{"id":62307,"date":"2025-02-26T11:02:08","date_gmt":"2025-02-26T11:02:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metos.global\/?p=62307"},"modified":"2025-03-13T13:58:00","modified_gmt":"2025-03-13T13:58:00","slug":"weather-variability-soil-moisture","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/weather-variability-soil-moisture\/","title":{"rendered":"Meteorolog\u00eda - La variabilidad es lo que dificulta la agricultura - PARTE IV - Radiaci\u00f3n solar y humedad del suelo"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"62307\" class=\"elementor elementor-62307\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9705e16 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9705e16\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a98aa19\" data-id=\"a98aa19\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-05a6107 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"05a6107\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2>Meteorolog\u00eda: la variabilidad es lo que dificulta la agricultura<\/h2>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2ebd69 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e2ebd69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">PARTE IV - RADIACI\u00d3N SOLAR Y HUMEDAD DEL SUELO<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c6cbec4 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"c6cbec4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-566682e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"566682e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Autor:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Guy Ash, Director Global de Formaci\u00f3n, Pessl Instruments<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e1a998 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e1a998\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>\u00a1La serie sobre variabilidad meteorol\u00f3gica vuelve con la IV PARTE! En <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/in-field-variability\/\"><strong>Parte I<\/strong><\/a><\/span> de nuestra <strong>Meteorolog\u00eda: la variabilidad es lo que dificulta la agricultura<\/strong> serie, exploramos el impacto de <strong>precipitaciones<\/strong> sobre el crecimiento de las plantas, la absorci\u00f3n de nutrientes y la variabilidad del rendimiento, lo que subraya la importancia de los dispositivos IoT en el campo para una monitorizaci\u00f3n meteorol\u00f3gica precisa. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/weather-variability-temperature\/\"><strong>Parte II <\/strong><\/a><\/span>centrado en <strong>temperatura<\/strong>destacando su papel en la evapotranspiraci\u00f3n, el riesgo de heladas y la eficacia de los plaguicidas. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/weather-variability-crop-health\/\"><strong>Parte III<\/strong><\/a><\/span> examinado <strong>la humedad, la humedad de las hojas y las condiciones del viento<\/strong>La investigaci\u00f3n ha demostrado sus efectos sobre la presi\u00f3n de las enfermedades, la precisi\u00f3n de la pulverizaci\u00f3n y los riesgos de encamado de los cultivos.<\/p><p>Ahora, en la Parte IV, pasamos a <strong>radiaci\u00f3n solar y humedad del suelo<\/strong>El debate se centrar\u00e1 en los factores esenciales para el desarrollo de los cultivos, el equilibrio h\u00eddrico y la maximizaci\u00f3n del potencial de rendimiento. Este debate reforzar\u00e1 a\u00fan m\u00e1s la necesidad de <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/weather-monitoring\/\">vigilancia meteorol\u00f3gica<\/a><\/span> optimizar la gesti\u00f3n de las explotaciones en un clima impredecible.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bad85aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"bad85aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"449\" src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-1024x449.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62310\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-1024x449.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-300x132.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-768x337.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-1536x674.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover-18x8.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Weather-IV-cover.png 1620w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-63e7ecb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"63e7ecb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0adfab3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"0adfab3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-efa2c20 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"efa2c20\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>RADIACI\u00d3N SOLAR Y BRILLO SOLAR: efectos sobre el crecimiento y el desarrollo, la aparici\u00f3n de enfermedades y las condiciones de desecaci\u00f3n.