{"id":49766,"date":"2022-12-12T11:49:16","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T11:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev.metos.global\/?page_id=49766"},"modified":"2026-05-04T10:33:28","modified_gmt":"2026-05-04T10:33:28","slug":"disease-models-pulses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/metos.global\/en\/disease-models-pulses\/","title":{"rendered":"Disease models – pulses"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Disease\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pulses<\/b> disease models\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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ASOCHYTA<\/br>BLIGHT<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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GREY MOULD \u2013<\/br>Botrytis cinerea<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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SCLEROTINIA ROT \u2013<\/br>S. sclerotiorum<\/em><\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TomCast<\/br>Alternaria<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tRecommended equipment<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Asochyta blight<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Life Cycle<\/h3>

The pathogen overwinters on infected crop residue and seed. Infected seed can play an important role in both the introduction of Ascochyta Blight into new areas, as well as in early disease development, as the pathogen is easily transmitted from the seed to seedlings. Both asexual spores (conidia, spread by rain-splash) and sexual spores (ascospores, spread by wind) can be produced on the crop residue. In the late fall and early spring, sexual reproduction produces pseudothecia which house the ascospores. Development of pseudothecia takes five to seven weeks under adequate moisture and moderate temperatures (near 10\u00b0C).<\/p>

In spring and early summer, mature pseudothecia release ascospores into the air, which can travel for several miles to infect target crops. Airborne ascospores are thought to be the initial source of infection in the spring, although rain-splashed conidia may also be involved. After the spore infection takes place, symptoms begin to develop within four to six days. Early lesions are tan to dark brown, with a dark brown margin. Three to six days after lesions are formed, dark brown pycnidia develop.<\/p>

Pycnidia are often arranged in concentric rings and will not rub off the tissue-like debris will. Conidia ooze out of the pycnidia in a sticky spore mass and are spread by rain-splash onto healthy plant parts, causing new infections.<\/p>

\"Ascochyta<\/a><\/p>

The majority of the lesions during the growing season result from the rapid development of pycnidia and conidia under humid conditions. Even small rain showers are enough to spread conidia to new plant tissue. So it is called a polycyclic disease, meaning that multiple infection cycles can occur throughout the growing season under adequate moisture and temperatures (20 to 25\u00b0C).<\/p>

Disease model<\/h3>

We model the development of pycnidia and conidia during growth season.<\/p>

Ascochyta blight disease development is optimal at temperatures of 20 to 21\u00b0C (temperature range is 4\u00b0C to 34\u00b0C) and moist conditions (high relative humidity and leaf wetness).<\/p>

Implemented into the model are two steps of the disease cycle: 1. the Sporulation (development of pycnidia, the release of conidia), so producing of new infectious units and 2. optimal conditions for the further infection of those conidia. So for infection of new plant tissue first optimal conditions for the sporulation have been given (100%) and afterwards, the infection curve has reached 100%.<\/p>

\"Pulses<\/a><\/p>

Because of optimal conditions (leaf wetness, high relative humidity and temperature around 15\u00b0C for a long time) the sporulation of pycnidia was determined on May 13th at 20:00 (blue line, 100%). Conditions were still optimal to start the infection progress (red line) and optimal conditions for infection have been determined on May 14th at 8: 00 in the morning (100% reached). So depending on the plant protection strategy prophylactic measurements should have been taken into account already before the infection took place or when using curative ones shortly after the infection (100%) was determined.<\/p>

Literature:<\/em><\/p>