek a vajdi\u00f3, perzsa vagy angol di\u00f3, hinds di\u00f3 \u00e9s kaliforniai di\u00f3 fajt\u00e1k is.<\/p><p>A di\u00f3f\u00e1k k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben \u00e9rz\u00e9kenyek a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3ra, de m\u00e9g a kev\u00e9ss\u00e9 fog\u00e9konyak is fert\u0151z\u00f6tt\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak, ha a gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra optim\u00e1lis felt\u00e9telek adottak. A di\u00f3fa antrakn\u00f3zis vil\u00e1gszerte elterjedt.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A levelek, a di\u00f3f\u00e9l\u00e9k \u00e9s esetenk\u00e9nt a hajt\u00e1sok is megt\u00e1madhat\u00f3k. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt leveleken apr\u00f3, k\u00f6r alak\u00fa vagy szab\u00e1lytalanul k\u00f6r alak\u00fa s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarna vagy fekete foltok jelennek meg. Ezek a foltok egyre szaporodnak, megnagyobbodnak, \u00e9s gyakran m\u00e9g nagyobb elhalt ter\u00fcleteket alkotva egyes\u00fclnek. Ezeket a foltokat \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban s\u00e1rg\u00e1s vagy aranysz\u00edn\u0171 lev\u00e9lsz\u00f6vet hat\u00e1rolja. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt levelek \u00e9s lev\u00e9lk\u00e9k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban id\u0151 el\u0151tt lehullanak, de n\u00e9h\u00e1ny fert\u0151z\u00f6tt lev\u00e9lke \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a szezon nagy r\u00e9sz\u00e9ben a f\u00e1n marad.<\/p><p>A korai lombtalan\u00edt\u00e1s befoly\u00e1solja a di\u00f3f\u00e9l\u00e9k min\u0151s\u00e9g\u00e9t \u00e9s n\u00f6veked\u00e9s\u00e9t. A beteg f\u00e1kr\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 di\u00f3nak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban s\u00f6t\u00e9t, cs\u00fanya \u00e9s fonnyadt a h\u00fasa. A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt di\u00f3 h\u00e9j\u00e1n a levelekn\u00e9l kisebb, beesett, nekrotikus foltok jelennek meg. Az \u00e9retlen\u00fcl megbetegedett di\u00f3k nem fejl\u0151dnek norm\u00e1lisan, \u00e9s sokuk id\u0151 el\u0151tt lehull. A ritk\u00e1n megt\u00e1madott hajt\u00e1sokon is megjelennek a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek, \u00e9s elhalt, beesett, ov\u00e1lis vagy szab\u00e1lytalanul k\u00f6r alak\u00fa, vil\u00e1gos, sz\u00fcrk\u00e9sbarna, s\u00f6t\u00e9t, v\u00f6r\u00f6sesbarna szeg\u00e9llyel ell\u00e1tott, beesett ter\u00fcleteket k\u00e9peznek.<\/p><h3>A gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 \u00e9letciklusa<\/h3><p><u>Perithecia<\/u> a t\u00e9li id\u0151szakban alakulnak ki a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten <u>7\u00b0C-10\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt<\/u>. Az ivaros, sp\u00f3ratermel\u0151 perit\u00e9ci\u00e1k kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1hoz k\u00e9t kompatibilis t\u00f6rzsre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Minden peritheciumon bel\u00fcl sok aszkusz fejl\u0151dik ki, amelyek mindegyike nyolc aszkosp\u00f3r\u00e1t tartalmaz. <u>Az aszkosp\u00f3r\u00e1k ki\u00fcr\u00fclnek<\/u> a peritheciumb\u00f3l a nedves tavaszi id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1s sor\u00e1n, \u00e9s a sz\u00e9l a levelekre sz\u00e1ll\u00edtja \u0151ket. A sp\u00f3rakibocs\u00e1t\u00e1shoz \u00e9s -terjed\u00e9shez es\u0151re van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. Az optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet <u>10\u00b0C felett<\/u>. A sz\u00e9l \u00e9s az es\u0151 a sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat az \u00faj, z\u00f6ld levelekbe sz\u00e1ll\u00edtja, ahol a fert\u0151z\u00e9s bek\u00f6vetkezik. A t\u00fcnetek m\u00e1jus elej\u00e9n jelentkeznek.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt leveleken fekete, apr\u00f3, aszexu\u00e1lis term\u0151testek (acervuli) l\u00e1that\u00f3k. K\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 18\u00b0C-on a legnagyobb a term\u00e9s\u00fck, nagysz\u00e1m\u00fa kon\u00eddiumot termelnek. <u>A kon\u00eddiumok okozz\u00e1k a m\u00e1sodlagos fert\u0151z\u00e9s forr\u00e1s\u00e1t<\/u> (j\u00faniusban-\u0151sszel). Sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges az es\u0151fr\u00f6ccsen\u00e9s, valamint az, hogy a szabad nedvess\u00e9g t\u00f6bb mint 6 \u00f3r\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl a lev\u00e9l fel\u00fclet\u00e9n maradjon. A fert\u0151z\u00e9s optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 21\u00b0C. A t\u00fcnetek 2-3 h\u00e9t lappang\u00e1si id\u0151 ut\u00e1n jelentkezhetnek.<\/p><p>Kedvez\u0151tlen k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt (sz\u00e1razs\u00e1g) a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k n\u00e9h\u00e1ny h\u00e9tig k\u00e9pesek t\u00fal\u00e9lni. A gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 <u>a lehullott levelekben telel \u00e1t<\/u> (peritheciumok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban) vagy di\u00f3fa gallyakon (sp\u00f3r\u00e1k).<\/p><p>Az FieldClimate a fert\u0151z\u00e9sek \u00e9s az aszkosp\u00f3r\u00e1k kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1s\u00e1nak val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9g\u00e9t mutatja kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet, az es\u0151 \u00e9s a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny\u00e9ben.