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0289203 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0289203\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La radiaci\u00f3n solar puede medirse de varias formas: W\/M\u00b2, (vatios por metro\u00b2), J\/M\u00b2 (julios por metro\u00b2), KJ\/M\u00b2 (kilojulios por metro\u00b2), MJ\/M\u00b2 (milijulios por metro\u00b2). <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/light-sensors\/\">Sensores de radiaci\u00f3n solar<\/a><\/span> son de varios tipos, pero el sensor est\u00e1ndar proporciona mediciones globales de la radiaci\u00f3n solar en vatios por metro cuadrado.<\/p><p><strong>Los valores var\u00edan en funci\u00f3n de la nubosidad, la hora del d\u00eda y la estaci\u00f3n.<\/strong> Se trata de la energ\u00eda utilizada para el proceso de fotos\u00edntesis de la planta. Durante los d\u00edas c\u00e1lidos y soleados, la absorci\u00f3n de productos qu\u00edmicos suele ser mayor que en condiciones frescas y h\u00famedas. La radiaci\u00f3n solar tambi\u00e9n se utiliza en el c\u00e1lculo de la evapotranspiraci\u00f3n, o el agua utilizada por la planta\/cultivo cada d\u00eda.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ea455fd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"ea455fd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"381\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-1024x381.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62311 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-1024x381.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-300x111.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-768x285.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-1536x571.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Solar-Radiation-Sensor-recording-watts-per-meter2-along-with-minutes-of-sunshine-each-hour.png 1577w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/381;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">En la imagen: Sensor de radiaci\u00f3n solar que registra los vatios por metro2 junto con los minutos de sol cada hora.<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a98bf64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"a98bf64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-078a21f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"078a21f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dependiendo de lo al norte o al sur que se encuentre, la cantidad de radiaci\u00f3n solar puede variar enormemente a lo largo de las estaciones. Desde tan s\u00f3lo 250 W\/M\u00b2 en los meses de invierno hasta m\u00e1s de 1.100 W\/M\u00b2 en los meses de verano. Junto con la radiaci\u00f3n solar, por supuesto, el fotoperiodo se acorta y se alarga, y en los meses de verano el fotoperiodo largo (duraci\u00f3n del d\u00eda) puede acelerar el desarrollo de los cultivos en regiones cortas libres de heladas m\u00e1s al norte.<\/p><p><strong>La radiaci\u00f3n solar es esencial para el crecimiento de las plantas.<\/strong> Las hojas de las plantas absorben la luz solar y la utilizan como fuente de energ\u00eda para la fotos\u00edntesis. La capacidad de un cultivo para captar la luz solar depende de la superficie foliar o del \u00edndice de superficie foliar. Cuando un cultivo est\u00e1 en plena cubierta, su capacidad de captar luz solar es m\u00e1xima.<\/p><p>Factores agron\u00f3micos como la competencia de las malas hierbas, <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/insect-monitoring\/\">alimentaci\u00f3n de los insectos<\/a><\/span> o <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/disease-models\/\">enfermedades foliares<\/a><\/span> pueden reducir la superficie foliar e interferir con la luz solar captada por los cultivos. En teor\u00eda, al aumentar la cantidad de energ\u00eda de radiaci\u00f3n captada, tambi\u00e9n aumentar\u00e1 la producci\u00f3n de los cultivos. <strong>Cuando las hojas de las plantas absorben la energ\u00eda del sol para realizar la fotos\u00edntesis, la temperatura de la superficie de la hoja aumenta.<\/strong> Las plantas responden liberando agua a trav\u00e9s de los estomas para enfriar la superficie de la hoja.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed08d8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"eed08d8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b971cb3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b971cb3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33aec1b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"33aec1b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>HUMEDAD DEL SUELO: influye en el desarrollo de los cultivos, la salud de las plantas, el aporte y la absorci\u00f3n de nutrientes y el rendimiento.