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-716da29 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"716da29\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a21a422\" data-id=\"a21a422\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-32e16fc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"32e16fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fde9f2c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fde9f2c\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e79913f\" data-id=\"e79913f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d87c4d elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"3d87c4d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"walnut-blight\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b56abf5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b56abf5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Di\u00f3foltoss\u00e1g<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ece09db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ece09db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A bakteri\u00e1lis betegs\u00e9g <i>Xanthomonas arboricola pv. juglandis<\/i>, a di\u00f3foltoss\u00e1gnak nevezik. A bakt\u00e9rium a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt r\u00fcgyekben \u00e9s keltik\u00e1kban telel \u00e1t. A legnagyobb bakt\u00e9riumpopul\u00e1ci\u00f3val rendelkez\u0151 r\u00fcgyekben alakul ki a legnagyobb val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171s\u00e9ggel a foltoss\u00e1g. A kora tavaszi n\u00f6veked\u00e9s sor\u00e1n a bakt\u00e9riumok a fejl\u0151d\u0151 hajt\u00e1sokon \u00e9s a di\u00f3szemeken terjednek. \u00dagy t\u0171nik, hogy az es\u0151cseppek csak nagyon kis m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben terjednek \u00e1t m\u00e1s hajt\u00e1sokra \u00e9s f\u00e1kra. Ez egy f\u00e1n vagy gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6n bel\u00fcl helyi fert\u0151z\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontokat eredm\u00e9nyez. A gyakori, hosszan tart\u00f3 es\u0151z\u00e9sek, k\u00f6zvetlen\u00fcl a vir\u00e1gz\u00e1s el\u0151tt \u00e9s alatt, valamint k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 2 h\u00e9tig ut\u00e1na, s\u00falyos fak\u00f3foltoss\u00e1gi kit\u00f6r\u00e9seket eredm\u00e9nyeznek ezeken a helyi fert\u0151z\u00e9si k\u00f6zpontokon bel\u00fcl. Ekkor a leg\u00e9rz\u00e9kenyebbek a di\u00f3f\u00e9l\u00e9k.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A fert\u0151z\u00e9s a leveleken el\u0151sz\u00f6r v\u00f6r\u00f6sesbarna foltokk\u00e9nt, a sz\u00e1rakon fekete, enyh\u00e9n m\u00e9lyed\u0151, gyakran a hajt\u00e1sokat k\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00f6lel\u0151 foltokk\u00e9nt jelentkezik. A fiatal, fert\u0151z\u00f6tt lev\u00e9l- \u00e9s kocs\u00e1nyr\u00fcgyek s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarn\u00e1ra vagy feket\u00e9re sz\u00ednez\u0151dnek, \u00e9s hamarosan elhalnak. A betegs\u00e9g s\u00falyos a di\u00f3n, ahol k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 m\u00e9ret\u0171 fekete, ny\u00e1lk\u00e1s foltokat okoz. A szervezet behatol a h\u00e9jba, a h\u00e9jba \u00e9s esetenk\u00e9nt az ehet\u0151 h\u00fasba is. A k\u00e9s\u0151i fert\u0151z\u00e9s a h\u00e9jakon fekete gy\u0171r\u0171ket eredm\u00e9nyez.<\/p><p>A bakt\u00e9riumos betegs\u00e9gnek kedvez a meleg, m\u00e9rs\u00e9kelt, 10-28 \u00b0C-os h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u0171 \u00e9vszak, az enyhe \u00e9s gyakori es\u0151z\u00e9sek, az er\u0151s sz\u00e9l \u00e9s a harmat. A helyi elterjed\u00e9s es\u0151v\u00edzzel lehets\u00e9ges.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-27cbb41 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"27cbb41\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1886ac6\" data-id=\"1886ac6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ca3300 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3ca3300\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c36beca elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c36beca\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e9169c6\" data-id=\"e9169c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-be254cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"be254cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"leaf-spot-disease\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6483309 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6483309\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lev\u00e9lfoltos betegs\u00e9g<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfaeb17 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bfaeb17\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><i>Alternaria alternata<\/i> a gazdan\u00f6v\u00e9nyek sz\u00e9les sk\u00e1l\u00e1j\u00e1n okoz lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1got, rothad\u00e1st \u00e9s foltoss\u00e1got. A gomba az opportunista k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>Az Alternaria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g a leveleken viszonylag nagy, 12-18 mm \u00e1tm\u00e9r\u0151j\u0171 barna foltok form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelenik meg. A gomba sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat termel, amelyek fekete foltokk\u00e9nt jelennek meg. A lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g j\u00faniusban \u00e9s j\u00faliusban fejl\u0151dik a leggyorsabban, \u00e9s a f\u00e1k ny\u00e1r elej\u00e9re szinte teljesen lombtalanok lehetnek, ha a betegs\u00e9g s\u00falyos. A betegs\u00e9g ott t\u0171nik a legs\u00falyosabbnak, ahol harmat k\u00e9pz\u0151dik, magas a p\u00e1ratartalom \u00e9s a leveg\u0151 pang.