<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb696f6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fb696f6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La humedad del suelo puede medirse con una o varias profundidades <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/soil-moisture-sensors\/\">sondas<\/a><\/span> que proporcionan estimaciones volum\u00e9tricas o de succi\u00f3n en la ubicaci\u00f3n del sensor de la sonda. El suministro de humedad del suelo es el que m\u00e1s influye en <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/farm-weather-talk-007-whats-my-in-season-yield-potential\/\">rendimiento potencial<\/a><\/span> ya que es responsable de transportar los nutrientes a la planta para la fotos\u00edntesis. Por eso se suele hablar del suministro de humedad como el <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/soil-moisture-monitoring\/\">TANQUE DE GAS PARA CULTIVOS<\/a><\/span><\/strong> para el potencial de rendimiento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1842dd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1842dd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"550\" height=\"425\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_PI-Profile-probe-measuring-soil-moisture-and-temperatures-at-multiple-depths.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62312 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_PI-Profile-probe-measuring-soil-moisture-and-temperatures-at-multiple-depths.png 550w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_PI-Profile-probe-measuring-soil-moisture-and-temperatures-at-multiple-depths-300x232.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_PI-Profile-probe-measuring-soil-moisture-and-temperatures-at-multiple-depths-16x12.png 16w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 550px) 100vw, 550px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 550px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 550\/425;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">En la imagen: La sonda PI Profile mide la humedad y la temperatura del suelo a varias profundidades<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fac6a4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"fac6a4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dc456cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dc456cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Cada cultivo tiene curvas de eficiencia en el uso del agua relacionadas con el rendimiento. La investigaci\u00f3n y los ensayos de campo realizados durante a\u00f1os han identificado el n\u00famero de fanegas producidas por cada pulgada o 25 mm de agua del suelo utilizada por un cultivo. Para algunos cultivos comunes esto equivale a 5-6 bu en canola, 7-8 bu para el trigo y 10 a 12 bu de aumento de rendimiento de ma\u00edz por cada pulgada adicional o 25 mm de agua del suelo a\u00f1adido. El n\u00famero de fanegas producidas por cada pulgada o 25 mm de agua del suelo cambiar\u00e1 con el tiempo a medida que aparezcan nuevas variedades con mejor gen\u00e9tica.<\/p><p><strong>Por lo tanto, la cantidad total de agua del suelo disponible (suministro) para un cultivo durante el periodo vegetativo es igual a la cantidad de humedad del suelo disponible en el momento de la siembra (determinada por el tipo de suelo) m\u00e1s la cantidad de precipitaciones y\/o riego (humedad del suelo) recibida durante el periodo vegetativo. <\/strong>El uso o la demanda de agua del suelo vienen determinados por la temperatura y el tipo\/textura del suelo. Estos dos factores (oferta y demanda) definen la <strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/yield-prediction\/\">rendimiento potencial<\/a><\/span><\/strong>.<\/p><p>La clave es tener o mantener los valores de humedad del suelo en los niveles correctos para minimizar el estr\u00e9s de las plantas y maximizar el rendimiento y la calidad. <strong>Esto puede conseguirse f\u00e1cilmente manteniendo la humedad del suelo entre el punto de llenado y el punto de rellenado al regar.<\/strong> Estos dos niveles se determinan en funci\u00f3n del tipo\/textura del suelo y del perfil de la sonda. Para la producci\u00f3n en secano, el agricultor depende de la madre naturaleza en funci\u00f3n de la humedad almacenada en el suelo y de las precipitaciones de la temporada de crecimiento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-06d921f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"06d921f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>Coste de los niveles inadecuados de humedad del suelo<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84233ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"84233ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>Conocer los niveles de humedad del suelo es muy importante en los cultivos de secano y regad\u00edo, ya que la cantidad de nutrientes aplicada debe ajustarse a los niveles de humedad del suelo.<\/strong> Si fertiliza para 250 mm o 10 pulgadas, pero tiene 300 mm o 12 pulgadas de humedad del suelo, est\u00e1 perdiendo potencial de rendimiento. Por ejemplo, en el caso de la colza, esto se traducir\u00eda en una p\u00e9rdida de 10 a 12 bu\/acre (2*5-6 bu\/acre) o de $90 a $120 por acre. La siguiente secci\u00f3n mostrar\u00e1 el valor econ\u00f3mico de una gesti\u00f3n adecuada de la humedad del suelo para el ma\u00edz de regad\u00edo.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-84b250d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"84b250d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"512\" data-src=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-1024x512.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-62313 lazyload\" alt=\"\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-1024x512.png 1024w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-1536x768.png 1536w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red-18x9.png 18w, https:\/\/metos.global\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/In-the-picture_Soil-Probe-measuring-soil-moisture-at-multiple-depth-and-color-coded-chart-of-Above-Full-Point-blue-Plant-Available-Water-green-and-Refill-Point-red.png 1569w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/512;\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">En la imagen: Sonda de suelo que mide la humedad del suelo a varias profundidades y gr\u00e1fico codificado por colores de Punto por encima del lleno (azul), Agua disponible para la planta (verde) y Punto de rellenado (rojo).<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-409c01d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"409c01d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/metos.global\/es\/farm-weather-talk-005-climate-change-variability\/\">Variabilidad meteorol\u00f3gica<\/a><\/span> sigue siendo un reto importante para la agricultura moderna, ya que afecta a todos los aspectos, desde la germinaci\u00f3n de las semillas hasta la cosecha. A lo largo de esta serie de cuatro partes, hemos explorado las intrincadas relaciones entre los par\u00e1metros meteorol\u00f3gicos y el \u00e9xito agr\u00edcola.<\/p><p>Comprender <strong>precipitaciones<\/strong> ayuda a los agricultores a predecir el potencial de rendimiento y a tomar decisiones informadas sobre el riego y la aplicaci\u00f3n de nutrientes. <strong>Control de la temperatura<\/strong> permite un control preciso de la evapotranspiraci\u00f3n, el riesgo de heladas y la eficacia de la pulverizaci\u00f3n, lo que se traduce en una mejora de la eficacia de los plaguicidas y de la protecci\u00f3n de los cultivos. <strong>Condiciones de humedad y viento<\/strong> desempe\u00f1an un papel crucial en el desarrollo de enfermedades, los riesgos de encamado y los procesos de secado, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de disponer de datos de campo en tiempo real. Por \u00faltimo, <strong>radiaci\u00f3n solar y humedad del suelo<\/strong> influyen directamente en el desarrollo de los cultivos y la absorci\u00f3n de nutrientes, lo que demuestra que el equilibrio adecuado de agua y luz solar es esencial para maximizar el potencial de rendimiento.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f6a7a7 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2f6a7a7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7c87a48 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7c87a48\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a4c6f0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2a4c6f0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3><b>PRINCIPALES CONCLUSIONES DE LA CUARTA PARTE<\/b><\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cb8f78 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cb8f78\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>La radiaci\u00f3n solar potencia la fotos\u00edntesis, pero su impacto var\u00eda seg\u00fan la estaci\u00f3n, la hora del d\u00eda y la nubosidad. La humedad del suelo es igualmente crucial, ya que garantiza el transporte de nutrientes y el crecimiento sano de las plantas. Una mala gesti\u00f3n de la humedad provoca p\u00e9rdidas, por lo que es esencial un control en tiempo real. Por eso son importantes los sensores IoT: ayudan a los agricultores a optimizar los recursos, mientras que el seguimiento meteorol\u00f3gico avanzado reduce los riesgos y mejora la sostenibilidad de las explotaciones.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4653876 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4653876\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;shape_divider_top&quot;:&quot;waves&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-shape elementor-shape-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-negative=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewbox=\"0 0 1000 100\" preserveaspectratio=\"none\">\n\t<path class=\"elementor-shape-fill\" d=\"M421.9,6.5c22.6-2.5,51.5,0.4,75.5,5.3c23.6,4.9,70.9,23.5,100.5,35.7c75.8,32.2,133.7,44.5,192.6,49.7\tc23.6,2.1,48.7,3.5,103.4-2.5c54.7-6,106.2-25.6,106.2-25.6V0H0v30.3c0,0,72,32.6,158.4,30.5c39.2-0.7,92.8-6.7,134-22.4\tc21.2-8.1,52.2-18.2,79.7-24.2C399.3,7.9,411.6,7.5,421.9,6.5z\"\/>\n<\/svg>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4905225\" data-id=\"4905225\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2ebc924 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2ebc924\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>\u00bfTe ha gustado?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-015681b elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"015681b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9535aa9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9535aa9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><strong>\u00a1No te pierdas la V PARTE! 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