<\/p><p>Az Alternaria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1g a K\u00f6z\u00e9ps\u0151-v\u00f6lgyben b\u00e1rhol termesztett mandulaf\u00e1kon el\u0151fordulhat, de a San Joaquin-v\u00f6lgy \u00e9szaki r\u00e9sz\u00e9n ritk\u00e1n el\u00e9g s\u00falyos ahhoz, hogy kezel\u00e9st ig\u00e9nyeljen. A legs\u00falyosabb a San Joaquin-v\u00f6lgy d\u00e9li r\u00e9sz\u00e9n \u00e9s a Sacramento-v\u00f6lgy \u00e9szaki r\u00e9sz\u00e9n l\u00e9v\u0151 f\u00e1kon.<\/p><h3>Betegs\u00e9g ciklus<\/h3><p>A gomba ivartalan sp\u00f3r\u00e1i vastag fal\u00faak, t\u00f6bbsejt\u0171ek \u00e9s pigment\u00e1ltak, \u00e9s k\u00e9pesek elviselni a kedvez\u0151tlen k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyeket, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul a sz\u00e1raz id\u0151j\u00e1r\u00e1st. A sp\u00f3r\u00e1k a leveleken \u00e9s kisebb sz\u00e1mban a f\u00e1n maradt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n \u00e9s gallyakon, valamint a lev\u00e9lhullad\u00e9kon termel\u0151dnek. Ha nincs fog\u00e9kony sz\u00f6vet, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul t\u00e9len, a gomba az \u00e9rett leveleken, gallyakon \u00e9s gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n marad \u00e9letben. A sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9s akkor a legnagyobb, amikor <u>a relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom 85% felett van<\/u>. A sp\u00f3r\u00e1k a leveg\u0151ben terjednek, \u00e9s a leveg\u0151be val\u00f3 kibocs\u00e1t\u00e1st a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k v\u00e1ltj\u00e1k ki <u>csapad\u00e9k <\/u>vagy a relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom hirtelen v\u00e1ltoz\u00e1sa. Miut\u00e1n a sp\u00f3r\u00e1k felszabadulnak, a sz\u00e9l \u00e1ltal a fog\u00e9kony sz\u00f6vetekbe jutnak, ahol k\u00e9pesek megfert\u0151zni. <u>Kedvez\u0151 h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet eset\u00e9n 20-29\u00b0C<\/u>, a fert\u0151z\u00e9shez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges nedvesed\u00e9si id\u0151szak hossza k\u00f6r\u00fclbel\u00fcl 8-10 \u00f3ra. Ha a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet 17 \u00b0C al\u00e1 cs\u00f6kken vagy 32 \u00b0C f\u00f6l\u00e9 emelkedik, a gomba hosszabb (&gt;24 \u00f3ra) lev\u00e9lnedves\u00edt\u00e9si id\u0151t ig\u00e9nyel a jelent\u0151s fert\u0151z\u00e9shez.<\/p><p>A nagyon fog\u00e9kony fajt\u00e1k eset\u00e9ben m\u00e1r 6 \u00f3ra lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g is fert\u0151z\u00e9shez vezethet. A legt\u00f6bb fert\u0151z\u00e9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg es\u0151z\u00e9s ut\u00e1n k\u00f6vetkezik be, de a harmat is elegend\u0151 lehet a fert\u0151z\u00e9shez. P\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Izraelben \u00e9s Spanyolorsz\u00e1gban a sziromhull\u00e1s ut\u00e1n kev\u00e9s es\u0151 esik, de ennek ellen\u00e9re jelent\u0151s fert\u0151z\u00e9s lehet a k\u00f6vetkezm\u00e9nye. <u>a neh\u00e9z harmat<\/u>.<\/p><h3>Betegs\u00e9gmodellek<\/h3><p>A betegs\u00e9gmodell a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151b\u0151l sz\u00e1rmazik\u00a0<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www2.ipm.ucanr.edu\/agriculture\/almond\/alternaria-leaf-spot\/#REFERENCE\">UC IPM<\/a><\/span>.<\/p><p>A modell kisz\u00e1m\u00edtja a\u00a0<u>betegs\u00e9g s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi \u00e9rt\u00e9ke (DSV) naponta<\/u>\u00a0(hasonl\u00f3 modell, mint a TomCast a Tomat\u00f3ban).<\/p><p>A betegs\u00e9g s\u00falyoss\u00e1gi \u00e9rt\u00e9kei a lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g id\u0151szak\u00e1ban egy nap alatt m\u00e9rt \u00e1tlagh\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klett\u0151l f\u00fcggenek. A gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerek alkalmaz\u00e1sa aj\u00e1nlott, ha\u00a0<u>a 10 DSV vagy ann\u00e1l magasabb kumul\u00e1lt index\u00e9rt\u00e9ket \u00e9rnek el egy 7 napos id\u0151szak alatt<\/u>.<\/p><p><b>\u00c1TLAGH\u0150M\u00c9RS\u00c9KLETEK<span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-letter-spacing ); word-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-word-spacing );\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-letter-spacing ); word-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-word-spacing );\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d395463 eael-table-align-center eael-dt-th-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-eael-data-table\" data-id=\"d395463\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"eael-data-table.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"eael-data-table-wrap\" data-table_id=\"d395463\" id=\"eael-data-table-wrapper-d395463\" data-custom_responsive=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<table class=\"tablesorter eael-data-table center\" id=\"eael-data-table-d395463\">\n\t\t\t    <thead>\n\t\t\t        <tr class=\"table-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"> (C) nedvess\u00e9g alatt<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"> A lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g id\u0151tartama (\u00f3ra)<\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t            <th class=\"\" id=\"\" colspan=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"data-table-header-text\"><\/span><\/th>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t        <\/tr>\n\t\t\t    <\/thead>\n\t\t\t  \t<tbody>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t15-17\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0-6\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t7-15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16-20\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u2013\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t17.1-20\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0-3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4-8\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9-15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16-22\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t23+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t20.1-25\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0-2\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3-5\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t6-12\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t13-20\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t21+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t25.1-29\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t0-3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4-8\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t9-15\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t16-20\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t23+\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t\t\t\t<tr>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tDVS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t3\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t   \t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<td colspan=\"\" rowspan=\"\" class=\"\" id=\"\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"td-content-wrapper\"><div class=\"td-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t4\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/td>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/tr>\n\t\t\t        \t\t\t    <\/tbody>\n\t\t\t<\/table>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t  \t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-430f081 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"430f081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; letter-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-letter-spacing ); word-spacing: var( --e-global-typography-c15a1ce-word-spacing );\">Egyes gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6kben dokument\u00e1lt\u00e1k az Alternaria sp. rezisztenci\u00e1j\u00e1t a kinon k\u00fcls\u0151 g\u00e1tl\u00f3 (QoI) gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerekkel (m\u00e1s n\u00e9ven strobilurinokkal) \u00e9s a szukcin\u00e1t-dehidrogen\u00e1z g\u00e1tl\u00f3 (SDHI) gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szerekkel szemben; ezekben a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6kben ne haszn\u00e1ljon FRAC 7. vagy 11. hat\u00e1scsoport\u00fa gomba\u00f6l\u0151 szereket.<\/span><\/p><h3>Menedzsment<\/h3><p>A betegs\u00e9g el\u0151sz\u00f6r \u00e9s a legs\u00falyosabban a szabadon l\u00e9v\u0151 leveleken jelentkezik. A nyitott \u00e9s sz\u00e9tter\u00fcl\u0151 lombkoron\u00e1ra nevelt f\u00e1k \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban s\u00falyosabb Alternaria lev\u00e9lfoltoss\u00e1ggal k\u00fczdenek. A kelet-nyugati ir\u00e1nyban sorba \u00fcltetett f\u00e1k szint\u00e9n s\u00falyosabban betegednek meg, mint az \u00e9szak-d\u00e9li ir\u00e1nyban sorba \u00fcltetett gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6k. A leg\u00e9rz\u00e9kenyebb fajt\u00e1k k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartozik a Carmel, Sonora, Monterey, Winters \u00e9s Butte. \u00c1prilist\u00f3l j\u00faniusig figyelje a betegs\u00e9g jeleit. Ha a megfigyel\u00e9s az Alternaria jelenl\u00e9t\u00e9t jelzi, \u00e1prilis k\u00f6zepe t\u00e1j\u00e1n kezdje meg a k\u00e9s\u0151 tavaszi kezel\u00e9seket. Azokban a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6s\u00f6kben, ahol m\u00e1r el\u0151fordult a betegs\u00e9g, \u00e1prilis k\u00f6zep\u00e9n-v\u00e9g\u00e9n \u00e9s 2-3 h\u00e9ttel k\u00e9s\u0151bb kezelj\u00fck.<\/p><p><i>Forr\u00e1s:<\/i><\/p><ul><li>Dewdney M. M. (2013). Alternaria Brown Spot- Document PP152, one of a series of the Plant Pathology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Eredeti megjelen\u00e9si d\u00e1tum 2001. j\u00falius. Fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lt\u00e1k 2008 m\u00e1jus\u00e1ban. Fel\u00fclvizsg\u00e1lt 2013. j\u00fanius. L\u00e1togasson el az EDIS weboldal\u00e1ra az Edis.<\/li><li>Adaskaveg J. E., Gubler W. D., Duncan R., Stapleton J. J., Holtz B. A. (2012) UC IPM Pest Management Guidelines: Mandula; UC ANR Publication 3431. Ez az oldal.<\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1b5597b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1b5597b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6d3f0a2\" data-id=\"6d3f0a2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f7b36 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c2f7b36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-966a8ce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"966a8ce\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a366982\" data-id=\"a366982\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e14451 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"7e14451\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"brown-rot\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a86dc73 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a86dc73\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Barna rothad\u00e1s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-630903b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"630903b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Barna rothad\u00e1s, amelyet a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151k okoznak <em>Monilia spp.<\/em> (Monilia laxa, Monilia fructigena \u00e9s Monilia fructicola) a legpuszt\u00edt\u00f3bb betegs\u00e9gek k\u00f6z\u00e9 tartoznak eg\u00e9sz Eur\u00f3p\u00e1ban.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A vir\u00e1gok a r\u00f3zsasz\u00edn bimb\u00f3t\u00f3l a sziromhull\u00e1sig fert\u0151z\u0151dhetnek, \u00e9s akkor a leg\u00e9rz\u00e9kenyebbek, amikor teljesen kiny\u00edltak. A mandul\u00e1ban a porz\u00f3, a porz\u00f3 \u00e9s a szirmok mind nagyon fog\u00e9konyak a fert\u0151z\u00e9sre.<\/p><p>A barna rothad\u00e1s t\u00fcnetei a cseresznyevir\u00e1g, valamint a gallyak z\u00f6ld cs\u00facsa, ami a k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3nak a nyitott vir\u00e1gba val\u00f3 behatol\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l ered, a porz\u00f3 vagy a porz\u00f3szemek stigm\u00e1j\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl. Ez \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban az egy\u00e9ves gallyak teljes r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek hervad\u00e1s\u00e1hoz vezet. A levelek l\u00f3gni kezdenek, k\u00e9s\u0151bb barn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00e9s merevv\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak, de \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem hullanak le a talajra, hanem a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 \u00e9v tavasz\u00e1ig a f\u00e1n maradnak. N\u00e9ha, k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00f6sen p\u00e1r\u00e1s k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt gumicseppek l\u00e1that\u00f3k, amelyek a gomba megteleped\u00e9s\u00e9nek, valamint a kialakult r\u00e1kosod\u00e1snak a t\u00fcnetei. Magas p\u00e1ratartalom eset\u00e9n a beteg vir\u00e1gr\u00e9szeken \u00e9s a gallyr\u00e1kokon sz\u00fcrke vagy barn\u00e1sbarna sp\u00f3rat\u00f6megek k\u00e9pz\u0151dnek.<\/p><p>A fert\u0151z\u00f6tt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6ket rothad\u00f3 foltok bor\u00edtj\u00e1k, amelyekb\u0151l szem\u00f6lcs\u00f6s sporod\u00f3chi\u00e1k (hyphe) jelennek meg a \"ny\u00e1ri\" kon\u00eddiumokkal. K\u00e9s\u0151 \u0151sszel \u00e9s t\u00e9len a gomba a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt gallyakon a \"t\u00e9li\" forma sporod\u00f3chi\u00e1it is termeli. Id\u0151vel a s\u00falyosan fert\u0151z\u00f6tt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k mumifik\u00e1l\u00f3dnak. Az ilyen m\u00fami\u00e1kban n\u00f6vekv\u0151 mic\u00e9lium fokozatosan szkler\u00f3ciumokba t\u00f6m\u00f6r\u00fcl. Az ilyen gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k a t\u00e9l folyam\u00e1n a f\u00e1n maradnak.<\/p><p>A h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet \u00e9s a nedvess\u00e9gtartam fontos k\u00f6rnyezeti t\u00e9nyez\u0151k, amelyek meghat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k a fert\u0151z\u00e9s el\u0151fordul\u00e1s\u00e1t a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151kn\u00e9l <i>M. laxa<\/i> az \u00e9des cseresznyevir\u00e1gokon. <i>Monilia laxa<\/i> j\u00f3l alkalmazkodik a <u>viszonylag alacsony h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet<\/u> tavasszal \u00e9s fert\u0151z\u00e9seket okoz <u>ak\u00e1r 5\u00b0C-os h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleten is<\/u> a nedvess\u00e9gtartam nagyon r\u00f6vid id\u0151n bel\u00fcl. Az akt\u00edv vir\u00e1gz\u00e1s fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez a stim\u00e1n kereszt\u00fcl nem sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges nagyon sok lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g. <u>Lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g<\/u> csak a kon\u00eddiumok cs\u00edr\u00e1z\u00e1s\u00e1hoz sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges. Ez\u00e9rt a fiatal gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez hosszabb lev\u00e9lnedvesed\u00e9si id\u0151szakokra van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g. A fiatal gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez appressz\u00f3ri\u00e1t kell k\u00e9pezni, \u00e9s szabad nedvess\u00e9gre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g ahhoz, hogy a fert\u0151z\u00e9si csap kialakulhasson, \u00e9s a fert\u0151z\u00e9si csap az epidermiszsejtbe hatolhasson. A gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k \u00e9r\u00e9s\u00e9vel a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n l\u00e9v\u0151 kis hegek ism\u00e9t lehet\u0151v\u00e9 teszik a fert\u0151z\u00e9st fert\u0151z\u00e9si csap n\u00e9lk\u00fcl, \u00e9s a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges lev\u00e9lnedvess\u00e9g id\u0151tartama ism\u00e9t r\u00f6videbb lesz.<\/p><p>Nem lehets\u00e9ges sporul\u00e1ci\u00f3, ha a relat\u00edv p\u00e1ratartalom nem haladja meg a 85% rel. p\u00e1ratartalmat.<\/p><h3>Barna rothad\u00f3 modell FieldClimate-ben<\/h3><div>Kisz\u00e1m\u00edtja a gyenge \u00e9s s\u00falyos fert\u0151z\u00e9seket. <u>Gyenge fert\u0151z\u00e9sek<\/u> a fert\u0151z\u00e9s felt\u00e9teleinek modellez\u00e9se <u>er\u0151sen fog\u00e9kony szakaszok<\/u> mint a vir\u00e1gok \u00e9s az \u00e9r\u00e9shez k\u00f6zeli, s\u00e9r\u00fclt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k. E sz\u00f6vetek megfert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez nagyon r\u00f6vid lev\u00e9lnedves\u00edt\u00e9si id\u0151szakok elegend\u0151nek bizonyultak.<\/div><div><p>Sz\u00e1mos tanulm\u00e1ny, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul:\" Phenological Analysis of Brown Rot Blossom Blight of Sweet Cherry Caused by <i>Monilinia laxa<\/i>\" (L. Tamm, Chr. E. Minder \u00e9s W. Flickiger; 1994) vagy \"A sebz\u00e9s, a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs \u00e9letkora \u00e9s a nedvess\u00e9gtartam hat\u00e1sa a cseresznye barnarothad\u00e1s\u00e1nak kialakul\u00e1s\u00e1ra az Egyes\u00fclt Kir\u00e1lys\u00e1gban\". ( X.-M. Xu*, C. Bertone \u00e9s A. Berrie ;2003) meger\u0151s\u00edtette a fert\u0151z\u00e9sekhez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges alacsony nedvess\u00e9gtartamot. A tov\u00e1bbiakban az \u00e9retlen gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k ellen\u00e1ll\u00f3bbak a fert\u0151z\u00e9sekkel szemben, de az \u00e9retts\u00e9ghez k\u00f6zeledve fog\u00e9konyabb\u00e1 v\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s a s\u00falyos fert\u0151z\u00e9sek felt\u00e9telei adottak.<\/p><p>A tavaszi elterjed\u00e9si mint\u00e1k a <i>Monilinia laxa<\/i> kon\u00eddiumok barack-, \u0151szibarack-, szilva- \u00e9s mandulaf\u00e1kon. Canadian Journal of Botany (1974), 52: 167-176.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Terepi kl\u00edmamodellez\u00e9s:<\/span> Val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171, hogy a vir\u00e1gz\u00e1s alatti fert\u0151z\u00e9shez sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges id\u0151t le kell r\u00f6vid\u00edteni. Ez\u00e9rt a modell a fert\u0151z\u00e9seket 2000 \u00e9s 4800 fokos \u00f3ra k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, 5\u00b0C felett r\u00f6vid\u00edti le.<\/p><p>Az els\u0151 \u00e1bra egy 2010-es st\u00e1jerorsz\u00e1gi modellt mutat, amely \u00e1prilis 06-\u00e1n gyenge fert\u0151z\u00e9st jelez. A cseresznyefa ekkor kezd vir\u00e1gozni. Ez a fert\u0151z\u00e9s m\u00e1r a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k l\u00e1tens fert\u0151z\u00e9s\u00e9hez vezethet, ami s\u00falyos k\u00e1rokat okozna. A k\u00e9s\u0151i vir\u00e1gz\u00e1st \u00e1prilis k\u00f6zep\u00e9n-v\u00e9g\u00e9n a fert\u0151z\u00e9s teljesen elpuszt\u00edtja. A s\u00falyos fert\u0151z\u00e9seket \u00e1prilis 6-\u00e1n hat\u00e1rozz\u00e1k meg a hosszan tart\u00f3 csapad\u00e9kos id\u0151szakok \u00e9s az 5-15 \u00b0C feletti h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet miatt.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-de42129 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de42129\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c979970\" data-id=\"c979970\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6607bc elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f6607bc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d09b7d0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d09b7d0\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-97398bc\" data-id=\"97398bc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c9f6fc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"c9f6fc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"rust-on-almond\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-14e50aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"14e50aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Rozsda a mandul\u00e1n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-860ac99 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"860ac99\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A rozsd\u00e1t a gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 okozza. <em>Tranzschelia discolor<\/em>.<\/p><h3>T\u00fcnetek<\/h3><p>A betegs\u00e9g gyakori t\u00fcnetei a gallyr\u00e1k, lev\u00e9ls\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek \u00e9s term\u00e9ss\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek. Nem minden t\u00fcnet alakulhat ki minden egyes teny\u00e9szid\u0151szakban.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Gallyr\u00e1k<\/span><\/p><p>A gallyr\u00e1k az els\u0151 t\u00fcnetek tavasszal. Ezek a r\u00e1kok a tavaszi sziromhull\u00e1s ut\u00e1n, a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsfejl\u0151d\u00e9s sor\u00e1n alakulnak ki az egy\u00e9ves f\u00e1n. A t\u00fcnetek h\u00f3lyagok \u00e9s hosszanti reped\u00e9sek form\u00e1j\u00e1ban jelentkeznek a k\u00e9regben. A fert\u0151z\u00e9s v\u00edzzel \u00e1titatott s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sekkel kezd\u0151dik, amelyek megduzzadnak \u00e9s felszak\u00edtj\u00e1k a gally h\u00e1msz\u00f6vet\u00e9t. A r\u00e1kok \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a gally fels\u0151, v\u00f6r\u00f6ses sz\u00edn\u0171 oldal\u00e1n tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny nappal k\u00e9s\u0151bb (a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klett\u0151l f\u00fcgg\u0151en) a r\u00e1kok be\u00e9rnek, \u00e9s rozsdabarna, porszer\u0171, speci\u00e1lis sp\u00f3r\u00e1k (urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k) t\u00f6meg\u00e9t termelik. Ezek az urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k t\u00fcsk\u00e9sek \u00e9s az alapjukn\u00e1l \u00e9lesen \u00f6sszesz\u0171k\u00fclnek. A szezon v\u00e9g\u00e9n m\u00e9g mindig megfigyelhet\u0151k a r\u00e9gi g\u00f3cok, amelyek a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 szezonban is fennmaradhatnak, de m\u00e1r nem termelnek \u00e9letk\u00e9pes sp\u00f3r\u00e1kat.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Lev\u00e9ls\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek<\/span><\/p><p>A lev\u00e9ls\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban a tavaszi r\u00e1kosod\u00e1s ut\u00e1n alakulnak ki, \u00e9s \u0151szig folytat\u00f3dhatnak. Hull\u00e1sk\u00e1rosod\u00e1s akkor fordulhat el\u0151, ha nagysz\u00e1m\u00fa fert\u0151z\u00e9s tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3 az egyes leveleken. El\u0151sz\u00f6r a fert\u0151z\u00f6tt levelek k\u00f6zel vannak a gallyr\u00e1khoz (fert\u0151z\u00e9si forr\u00e1s). A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek halv\u00e1ny s\u00e1rg\u00e1s-z\u00f6ld foltokk\u00e9nt alakulnak ki, amelyek mindk\u00e9t lev\u00e9lfel\u00fcleten l\u00e1that\u00f3k. A s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek \u00e9l\u00e9nks\u00e1rg\u00e1k \u00e9s sz\u00f6gletesek lesznek, \u00e9s a kor el\u0151rehaladt\u00e1val a k\u00f6zep\u00fck\u00f6n nekrotikusak. Az als\u00f3 lev\u00e9lfel\u00fcleteken sz\u00e1mos sp\u00f3r\u00e1s puszta (uredinia) tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Ezek rozsdabarna sz\u00edn\u0171v\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak az urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k porszer\u0171 t\u00f6megeinek termel\u0151d\u00e9se miatt. A szezon v\u00e9g\u00e9n a lev\u00e9ls\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek s\u00f6t\u00e9tbarn\u00e1v\u00e1 vagy feket\u00e9v\u00e9 v\u00e1lnak, \u00e9s k\u00e9tsejtes teliosp\u00f3r\u00e1kat termelnek. Ezek a lev\u00e9ls\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek sz\u00f6gletes alak\u00faak, kis m\u00e9ret\u0171ek \u00e9s rozsdabarna sz\u00edn\u0171ek.<\/p><p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sek<\/span><\/p><p>A gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sei a veget\u00e1ci\u00f3s id\u0151szakban a levelek t\u00fcnetei ut\u00e1n alakulnak ki. El\u0151sz\u00f6r barn\u00e1s foltok l\u00e1that\u00f3k z\u00f6ld hal\u00f3val az \u00e9rett, s\u00e1rga gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n. Amikor a gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k kipirosodnak, a gl\u00f3ria z\u00f6ldess\u00e1rg\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00e1lik. Az egyes gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcs\u00f6k\u00f6n sz\u00e1mos fert\u0151z\u00e9s alakul ki, amelyek m\u00e1s gombak\u00f3rokoz\u00f3k, p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Monilinia, Colletotrichum, Alternaria vagy Cladosporium \u00e1ltal okozott m\u00e1sodlagos fert\u0151z\u00e9sekhez vezethetnek.<\/p><h3>K\u00f3rokoz\u00f3<\/h3><div>A gomb\u00e1s k\u00f3rokoz\u00f3 a Prunus nemzets\u00e9ghez tartoz\u00f3 n\u00f6v\u00e9nyeket, k\u00f6zt\u00fck a mandul\u00e1t, a s\u00e1rgabarackot, a csereszny\u00e9t, az \u0151szibarackot, a nektarint, a szilv\u00e1t \u00e9s a szilv\u00e1t t\u00e1madja meg. A gomba speci\u00e1lis form\u00e1k szerint k\u00fcl\u00f6n\u00edthet\u0151 el, a gazdaszervezet alapj\u00e1n, ahol megtal\u00e1lhat\u00f3. Ezek a T. discolor f. sp. persicae az \u0151szibarackon, a T. discolor f. sp. dulcis a mandul\u00e1n, a T. discolor f. sp. domesticae a szilv\u00e1n.<\/div><div><p>A gomb\u00e1nak t\u00f6bb sp\u00f3rat\u00e1ja van, amelyek k\u00e9t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 gazd\u00e1n (v\u00e1lt\u00f3gazd\u00e1n) fejl\u0151dnek. Az egyetlen alternat\u00edv gazdan\u00f6v\u00e9ny, amelyet Kaliforni\u00e1b\u00f3l jelentettek, az Anemone coronaria (Ranunculaceae). A k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 sp\u00f3raszakaszok az urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k, teliosp\u00f3r\u00e1k, bazidiosp\u00f3r\u00e1k \u00e9s aeciosp\u00f3r\u00e1k. Csak urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k \u00e9s teliosp\u00f3r\u00e1k tal\u00e1lhat\u00f3k a Prunus sp.<\/p><p>Az egysejt\u0171, rozsdabarna urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k az \u0151szibarackon termel\u0151dnek, \u00e9s \u00fajra megfert\u0151zhetik az \u0151szibarackot. Ez a m\u00e1sodlagos fert\u0151z\u00e9s, valamint a sp\u00f3ratermel\u00e9s \u00e9s az \u00fajrafert\u0151z\u0151d\u00e9s j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyos k\u00e1rokat okoz az \u0151szibarackon. A teliosp\u00f3r\u00e1k, amelyek az \u0151szibarackon a szezon v\u00e9g\u00e9n fejl\u0151dnek ki, nem k\u00e9pesek \u00fajrafert\u0151zni az \u0151szibarackot. A teliosp\u00f3r\u00e1k telel\u00e9s ut\u00e1n kics\u00edr\u00e1znak \u00e9s bazidiosp\u00f3r\u00e1kat termelnek, amelyek megfert\u0151zik a m\u00e1sik gazdaszervezetet.<\/p><p>Az A. coronaria-n termel\u0151d\u0151 aeciosp\u00f3r\u00e1k csak a Prunus spp. fajokat fert\u0151zik, \u00e9s a fert\u0151z\u00e9s tavasszal hozza l\u00e9tre az urediniosp\u00f3r\u00e1k els\u0151 ciklus\u00e1t. Az A. coronaria ritka a csonth\u00e9jasok udvaraiban, \u00e9s val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg nem az els\u0151 fert\u0151z\u00e9s forr\u00e1sa az udvarokban.<\/p><p>A gomba val\u00f3sz\u00edn\u0171leg mic\u00e9lium form\u00e1j\u00e1ban telel \u00e1t az el\u0151z\u0151 ny\u00e1rr\u00f3l vagy \u0151szr\u0151l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 fert\u0151z\u00f6tt gy\u00fcm\u00f6lcsf\u00e1ban. Tavasszal ezekb\u0151l a fert\u0151z\u00e9sekb\u0151l alakulnak ki a gallyr\u00e1k, amelyek minden \u00e9vben az els\u0151dleges inokulum forr\u00e1s\u00e1t jelentik. A gallyr\u00e1kb\u00f3l sz\u00e1rmaz\u00f3 uredinosp\u00f3r\u00e1k megfert\u0151zik a leveleket, ahol a s\u00e9r\u00fcl\u00e9sekben t\u00f6bb sp\u00f3ra termel\u0151dik, \u00e9s kedvez\u0151 k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a betegs\u00e9g j\u00e1rv\u00e1nyoss\u00e1 v\u00e1lik.<\/p><p><em>Hivatkoz\u00e1sok:<\/em><\/p><ul><li>Adaskaveg JE, Soto-Estrada, A, F\u00f6rster, H, Thompson, D, Hasey, J, Manji, BT, Teviotdale, B. (2000) Peach rust caused by Tranzschelia discolor in California. Kaliforniai Egyetem. Mez\u0151gazdas\u00e1g \u00e9s term\u00e9szeti er\u0151forr\u00e1sok.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><h3>A fert\u0151z\u00e9s felt\u00e9telei - Kimenet az FieldClimate-ben<\/h3><div>Az uredinosp\u00f3r\u00e1kat az al\u00e1bbiak terjesztik el <b>sz\u00e9l \u00e9s csapad\u00e9k<\/b>. Ezek cs\u00edr\u00e1znak egy sz\u00e9les\u00a0<b>h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet\u00a0<\/b>5\u00b0C \u00e9s 30\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt mozog, az optim\u00e1lis h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9kleti tartom\u00e1ny 10-25\u00b0C. Az inokulum \u00e9letk\u00e9pess\u00e9ge \u00e9s\u00a0<b>nedvess\u00e9g\u00a0<\/b>a fert\u0151z\u00e9si id\u0151szakok meghat\u00e1roz\u00e1s\u00e1nak f\u0151 t\u00e9nyez\u0151i.<\/div><div><p>A lev\u00e9l- \u00e9s gallyfert\u0151z\u00e9sek a nedvess\u00e9gtartam (12-36 \u00f3ra) \u00e9s a h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klet (15-25 \u00b0C) sz\u00e9les tartom\u00e1ny\u00e1ban fordulhatnak el\u0151. Ellen\u0151rz\u00f6tt k\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00e9nyek k\u00f6z\u00f6tt a fert\u0151z\u00e9s optim\u00e1lis nedvess\u00e9gtartama \u00e9s h\u0151m\u00e9rs\u00e9klete 18-36 \u00f3ra volt 15\u00b0C \u00e9s 20\u00b0C k\u00f6z\u00f6tt. A fert\u0151z\u00e9st k\u00f6vet\u0151 lappang\u00e1si id\u0151 8-10 nap, m\u00edg a gallyt\u00fcnetek lappang\u00e1si ideje 4-6 h\u00e9t 20\u00b0C-on.<\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-30a41ba elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"30a41ba\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-562082c\" data-id=\"562082c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-241204a elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"241204a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"recommended-equipment\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8aa1dfd elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8aa1dfd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Aj\u00e1nlott felszerel\u00e9s<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-ac85886 elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"ac85886\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-be427fc\" data-id=\"be427fc\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-86a8712 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"86a8712\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b><i>Ellen\u0151rizze, hogy melyik \u00e9rz\u00e9kel\u0151k\u00e9szletre van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g a n\u00f6v\u00e9ny potenci\u00e1lis betegs\u00e9geinek megfigyel\u00e9s\u00e9hez.<\/i><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d8e509\" data-id=\"5d8e509\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-feace53 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"feace53\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-button-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-md\" href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/Crop-solutions-document_2022.pdf\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-button-text\">T\u00c1BL\u00c1ZAT LET\u00d6LT\u00c9SE<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Almond, pistachio and walnut disease models WALNUT ANTHRACNOSE \u2013 Gnomonia Leptostyla WALNUT BLIGHT \u2013 Xanthomonas Arboricola pv. Juglandis LEAF SPOT DISEASE \u2013 Alternaria Alternata BROWN ROT \u2013Monilia spp. RUST ON ALMOND \u2013Tranzschelia discolor Recommended equipment Walnut Anthracnose The disease walnut anthracnose is caused by the fungal pathogen Gnomonia leptostyla (imperfect stage: Marssonina juglandis), which infects [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"elementor_header_footer","meta":{"ocean_front_end_style_editor":"no","ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"on","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-43691","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Disease models - almond, pistachio, walnut - METOS by Pessl Instruments<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/hu\/disease-models-almond-pistachio-walnut\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Disease models - almond, pistachio, walnut - METOS by Pessl Instruments\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Almond, pistachio and walnut disease models WALNUT ANTHRACNOSE \u2013 Gnomonia Leptostyla WALNUT BLIGHT \u2013 Xanthomonas Arboricola pv. 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